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KLM Technology
Group Rev: 01

Project Engineering
Standard
Feb 2011
www.klmtechgroup.com

KLM Technology Group

#03-12 Block Aronia,
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS (P&ID)
Jalan Sri Perkasa 2
Taman Tampoi Utama
81200 Johor Bahru (PROJECT STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS)
Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENT

SCOPE 2
REFERENCES 2
DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 3
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 3
UNITS 3
GENERAL 4
MINIMUM INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON P&I DIAGRAMS 10
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PREPARATION OF P&I DIAGRAMS 25
CRITERIA FOR UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS 35
ABBREVIATIONS / GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS / IDENTIFICATIONS 37
PREPARATION OF P&I DIAGRAMS 38
APPENDIX A 51
APPENDIX B 118
APPENDIX C 120
APPENDIX D 121
APPENDIX E 122
APPENDIX F 123
APPENDIX G 124
APPENDIX H 126
APPENDIX I 128
APPENDIX J 129
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SCOPE

This Engineering Standard Specification covers the format and technical basis
for the Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) and Utility Distribution Flow
Diagrams (UDFDs) for process, offsite and utility plants. Namely, the purpose of
this manual is to indicate in general terms, the extents of detailing, valving
philosophy and instrumentation requirements of similar process designs.

This Standard is also intended to establish uniform symbols for equipment, piping
and instrumentation on P&IDs and UDFDs throughout the Oil, Gas and
Petrochemical (OGP) projects.

REFERENCES

Throughout this Standard the following dated and undated standards/codes are
referred to. These referenced documents shall, to the extent specified herein,
form a part of this standard. For dated references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that occur after the cited date shall
be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including any
supplements and amendments) applies.
1. ASME(AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
- B31 Series "For Pressure Piping"
- B16.1 "Cast Iron Pipe Flange and Flanged Fittings, Class 25,
1st.Ed.,1989"
2. ISA (THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AUTOMATION )
- S5.1 "Instrumentation Symbols and Identification 1st. Ed., 1984"
- S5.2 "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations 2nd. Ed., 1981
(Reaffirmed 1992)"
- S5.3 "Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control / Shared Display
Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems “Ed.,1983"
- S5.4 "Instrument Loop Diagrams Ed., 1991"
- S5.5 "Graphic Symbols for Process Displays 1st. Ed., 1985"
- S18.1 "Annunciator Sequences and Specifications 1st. Ed., 1979
(Reaffirmed 1992)"
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- S50.1 "Compatibility of Analogue Signals for Electronic Industrial Process

Instruments 1st. Ed., 1975 ( Reaffirmed 1995)"
- S51.1 "Process Instrumentation Terminology 1st. Ed., 1979 (Reaffirmed
1993)"
3. ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)
- 3098 "Drawings-Lettering, Part 1: Currently Used Characters 1st. Ed.
1974"
- 3511 "Process Measurement Control Functions and Instrumentation-
Symbolic Representation
- 6708 "Pipe Work components-Definition and Selection of DN(Nominal
size) "
4. API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)
- Standard 602 "Compact steel gate valves flanged, threaded, welding and
extended body ends 7th Ed., 1998"

DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

Licenser - A company duly organized and existing under the laws of the said
company’s country and as referred to in the preamble to the contract.

Project- the equipment, machinery and materials to be procured by the

contractor and the works and/or all activities to be performed and rendered by
the contractor in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract
documents.

Unit- one or all process, offsite and/or utility Units and facilities as applicable to
form a complete operable oil, gas and/or petrochemical plant.

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

For symbols and abbreviations refer to Appendix A of this Standard.

UNITS

This Standard is based on International System of Units (SI), except where

otherwise specified.
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GENERAL

Definition

The Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID), based on the Process Flow Diagram
(PFD), represents the technical realization of a process by means of graphical
symbols for equipment and piping as well as graphical symbols for process
measurement and control functions. The Utility Distribution Flow Diagram
(UDFD) is a special type of a P&ID which represents the utility systems within a
process plant showing all lines and other means required for the transport,
distribution and collection of utilities. The process equipment in the UDFD can be
represented as a box with inscription (e.g., identification number) and with utility
connections.

Representation

The representation and designation of all the equipment, instrumentation and

piping should comply with the requirements of this Standard. Auxiliary systems
may be represented by rectangular boxes with reference to the separate
diagrams.

Dimensions of the graphical symbols for equipment and machinery (except

pumps, drivers, valves and fittings) should reflect the actual dimensions relative
to one another as to scale and elevation. The graphical symbols for process
measurement and control functions for equipment, machinery and piping, as well
as piping and valves themselves, shall be shown in the logical position with
respect to their functions.

All equipment shall be represented such that the consistency in their dimensions
is considered if not in contrast to the good representation of the equipment.

Drafting
1. General rules
Drafting shall be in accordance with the requirements outlined in this
Standard. The drafting must be of sufficiently high quality to maintain legibility
when the drawing is reduced to an A3 size sheet.
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2. Drawings sheet sizes

Diagrams should be shown on A0 size (841 mm × 1189 mm). A1 size (591
mm × 841 mm) may be used for simple P&IDs and UDFDs as per Company’s
approval.
3. Drawing title block
a. The following requirements shall be shown on the title block of each
drawing (see Appendix B):
- Revision table;
- Main Company’s name (e.g., National Iranian Oil Company);
- Name of Company Relevant Organization, (if any), (e.g., Refineries
Engineering and Construction);
- Name of refinery or plant (in English and Persian words);
- COMPANY’S emblem;
- Contractor’s name;
- Drawing title;
- Company’s project No.;
- Contractor’s job No. (optional);
- Contractor’s drawing No. (optional);
- Company’s drawing No.
b. Title block sizes and drawing dimensions shall be as follows:
Drawing Dimensions Title Block Size (Including Revision Table)
(mm × mm) Width (mm) × Length (mm)
A0 = 841 × 1189 180 × 190
A1 = 594 × 841 130 × 175
A2 = 420 × 594 100 × 155
A3 = 297 × 420 75 × 120

