V R Siddhartha Engineering College (Autonomous)

ECE Department
2/4 B.Tech
Analog and Digital communications: 20EC4304
Question bank
UNIT-1

Short questions

● Define modulation and the need for modulation. (K2)

● What are the applications of AM and FM? (K1)
● Mention the ideal bandwidth required for: a) VSB b) FM. (K1)
● Give the reason why VSB modulation is widely used in TV Broadcasting. (K2)
● Define frequency deviation in FM. (K1)
● Why is FM superior to AM in performance? (K2)
● Draw the waveforms of under, critical and over modulation and also mention its modulation index values. (K2)
● What are the advantages and disadvantages in SSBSC Transmission? (K2)
● Estimate the transmission bandwidth of WBFM. (K1)
● Calculate the modulation index for the following FM signal. c(t)=50cos(2π×105t+2sin(2π×10t)). (K3)
● What is the type of filter used in AM generation (K1)

Essay questions
CO1
● Demonstrate the working of square law modulator and switching modulator. (K2)
● Explain detection of AM waves using square law detector and envelope detector. (K2)
● Describe the generation of DSBSC waves using balanced modulator and ring modulator. (K2)
● Discuss the operation of Coherent detector and the significance of quadrature null effect. (K2)
● Explain SSB & VSB in the frequency domain with waveforms. (K2)
● Compare different AM techniques (AM, DSBSC, SSB & VSB). (K4)
● Calculate the percentage of power saved in SSBSC compared to AM and DSBSC with a modulation index of 1.
(K3)
● Describe the different types of FM (NBFM and WBFM). (K2)
● Explain spectrum analysis and transmission bandwidth (Carson’s rule) of FM. (K2)
● A modulating signal m(t)=10cos(2π×103t) is amplitude modulated with a carrier signal c(t)=50cos(2π×105t).
Determine the modulation index, the power of the carrier signal, and the power required for transmitting the AM
wave. (K3)
 UNIT-II

Short questions
● What is non-uniform quantization?(K1)
● What are the two limitations of delta modulation?(K2)
● Define the term ISI.(K1)
● For the binary data 101010101, draw the polar and NRZ signal. (K2)
● What is correlative coding?(K1)
● What is A-law?(K1)
● What is Nyquist’s rate?(K1)
● What is the property of matched filter?(K1)
● A PCM is using 3 bits quantizer, find out signal to quantization noise ratio?(K3)
● How do you reduce the intersymbol interference?(K2
● What is the common feature among duobinary, ternary and bipolar signaling techniques.(K2)
● Discuss the basic issues involved in the design of the regenerative repeater for pulse code modulation.(K2)

Essay questions CO2

● Define quantization process. Derive expressions for the quantization noise (signal to noise ratio) in a PCM
system using uniform quantizer(K2)
● Draw the PCM system block diagram and explain its operation. (K2)
● Given the data stream 1110010100, sketch the transmitted sequence of pulse for each of the following line
codes:
i)Unipolar non return to zero ii) Polar non return to zero
iii) Unipolar return to zero iv) Bipolar return to zero v) Manchester code (K3)
● Draw the block diagram of a delta modulation system and explain each block in detail.(K2)
● Discuss the drawbacks associated with Delta Modulation.(K2)
● Explain the importance of Matched filter? List the properties of Matched filter. (K2)
● What is the effect of intersymbol interference? Explain in brief about Nyquist criteria to handle ISI in
baseband pulse transmission.(K2)
● The binary data stream 001101001 is applied to the input of a duobinary system; construct the duobinary
coder output and corresponding receiver output, without a precoder.(K3)
 UNIT-III

Short questions
● Define Signal Space?(K1)
● What is the significance of likelihood functions? (K1)
● What is meant by basis set? (K1)
● Draw the block diagram of a correlator (K1)
● Outline the important blocks of correlation receiver (K2)
● List any two differences between correlator and correlative level coding (K1)
● Draw the block diagram of detector that uses bank of matched filters (K2)
● Express maximum likelihood function for an AWGN channel (K1)
● With the help of a equation, show when two signals are called as orthonormal in nature. (K2)

Essay questions
● Justify geometric representation of energy signals mathematically using Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization
procedure. (K4)
● Draw the block diagram of correlation receiver and explain in detail. (K2)
● What is the relation between correlation receiver and matched filter? (K2)
● Discuss the concept of maximum likelihood decoding (K2)
● Formulate & construct the signal constellation for the following line codes (K3)
a. Unipolar return-to-zero code
b. Manchester code
c. Bipolar nonreturn-to-zero code CO3
● Using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure obtain the orthonormal basis functions and construct
signal constellation for the same?

5.2.7, 5.2.8
● Analyze Coherent Detection of Signals in AWGN using Maximum Likelihood Decoding (K4)
● Illustrate Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure (K3)
● Using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure obtain the orthonormal basis functions? (K3)
 UNIT-IV

Short questions
● Sketch the constellation diagram of BFSK (K1)
● Give the expression for average probability of error for QPSK (K1)
● Draw the constellation diagram of BPSK Transmitter (K1)
● List any two merits of Digital Modulation schemes (K1)
● List any two differences between BPSK and QPSK (K1)
● List any two advantages of M-ary signaling over binary modulation (K1)
● Give the expression for average probability of symbol error for BPSK (K1)
● Sketch the constellation diagram of QPSK (K1)

Essay questions
● Draw and explain the block diagram of pass band transmission model. (K2)
● What are the different types of digital modulation techniques and explain briefly? (K2)
CO4
● Distinguish base band and pass band transmission (K4)
● Draw and Explain generation and detection of BPSK (K2)
● Explain QPSK with waveforms (K2)
● Derive the probability of error of QPSK (K4)
● Draw and Explain generation and detection of QPSK (K2)
● Explain BFSK with waveforms (K2)
● Derive the probability of error of BFSK (K4)
● Draw and Explain generation and detection of BFSK (K2)
● Compare the digital modulation techniques (K4)
● An FSK system transmits binary data at a rate of 2.5*104 bits per second. During the course of transmission
White Gaussian Noise with zero mean and PSD 10-20W/Hz is added to the signal. In the absence of noise,
the amplitude of the received sinusoidal wave for digit 1 or 0 is 1mV.Determine the average probability of
symbol error for Coherent binary FSK system. (K3)