Maths formula sheet

General

Profit 𝑆𝑃 − 𝐶𝑃 SP=Selling price

CP=Cost price
Loss 𝐶𝑃 − 𝑆𝑃

Profit % 𝑆𝑃−𝐶𝑃
× 100
𝐶𝑃

Loss % 𝐶𝑃−𝑆𝑃
× 100
𝐶𝑃

Simple Interest and amount 𝑖=

𝑃𝑅𝑇 P=Principal
100
R=Rate
𝐴 = 𝑃 +𝑖 T=Time
Compound Interest and amount 𝑟 𝑡 A=Amount
𝐴 = 𝑃(1 + 100
) i=Interest

Quadratic formula −𝑏± 𝑏 −4𝑎𝑐

2
𝑥= 2𝑎

Expansion of algebraic 𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐

expressions
2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) − 2𝑎𝑏

2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

Direct proportion 𝑥∝𝑦 k=constant

𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦

Inverse proportion 𝑥∝
1
𝑦
𝑘
𝑥= 𝑦

Pythagoras theorem 2
𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐
2 2

Shape Area Perimeter

Rectangle 𝐴=𝑙 ×𝑏 𝑃 = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏)

Square 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑃 + 4(𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)

Parallelogram 𝐴=𝑏 ×ℎ 𝑃 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)

Triangle 𝐴=
1
× 𝑏 ×ℎ 𝑃=𝑎 +𝑏 + 𝑐
2
 𝐴 = 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐 )

Trapezium 𝐴=
1
(𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ 𝑃 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
2

Circle 𝐴 = π𝑟
2 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2π𝑟

Shape Surface area Volume

Cylinder 𝐴 = 2π𝑟ℎ 𝑉 = π𝑟 ℎ
2

Cone 𝐴 = π𝑟𝑙 𝑉=
1
π𝑟 ℎ
2
3
2 2
𝑙= (𝑟 + ℎ )

Sphere 𝐴 = 4π𝑟
2
𝑉=
4
π𝑟
3
3

Pyramid 𝐴 = 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠 𝑉 = 1

𝑏ℎ
3

Cuboid 𝐴 = 2(𝑙𝑏 + 𝑏ℎ + ℎ𝑙) 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑏ℎ

Cube 𝐴 = 6 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
2
𝑉 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3

Properties of angles

Angles on a straight line Angles on a straight line add up to 180

Angles around a point Angles around a point add up to 360

Vertically opposite angles Vertically opposite angles are the same

Parallel lines

Vertically opposite angles are equal. a=c, b=d, p=s, q=r

Corresponding angles are equal. a=q, b=p, c=r, d=s

Alternate angles are equal. c=q, d=p

Angles of a triangle Sum of angles of a triangle is 180

Angles of a quadrilateral Sum of angles of a quadrilateral is 360

Angles of a polygon Exterior angles always add up to 360

Sum of interior angles = (𝑛 − 2) × 180

Similar solids Ratio of corresponding sides = 𝑘

2
Ratio of corresponding areas = 𝑘
3
Ratio of corresponding volumes = 𝑘

Circle theorems

The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice the angle

at the circumference

The angle in a semicircle is a right angle

The perpendicular bisector of a chord is a radius

A radius and it’s tangent are perpendicular

Tangents from the same point outside a circle are of the same
length
 Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral add up to 180
All points have to lie on the circumference of the circle

Trigonometry

Trigonometric Functions 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 =

𝑂 SOH CAH TOA
𝐻
𝑂
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐴
𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝐻

Trigonometric Rules 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 :

𝑎
=
𝑏
=
𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑐
2 2 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 : 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏𝑐(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)
2 2 2
𝑏 +𝑐 −𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 2𝑏𝑐

Sine rule is used when

a) two angles and one side is given
b) two sides and one angle is given

Cosine rule is used when

a) three sides are given
b) two sides and one angle is given

Graphs

Gradient 𝑦2−𝑦1
𝑚= 𝑥2−𝑥1

Length 2 2
𝐿= (𝑥1 − 𝑥2) + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2)

Midpoint 𝑥1+𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑦2

𝑀= ( 2
, 2
)

Parallel lines on a graph When two lines are parallel, their gradient is the same
𝑚1 = 𝑚2

Perpendicular lines on a graph When two lines are perpendicular, their gradient’s product is -1
𝑚1𝑚2 =− 1

The equation of a straight line of a graph is 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are axes, 𝑚 is the gradient
and 𝑐 is the 𝑦 intercept