4. Line widths
To obtain a clear representation, different line widths shall be used. Main flow
lines or main piping shall be highlighted.
The following line widths shall be applied:
- 0.8 mm for main process lines;
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- 0.5 mm for other process lines; utility lines, and underground lines;
- 0.5 mm for graphical symbols for equipment and machinery, except valves
and fittings and piping accessories;
- 0.5 mm for rectangular boxes for illustrating Unit operations, process
equipment, etc.;
- 0.5 mm for subsidiary flow lines or subsidiary product lines and for energy
carrier lines and auxiliary system lines;
- 0.4 mm for class changes designation;
- 0.3 mm for graphical symbols for valves and fittings and piping
accessories and for symbols for process measurement and control
functions, control and data transmission lines;
- 0.3 mm for all electrical, computer and instrument signals;
- 0.3 mm for reference lines;
Line widths of less than 0.3 mm shall not be used.
5. Line spacing
The space between parallel lines shall not be less than twice the width of the
heaviest of these lines with a minimum value of 1 mm. A spacing of 10 mm
and more is desirable between flow lines.
6. Direction of flow
In general, the main direction of flow proceeds from left to right and from top
to bottom. Inlet and outlet arrows are used for indicating the inlet and outlet of
flows into or out of the diagram. Arrows are incorporated in the line for
indicating the direction of the flows within the flow diagram. If necessary for
proper understanding, arrows may be used at the inlets to equipment and
machinery (except for pumps) and upstream of pipe branches. If a diagram
consists of several sheets, the incoming and outgoing flow lines or piping on a
sheet may be drawn in such a manner that the lines continue at the same
level when the individual sheets are horizontally aligned.
7. Connections
Connections between flow lines or pipelines shall be drawn as shown in Fig. 1
and 2 below:
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Fig.1 Fig.2

Figs. 3 and 4 show two flow lines or pipelines, which are not connected:

Fig.3 Fig.4

8. Inscriptions
a. Type of lettering
Lettering in accordance with ISO 3098 Part 1, Type B vertical, to be used.
b. Height of lettering
The height of letters should be:
- 7 mm for drawing number;
- 5 mm for drawing title and identification numbers of major equipment;
- 3 mm for other inscriptions.
c. Arrangement of inscription
i) Equipment
Identification numbers for equipment should be located close to the
relevant graphical symbol, and should not be written into it. Further
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details (e.g., designation, design capacity, design pressure, etc.) may

also be placed under the identification numbers.
ii) Flow lines or piping
Designation of flow lines or piping shall be written parallel to and above
horizontal lines and at the left of and parallel to vertical lines. If the
beginning and end of flow lines or piping are not immediately
recognizable, identical ones should be indicated by corresponding
letters.
iii) Valves and fittings
Designation of valves and fittings shall be written next to the graphical
symbol and parallel to the direction of flow.
iv) Process measurement and control functions
The representation should be in accordance with the requirements
stipulated in ISA-S5.1 and ISO 3511, Parts 1 and 4, latest revisions
unless otherwise specified in this Standard.

Equipment Location Index

Piping and Instrument Diagrams shall be divided into equivalent intervals (each
in 50 mm) either in length or width. The intervals shall be designated with
numbers from 1 to 23 in length and alphabets from "A" to "P" in width. Equipment
location on each diagram shall be addressed by the relevant coordinates where
required. In upper right-hand area of the flow diagram under title of "Item Index"
all main equipment shall be listed by equipment number, alphabetically and
numerically and equipment location coordinates. In a separate sheet apart from
P&IDs, an "Item Index" shall be prepared to summarize all equipment of the
Unit/Plant with reference P&IDs and equipment location.

Arrangement

1. The preferred arrangement is such that towers, vessels and fired heaters are
shown in the upper half of the diagram, heat exchange equipment in the
upper three quarters as practical, and machinery equipment in the lower
quarter. The spacing of equipment and flow lines shall permit identification
and tracing of the lines easily.
2. The area above the title block on each sheet shall be completely left open for
notes.
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3. The general flow scheme shall be from left to right. Unnecessary line crossing
should be avoided.
4. Process lines entering and leaving the diagram from/to other drawings in the
Unit shall be terminated at the left-hand or right-hand side of the drawing.
Lines from/to higher number drawings shall enter and leave the drawing on
the right-hand end and vice versa.
5. Each process line entering or leaving the side of the drawing should indicate
the following requirements in an identification box (see Appendix B):
a. The line service
b. The origin or destination equipment item number
c. Continuation drawing number with the relevant coordinates.
6. Process lines to/from other Units should be terminated at the bottom of the
drawing at a box indicating the following requirements (see also Appendix B):
a. The line service
b. Source or destination Unit name and number
c. The drawing number of the connecting flow diagrams with the relevant
coordinates.
7. All utility lines entering or leaving the diagram shall be terminated at any
convenient location at a box indicating the relevant utility service abbreviation
(e.g., CWS, CWR, IA, etc.). See Appendix A of this Standard for utility
services abbreviations. “Utilities Identification Table” Showing utility services
with the reference drawings should be provided at top or left hand side of
each drawing title block (see Appendix C).
8. Instrument, control system and software linkage signals from sheet to sheet
shall be terminated preferably at the side of sheet or in an appropriate
location at a box indicating the continuation instrument number, location, and
drawing number (see Appendix B).
9. Equipment descriptions of towers, vessels, tanks, furnaces, exchangers,
mixers and other equipment except machinery shall be located along the top
of the flow diagram. Machinery descriptions shall be along the bottom.
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MINIMUM INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON P&I DIAGRAMS

General

Each P&ID shall present all information as required herein below during
implementation of a project in detailed design phase. Extent of information shown
on each P&ID in the basic design stage shall be agreed by Company in advance.
Vendor supplied packages with an outline of the main components shall be
shown in a dashed/dotted box. Letter "PU" referring to package shall be indicated
adjacent to each equipment and instrument of the package.
Equipment, instruments or piping which are traced or jacketed, shall be shown.
The identification number and service presentation shall be shown for each piece
of equipment. This information shall be indicated in or adjacent to towers, drums,
heaters, tanks and heat exchangers, etc.

Equipment Indication

1. Vessels, towers, drums

a. The following requirements shall be shown:
- Changes of shell diameter (if any);
- Top and bottom trays, and those trays which are necessary to locate
feed, reflux and product lines;
- All draw-off trays with tray number and diagrammatic representation of
the downcommer position (e.g., side or center);
- All nozzles, manholes, instrument connections, drains, vents, pump-
out and steam-out connections, blank-off ventilations, vortex breakers,
safety/relief valve connections, sample connections and hand holes;
- Skirt or legs, top and bottom tangent lines;
- Elevations above base line to bottom tangent line of column or to
bottom of horizontal drum;
- The position of high high liquid level (HHLL), high liquid level (HLL),
normal liquid level (NLL), low liquid level (LLL) and low low liquid level
(LLLL);
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Notes:
i) For draw-offs only "NLL" shall be shown. The other liquid positions
will be shown as required.
ii) Indication of "HHLL" and "LLLL" shall be made when they are
actuating start/stop of an equipment or machinery through a switch.
iii) "HLL", "NLL" and "LLL" shall be shown for all cases except as
specified under Note i) above.
- All flanged connections; [all connections whose purpose is not readily]
evident shall indicate the purpose (e.g., spare inlet, catalyst draw-off,
etc.)
- Catalyst beds, packings, demisters, chimney trays, distributors, grids,
baffles, rotating discs, mixers, cyclones, tangential inlet and all other
internals;
- Water drop-out boots;
- Maintenance blinds for the vessel nozzles.
b. Important notes:
- All nozzles and connections indicated on the equipment data sheet
shall be shown in their correct positions.
- All indications shall be such that the consistency in the dimensions is
considered, although not necessarily to scale.
- Numbering of the trays shall be from bottom to top.
- Height of the vessel bottom tangent line shall be indicated.
- Self standing : Skirt height
- Elevated vessel: Minimum required height shall be shown as "min. ...."
- A valved drain for all columns and vessels shall be indicated.
Generally, this valve is to be located on the bottom line outside the
skirt and between the vessel and the first pipe line shut-off location
(valve or blinding flange). The drain valve shall be located on the
bottom of the vessel when:
i) No bottom line is present, or
ii) The bottom line is not flushed with the lowest point of the vessel.
- The valved vent with blind flange for all columns and vessels provided
on the top of the vessel should be indicated.
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- Safety Relief valves generally located on the top outlet line

downstream of the vessel blinding location or directly connected to the
vessel should be indicated
- Utility connections on all vessel/columns shall be shown.
- One local PI shall be indicated on top of vessel/column.
- One local TI shall be indicated on the top outlet line of vessel/column.
- Nozzles identifications on vessels, reactors and towers shall be
according to Appendix D of this Standard.
c. The following requirements shall be described under equipment
description:
- Vessel item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the
vessel);
- Service;
- Size [inside diameter(s) and tangent to tangent length];
- Design pressure (internal/external) and design temperature;
- Indication of insulation;
- Line number of vessel trim (this applies to LG & LC connections, vents,
sample connections, etc.);
- Indication of cladding and lining (if any).
2. Tanks
a. The following requirements shall be shown:
- All nozzles, man ways, instrument connections, drains, vents, vortex
breakers, and safety/relief valve connections;
- All internals such as steam coils, air sparkers, tank heaters, vortex
breakers, water-draw off sump and etc.
b. Equipment description
- equipment item number (this number also appears adjacent to the
tank);
- Equipment Description
- equipment item number (this number also appears adjacent to the
tank);
- inside diameter and height;
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- nominal capacity, in (m³);

- Indication of insulation.
3. Fired heaters, boilers, incinerators
a. The following requirements shall be shown:
- All nozzles, instrument connections, drains, vents and damper(s);
- Ducting arrangement including damper actuators where required;
- Detail of draft gages piping and arrangement;
- Waste heat recovery system (if present), such as economizer, air
preheater, forced draft fan, induced draft fan, etc.;
- Decoking connections;
- Detail of one complete set of burners for each cell and total burner
number required for each type of burner;
- Tube coils schematically in correct relative positions and all skin point
thermocouples;
- Logic diagram of shut down system (heat off sequence);
- Number of passes and control arrangement;
- Snuffing steam nozzles and piping arrangement;
- Blow-down and steam-out connections;
- Testing facilities;
- Convection section (where applicable).
b. Equipment description
- item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the equipment);
- service;
- duty (kJ/s);
- design pressure and temperature of coils;
4. Heat exchangers, coolers, reboilers
a. The following requirements shall be shown:
- All nozzles, instrument connections, drains and vents, chemical
cleaning connections and safety/relief valves as indicated on the
equipment data sheet;
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- Spectacle blinds for the isolation;

- Elevations required for process reason (e.g., reboilers, condensers,
etc.);
- The connections which allow pressure and temperature survey of heat
exchanger facilities;
- The position of high liquid level (HLL), normal liquid level (NLL) and
low liquid level (LLL) for kettle type reboilers;
- Direction of flow in each side of exchanger.
b. Important notes
Due considerations should be made for proper indication in the following
requirements:
- Generally, direction of flow shall be downflow for cooled media and
upflow for heated media.
- Isolation valves shall be provided on inlet and outlet lines where
maintenance can be performed on the exchanger with the Unit
operating. Provision of by-passing is required for this case.
- Shell and channel piping shall be provided with a valved vent
connection and a drain connection unless venting and draining can be
done via other equipment.
- At exchangers with circulating heat transfer media, the outlet valve
shall be of a throttling type for control of heat duty.
- An inlet and outlet, temperature indicator shall be provided on each
exchanger (on either shell or tube side) so that to facilitate checking of
heat balance around exchanger.

Type of temperature indicator shall be as follows:

- A board mounted temperature indicator (TI) shall be provided at the
inlet and outlet of all shell and tube process/process exchanger.
- For water coolers, the water side outlet shall be provided with a local TI
only. The shell side in and out shall be provided with board mounted
TIs.
- Thermowells (TWs) shall be provided between each shell side and
tube side of the same services when the exchangers are in series.
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- Local indicator type shall be provided for the requirement of local

temperature control, such as manual bypass control.
c. Equipment description
- Equipment item number (this number also appears adjacent to the
equipment);
- Service;
- Duty (kJ/s);
- shell side design pressure and temperature;
- tube side design pressure and temperature;
- Indication of insulation.
d. Sequence of numbering for stacked exchangers/coolers shall be from top
to bottom.
5. Air fin coolers
a. The following requirements shall be shown:
- All nozzles and instrument connections;
- Blinds for the isolation;
- Any automatic control (fan pitch control or louver control) and any
alarm (vibration alarm, etc.);
- Configuration of inlet and outlet headers and the branches. Only one
bundle and fan shall be shown; total number of fans and bundles shall
be indicated. When multiple bundles are required, header’s
arrangement as separate detailed sketch shall be indicated;
- Steam coil and condensate recovery system (if required);
- Isolation valves (if required); isolation valves shall be provided in
corrosive and fouling services where individual bundles can be
repaired and maintained with the Unit operating;
- Valved vent and valved drain connection for each header, vent header
should be connected to closed system for volatile services;
- A board mounted TI at inlet and outlet, (the TI will monitor the process
side of each air fin service). If multiple bundles to be used for fouled
services, provide TW’s on the outlet of each bundle.
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b. Equipment description
- Equipment item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the
equipment);
- Service;
- Duty (kJ/s);
- Tube side design pressure (internal and external) and design
temperature.
6. Rotary machineries
a. The following requirements shall be shown:
i) Pumps
- All nozzles including instrument connections;
- Pump suction valve and strainer, and discharge valve and check
valve. Provision of wafer type check valve should be avoided
unless otherwise specified;
- Pump drains and vents piping and destination.
- The type of pump;
- Pump auxiliary system connections such as, cooling water, seal oil
and lube oil, steam, etc.;
- Detail of lube and seal oil /sealing systems, cooling water piping
arrangement, and minimum flow bypass line requirement for
pumps;
- Winterization and/or heat conservation (steam or electrical) where
required;
- Warm-up and flushing oil lines detail; a DN20 (¾ inch) bypass/drain
from the check valve to the pump discharge line shall be provided
as warm-up line for the cases specified in item 8.1.4 of this
Standard;
- Pressure gage located on the discharge of each pump; the gage
shall be installed between the pump discharge nozzle and the
check valve;
- Pressure relief safety valves (if any);
- Automatic start-up of standby unit (if required);
- Balanced or equalized line for vacuum service.
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ii) Compressors and blowers

- Type of compressor or blower;
- Start-up facilities (i.e., inert gas purge system);
- Safety/relief valves;
- Suction and discharge valves;
- Suction strainer (filter) and discharge check valve;
- Suction and discharge pulsation dampener where required;
- Valved vents and casing drains;
- Winterization (steam or electrical tracing on suction piping) where
required;
- Lube and seal oil / sealing system and cooling water systems detail
arrangement;
- Interstage coolers where required;
- Surge protection (where required);
- Inlet and outlet nozzles;
- All instrument connections.
iii) Steam and gas turbine drivers
- All nozzles and connections;
- Detail of all auxiliary systems for steam turbine drivers such as
steam supply, condensate return, surface condenser and etc.;
- Detail of lube oil, cooling water, etc.;
- All instrumentations such as PI, TI, etc.;
- Safety/relief valves; relief valves shall be located between the
discharge nozzle and the outlet isolation valve; weep hole at
exhaust of the relief valve which opens to atmosphere shall be
provided to draw-off the condensate drain.
- Warming bypass around inlet isolation valve for steam turbines; the
valve on warm-up line shall be DN25 (1 inch) globe type;
- Steam traps and condensate recovery system for the steam turbine
casing drain and upstream of isolation valve at inlet of the turbine;
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- Vent line to atmosphere at turbine exhaust; the vent is required for

the start-up/test operation of the turbine.
- Detail of all firing and control systems for gas turbine drivers.
b. Equipment description
i) Pumps
- Pump item number (this number also appears below the pump);
- Service;
- Capacity, (m³/h, dm³/h for injection pumps);
- Differential pressure, (kPa
- Relative density (specific gravity) of pumped fluid at pumping
temperature;
- Indication of insulation and tracing;
- Miscellaneous auxiliary piping (CW, flushing oil, seal oil, etc.).
ii) Compressors and blowers
- Equipment item number and stage (this number also appears
below the compressor);
- Service;
- Capacity, (Nm³/h);
- Suction pressure, and temperature, [kPa (g)], (°C);
- Discharge pressure, and temperature, [kPa (g)], (°C);
- Miscellaneous auxiliary piping (CW, lube oil, seal oil / sealing
system, etc.);
- Gas horse power, (kW).
c. Other requirements
- When a pump or compressor is spared, the data is listed once
commonly for both pumps and compressors at the bottom of the flow
diagram. The spare is identified by the word "Spare" below the pump
or compressor. The operating equipment and the spare have the same
number but with suffixes "A" and "B".
- Stage numbers are shown only for multistage compressors. All
compressor data for the first stage shall be indicated. For subsequent
stages only N m³/h may be omitted.
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7. Miscellaneous equipment
Depending on the type of equipment (silencer, flame arrestor, filter, etc.) the
following information shall be presented:
a. All nozzles, instrument connections, vents, drains, etc.;
b. Equipment description at top of the flow diagram and including:
- Equipment item number;
- Service;
- Tracing/insulation requirements;
- Design pressure and temperature;
- Capacity

Instrumentation

The following requirements shall be shown:

1. All instrumentation including test points;
2. Isolation valves connecting to instruments (primary connection valve);
3. Control valve sizes and air failure action (FC, FO, FL);
4. Block and bypass valve sizes at control valve stations;
5. Level gages connection type and range, and level controllers connection type,
range and center of float (where NLL is not shown). Type, material and
tracing requirement of level gages shall be shown
6. Sequence of opening and closing for the split range control valves;
7. Solenoid shut-down devices at control valves/shut-off valves;
8. Tight shut-off valves requirements (where required);
9. Hand wheels when provided on control valves;
10. Limit switches on control valves when required;
11. Mechanical stopper and/or signal stopper on control valves when required;
12. Push buttons and switches associated with shut-down systems;
13. The instrument tag number for each instrument;
14. Analyzer loop details and special notes as required;
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15. Winterization of instruments;

16. Compressor local board mounted instrumentation;
17. Software linkage and alarm and shut-down logic system. Complex shut-down
systems shall be shown as a "black box" with reference made to the logic
diagram shown on a separate sheet. All actuating and actuated devices shall
be connected to the "black box";
18. All elements of advance control and optimization systems;
19. Indication of "Readable From" for all local indicators and/or gages which shall
be readable from a designated valve.

Piping

1. General
a. All piping shall be shown on P&I Diagrams, including:
- Process lines;
- Utility/common facility branch lines (e.g., sealing and flushing lines,
cooling water lines, steam-out lines and connection, nitrogen lines,
etc.);
- Flare lines, including safety/relief valves discharge lines;
- Start-up and shut-down lines;
- Pump-out lines;
- Drain and vent lines and connections;
- Purge and steam-out facilities;
- Catalyst regeneration lines;
- Catalyst sulphiding lines;
- Catalyst reduction lines;
- Equipment and control valve bypasses;
- Detail of spool pieces, equipment internals, etc., when required;
- Steam tracing and steam jacketing.
b. All line numbers, sizes and line classification shall be shown.
c. The direction of normal flow shall be shown for all lines.
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d. The points or spec. breaks at which line sizes or line specifications change
shall be clearly indicated.
e. All blinds shall be indicated on the drawings, and the symbols used shall
distinguish between tab blinds and spectacle blinds.
f. All vent and drain connections shall be identified whether screw caped or
blind flanged, if required.
g. Steam traced lines and steam jacketed lines shall be so indicated.
h. All equipment flanges, all reducers and non-standard fittings, such as
expansion bellows, flexible tubes, shall be shown.
i. All valves shall be shown by a symbol representing the type of valve. Any
special orientation or location required for process reason and/or
operability shall be shown. It is not necessary to show flanges at flanged
valves except for those cases where the flanges deviate from the piping
specification for the line in question, in which case flange and rating shall
be shown. Any isolating valve shall be shown locked, normally open or
closed.
j. Control valve sizes shall be shown.
k. All valves shown on the flow diagram shall have their size indicated by the
valve, if different from line size.
l. Insulation and tracing requirements shall be covered in the line numbering
system and shown above the line. Tracing requirement shall be noted on
P&IDs by a dashed line parallel to the line to be traced.
m. Valve boxes/valve pits shall be shown by two embraced squares or
rectangular with indication of "Valve Box" or "Valve Pit".
n. Safety relief valves type, inlet and outlet size and rating and set pressure
should be shown.
o. For pressure ratings designations-nominal size and pipe component-
nominal size see Appendices F & G of this Standard respectively.
2. Special requirements
a. High point vents and low point drains are shown only when they are
connected to a closed system, or are required for process reasons.
b. Utility lines originate and terminate adjacent to the equipment involved
shall be shown. Only the length of line necessary for valving,
instrumentation and line numbering is shown. Utility line origin and
terminus is indicated by reference symbol or abbreviation only. Main utility
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headers are not shown on the P&IDs; they are shown on the utility system
flow diagrams.
c. Pertinent information regarding a line such as "do not pocket" or "slope",
etc., shall be noted adjacent to the line.
d. Typical air cooler manifold piping arrangement should be shown.
e. Connections on process lines which require being blanked or deblanked
for flow direction under special circumstances to be shown on P&ID.
f. Reduction and enlargement in line size are indicated by line size
designation, and reducer and expander symbols.
g. Calculated wall thicknesses and/or schedules not already prespecified in
the individual line classes shall be shown on the flow diagrams.
h. Corrosion allowances other than the nominal allowances indicated in the
individual line classes shall be shown on the diagrams.
i. All operating drains shall be noted and sized on the flow diagrams and
shall be routed to a drain funnel. Destination of the drains shall be
according to the relevant specifications. All drains carrying light
hydrocarbons (Reid vapor pressure 34.5 kPa absolute or greater) shall be
segregated from the oily sewer system, and shall be connected to the flare
system.
j. Sample and test connections shall be shown on the diagrams where
required. Samples which require cooling and connections to the flare shall
be shown with the cooling and flare lines connections.
k. Emergency showers, eye wash fountains and utility stations shall be
shown on the Utility Distribution Flow Diagrams.
l. Any locations where slopes, straight runs, minimum mixing runs, etc., are
required for process reasons must be indicated.
m. The necessary instrumentation and piping for start-up, control and shut-
down, etc., sall be shown for any equipment on P&ID wherever applicable.
n. Break points between underground and aboveground piping with
insulating flanges (if required) shall be shown.
o. Minimum distance requirement for in line blending to be indicated.
p. Weep hole requirement to be shown.
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3. Piping specialty items

a. Piping components not identified by instrument or mechanical equipment
numbers, etc., and not covered by the piping material specification, shall
be identified by assigning a Specialty Item Number or an Item Code
Number for identification symbol and shall be shown on the diagrams.
b. Symbol "M" standing for "Monel Trim" should be mentioned on the valves
on the P&IDs in services where there is a possibility of condensed water
and H2S being present except for the line classes which provide monel
trim valves and other features. Where it is intended that the whole line
should have monel trim valves it should also be indicated on the line list.
c. ASME and non ASME Code change should be indicated for connection
where ever applicable.
4. Steam traps & winterizing system
The following requirements shall be followed:
a. Steam traps pertaining to the winterizing systems (steam tracing) are not
shown on the P&IDs except for the following cases:
- At dead ends/pockets on steam lines;
- At upstream of the Unit battery limit main block valves on steam lines;
- At all points which there is possibility of condensation;
- At upstream of the first block valve of steam line going to the steam
turbine drivers, steam coils or steam reboilers.
b. Steam trap and the relevant steam and condensate lines to be shown for
all steam reboilers, heaters, coils, etc.
c. Steam/electrical tracing requirement shall be noted on P&IDs by a dashed
line parallel to the line to be traced.

General Notes

General notes to be put on the front sheet of P&I Diagrams of each "Unit" under
title of "General Notes". Reference should be made to the front sheet drawing
No. showing "General Notes", on each P&I Diagram.
1. The following general notes shall be specified as minimum requirement:
a. All dimensions are in millimeters except as noted.
b. Elevations shown are above the highest point of paving.
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c. All valves are line size unless otherwise shown.

d. This flow diagram is diagrammatic only. Design of pipe lines must be
investigated for venting of gas and vapor pockets in piping and equipment,
low points in piping, pumps and equipment for freezing and draining and
accessibility of all valves, flanges and instruments including
thermocouples etc.
e. All electronic instrumentation shall be installed away from steam lines and
high temperature heat sources.
f. For level transmitter center of float is NLL. The range shall cover the
difference between LLL & HLL.
g. Sample taping for gas samples shall be from the top of the main line. For
liquid samples tapping shall be done from the side.
h. Except for process reasons, low point drains and high point vents are not
shown.
i. All items marked (P) can be supplied as part of package Units.
j. Temperature instruments shown with "M" are provided with monel well.
2. The following general notes may be specified as required:
a. Piping drains and vents
Low point drains and high point vents of piping shall be provided in
accordance with the following:
i) Drains for all sizes
- Alloy piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with blind flange.
- Carbon steel piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with threaded plug.
ii) Vents for Dn 50 (2 inch) and larger
High point vent shall be provided for the piping of DN 50 (2 inch) and
larger. Size and type are based on the following:
- Alloy piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with blind flange;
- Carbon steel piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with threaded plug;
- The vent provided for hydrostatic testing shall be DN 20 (¾ inch)
boss with threaded plug.
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b. Block valves on orifice tap

- DN 15 (½ inch) single gate valve shall be provided for the all orifices of
the piping class of PN 100 (600 #) and less.
- DN 20 (¾ inch) single gate valve shall be provided for the all orifices of
the piping class of PN 150 (900#) and over.
c. Drain valve of level gages and instruments:
- Drain valves [DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve] shall be provided.
- The provisions should be made for routing the drain of liquids with RVP
of greater than 34.5 kPa (abs) to flare.

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PREPARATION OF P&I DIAGRAMS

The following design criteria shall be applied for preparation of P&I Diagrams
unless otherwise specified in the relevant piping and/or equipment specifications
of the Company. In case of any conflict, the specific piping and/or equipment
specifications will be governed.

Assembly piping of pumps

1. Valve size selection basis for pumps

Generally, the size is likely different between pump suction line and pump
suction nozzle, or pump discharge line and pump discharge nozzle. In case
that, pump nozzle is one or more sizes smaller than the line size, the size of
block valve shall be in accordance with the following:
Nozzle Block Valve
At Pump Suction - One size smaller than - Same as suction line
line size
- Two or more sizes - Select one size
smaller than line smaller than line
At Pump Discharge Smaller than discharge Select one size smaller
line than line

2. Pump strainer
The suction strainer of pumps shall be selected in accordance with the
following criteria:
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Line Size Strainer Type

DN 80 (3 inch) and larger T
DN 50 (2 inch) and smal Y

Strainers DN150 (6 inch) and larger shall have DN 25 (one inch) drain valve.

3. Pump vents and drains

Pump casing drains and vents shall be routed to closed system such as flare
for the following services:
a. Fluids containing toxic material;
b. Fluids with a Reid vapor pressure greater than 34.5 kPa (abs) at pump
operating temperature.
In addition to the above, the vent of casing for the vacuum service should be
routed back to the suction vessel to make out the pressure balance prior to
the pump operation. Drain of hydrocarbon pumps shall also have disposal to
oily water sewer in all cases in addition to the above requirements unless
otherwise specified.
4. Warming-Up line
The provisions for warming-up of pump is required for the pump operated at
170°C and higher or when the process fluid solidifies at ambient conditions or
the fluids are corrosive or toxic.
5. Auxiliary piping of pump
Details of auxiliary piping such as, cooling water, plant water, steam and
condensate, mechanical seal flush fluid, etc., which are required as per pump
data sheet shall be shown on a separate drawing. Reference to the auxiliary
piping drawing shall be noted under the pump description.

Steam-Out, Drain and Vent for Vessels

1. The vent valve shall be directly mounted on the vent nozzle with blind flange.
2. A blanked off ventilation nozzle shall also be provided on the top of the all
horizontal vessels near the end opposite the manway.
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3. Vent connections must be located on top of the vertical and horizontal

vessels.
4. The drain valve will be provided as follows:
- For low pressure services, up to design pressure of 3800 kPa, provide
single block valve with blind plate.
- For high pressure services over design pressure of 3800 kPa, or where
the nature of liquid requires it, provide double block valves with blind plate.

Bypass for Safety/Relief Valve

The bypass shall be provided for venting the hydrocarbon gas or toxic gas to
flare system while plant shut-down or start-up. Provision of bypass shall be as
per following criteria:
1. Vessels
Bypass shall be provided unless otherwise specified in the relevant
Company’s specifications.
2. Piping/equipment
a. Gas service
- If there is other purge line to flare on same stream line, bypass is not
required for safety/relief valve.
- In case of no purge line to flare for toxic or flammable hydrocarbon,
bypass valve shall be provided. The size of bypass valve and line shall
be same as the vent size of piping/equipment.
b. Liquid service
Bypass valves are generally not provided for liquid service unless
otherwise specified.

Block and Bypass Valves for Control Valve

Reference to be made to Appendix H of this Standard.

Line Numbering

1. Line numbers shall be assigned to all lines with the following origins and
destinations:
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a. From individual equipment item to individual equipment item;

b. From line to individual equipment item and vice versa. Another number is
required for the line located at the downstream of equipment;
c. From line to line (exceptions: control valve bypass, block valve warm-up
and equalizing bypasses, and safety/relief valve bypass);
d. From unique equipment to the same unique equipment item (except level
standpipes);
e. From line or equipment to atmosphere, funnel, or closed drainage system
(exception: continuous process vent stacks and process drains).
2. Pipe line numbers shall be prefixed, from source to Unit battery limit with the
Unit number of the Unit of origin.
3. A new line number is required when the pipe design condition can vary (e.g.,
downstream of the control valve assembly) or when a new piping class is to
be specified.
4. Line number shall be held up to the point where the line ends to the header or
Unit battery limit block valve. All branches to and from header shall have an
individual line number.
5. All utility headers (systems) including all steam, water and sewer lines shall
be numbered with their respective Units. All branches serving a specific Unit
will be numbered with that Unit.
6. Line numbers shall be selected so that consecutive line numbers are grouped
first by common service. Spare line numbers may be left between the
groupings.
7. All process lines routed from Unit to Unit shall be assigned on interconnecting
line number. Within the process Unit(s), Unit line numbers are to be assigned.
The interconnecting Unit P&I Diagram is to show every interconnecting
process line and indicate the line numbers inside the process Units at the
Units battery limits.

Philosophy of Instrumentation Installation

Reference to be made to Appendix I of this Standard.

Utility Connections
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Utility connections to process line and equipment for steam and nitrogen shall be
as follows:
1. Connections to process line and/or equipment (see Figs. 5 and 6):

Fig. 5

Fig. 6
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Notes on utility tie-in:

a. The isolation valve may be omitted if the process line is open to
atmosphere.
b. Provide a drain at downstream of check valve to check the leakage.
c. Provide spectacle blind and block valve for N2 service.
d. Main block valve for steam service shall be at the branch point from steam
header.
e. This configuration shall be used for low pressure steam (all sizes). For
medium and high pressure steam double block valves with bleeder
between the valves is required.
2. Connections to vessel for steam-out
a. Permanent steam-out connection (see Fig. 7):

Fig. 7

b. Temporary steam-out connection (see Fig. 8):

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Unit Battery Limit Installation

1. Process lines (see Figs. 9 and 10):

Fig. 9 Fig 10.

Notes on unit battery limit installation requirements:

a. Provide for hydrogen, nitrogen, toxic gases and all high pressure fluids
(P>3800 kPa), double block valves, spectacle blind and drain as shown in
Fig. 10.
b. Provide for each process line (not included in item 1 above) an isolation
valve, spectacle blind and drain as shown in Fig. 9.
c. Provide a flow indicator and recorder shown on board for each process
stream entering and leaving each Unit. Do not duplicate measuring
elements in the same stream within one block area.
d. Provide a board mounted TI on each process stream entering and leaving
the Unit where a flow integrator is provided. Do not duplicate with TI’s
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required for other purposes. Generally, the TI to be located at downstream

of the flow element.
e. Provide a sample station for all products leaving and/or entering the Unit.
f. Product streams leaving Units shall be piped at the Unit limits to the
relevant slops header (light or heavy slops) as well as for the start-up (off-
spec.) operation.
g. Provide a local PI on each process stream entering and/or leaving the
Unit. Do not duplicate with PI’s required on the same streams. PI may be
board mounted as required.
h. Special attention should be made to the possibility of avoiding duplication
of some or all of the above mentioned hardwares on the adjacent Units.

2. Utility lines (see figs. 11, 12 and 13):

Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13

Notes on unit battery limit installation requirements:

a. Provide valves, drains and instrumentation as shown in Fig. 11 for the
following cases:
- low pressure steam (all sizes);
- Medium pressure and high pressure steam [sizes smaller than DN200
(8 inch)];
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- Boiler feed water.

b. Provide valves, drains and instrumentation as shown in Fig. 12 for
medium and high pressure steams for DN200 (8 inch) and larger sizes.
c. Fig. 13 shall be applied for condensate lines.
d. A line size boot at upstream of the first isolation valve shall be provided
and shall discharge condensate to the condensate recovery system
through steam trap. The boot and steam trap requirement is not needed
for boiler feed water streams.

Sample Connections

For sample connection symbols, reference to be made to Appendix G and

Appendix A of this Standard.

Steam Trap Assembly

For individual steam trap symbols reference to be made to Appendix A of this

Standard.
1. Steam trap assembly with internal strainer for different services:
a. Winterizing (see Fig. 14):
The following symbol can be used to demonstrate the steam trap
assembly configuration as shown below in Fig. 14 on P&IDs and UFDs in
order to avoid duplication.
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Fig. 14
b. Heat conservation
The following symbol can be used in place of the steam trap assembly
shown below in Fig.15 on P&IDs and UFDs.

Fig. 15

2. Stream trap assembly with external strainer (see fig. 16)

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Fig. 16
CRITERIA FOR UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. The Utility Flow Diagram(s) (UFDs) shall be prepared as separate drawing

titled as "Utilities Distribution Flow Diagram". The distribution of utilities for
plant operation shall be shown on the drawing. The utilities for plant operation
are generally classified as follows where applicable:
- several grades of steam;
- several grades of condensate;
- boiler feed water;
- cooling water and sea water ;
- raw (fresh) water;
- plant and potable water;
- fuel oil and fuel gas;
- instrument and plant air;
- nitrogen;
- inert gas;
- seal oil/flushing oil;
- closed circuit hot oil system;
- flare and blow-down;
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- Chemical system such as caustic and ammonia.

The above utilities are classified into several groups and shown on diagram(s)
in accordance with the next articles. A dedicated drawing shall be prepared
for "Flare and Blow-down".

2. Utility Flow Diagrams shall be presented in accordance with the requirements

stipulated in this Standard for P&IDs where applicable.
3. Utility Flow Diagrams shall show main distribution/collection headers and
finger headers with their isolating facilities and instrumentation. The branch
line and subheader arrangement shall be shown as practical as possible.
4. Indication criteria of connection between P&IDs and UFDs is according to the
following general philosophy:
a. The indication of isolation valve shall not be duplicated on P&ID and UFD.
b. Valve and instrument which will be used for the normal operation shall be
indicated on P&ID, such as:
- Block valves for water cooler inlet and outlet;
- Block valves for snuffing steam of fired heater;
- Globe valve for steam injection control;
- Control valves for fuel control.
c. Valves which will be used only for start-up and shut-down shall be
indicated on the UFD such as:
- Header isolation valve for steam purge connection;
- Isolation valve for fuel gas or fuel oil.
5. Utility/common facility branch line header valves at the process Unit battery
limit shall be shown. The Utility Flow Diagram shall also indicate any valve in
utility/common facility individual branch lines required for process and
maintenance operations even if these valves may be physically located in the
pipe rack or the sequence of branches may allow in the future for a single
valve to serve several branch lines.
6. Isolation facilities shall be indicated for:
- finger areas;
- process Unit block areas;
- at position of change from pipe rack to pipe rack.
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7. The finger area is defined as being the area that serves a particular process
area which may consist of one or more process Units. In addition to the
equipment that is located alongside the finger pipe rack, the finger area also
includes the equipment located alongside the main pipe rack.
8. Utility Flow Diagram shall be arranged to cover the whole refinery/plant area
and these are divided into separate sheets each with corresponding match
lines. Depending on the complexity and extent of the particular utility/common
facility, sheets may be combined, extended or omitted as required.
9. All equipment that is supplying a particular utility common facility either from
the system (e.g., steam boilers) or from a process Unit (e.g., waste heat
boilers) shall be shown in a "box" in geographical location. This "box" shall
give relevant equipment number(s), Unit number and sheet number of the
drawing in which the equipment is detailed.

ABBREVIATIONS / GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS / IDENTIFICATIONS

1. Graphical symbols presented in Appendix A shall be used throughout the Oil,

Gas and Petrochemical projects in order to establish uniform symbols for
equipment, piping and instrumentation on P&IDs and UFDs. This includes
also Vendor drawings with the same purpose.
2. The graphical symbols shown for equipment may be turned or mirrored, if
their meaning does not depend on the orientation. The representation of
some graphical symbols (i.e., columns, vessels, etc.) can be adjusted to the
actual scale with respect to the process plant.
The instrumentation symbol size may vary accordingly as required and as per
type of document. However, consistency should be followed in all similar
documents.
3. For complete equipment codes, instrument identification and instrumentation
legends, reference should be made.
4. For all instrumentation symbols, logic diagrams, loop diagrams and graphical
symbols not shown in this Standard, reference should be made to the latest
revision of the following ISA standards:
S5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
S5.2 Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations
S5.3 Graphical Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display
Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems
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S5.4 Instrument Loop Diagrams

S5.5 Graphic Symbols for Process Displays
S18.1 Annunciator Sequences and Specs
S50.1 Compatibility of Analogue Signals for Electronic Industrial Process
Instruments
S51.1 Process Instrumentation Terminology
5. Reference should be made for the following requirements:
- Numbering of all Equipment, Piping and instrumentation.
- Unit Identification Number.
- Equipment Category Symbol (Equipment Codes).
- Instrumentation Identification Letters.
- Instrumentation Typical Letter Combinations.
- Painting, Insulation and Heat Tracing Designation.
- Electrical Equipment Category Code.
- System Distinction and Equipment Category Code for Communication
Equipment.
- Drawing Serial Number.
- Fluid Abbreviation Symbols.
- Building Drawing Categories.
- Definition of Nominal Size.
6. Package Units are referred to a combination of completely prefabricated
equipment with their accessories on a skidframe or delivered as prefabricated
components for further field erection. Such Units are generally tagged with
the letter "P". The extent of a package is shown in a box with lines. The tag
numbers of the individual equipment and instrumentation inside a package
shall be given within the package Units.
7. Appropriate graphical symbol should be provided by the Contractor for any
special feature not shown in Appendix A, upon the Company’s approval.

PREPARATION OF P&I DIAGRAMS

General
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As the P&I Diagram contain a large amount of plant design information, its
revision will have a great effect on the subsequent engineering works.
Accordingly for the purpose of minimizing the revisions and avoiding
unnecessary works, the steps for preparing the P&I Diagrams shall be
established. The following steps should be realized in preparing the P&I
Diagrams. Upon the information which can be prepared as engineering work
proceeds, steps 2, 3 and 4 may be combined or extended to more steps as
required.
- Step 1 Preparatory Step for Preparation of the P&I Diagrams
- Step 2 P&I Diagrams for Engineering Start
- Step 3 P&I Diagrams for Piping Layout
- Step 4 P&I Diagrams for Piping Drawings
- Step 5 P&I Diagrams for Construction
- Step 6 P&I Diagrams As-built

In the case where the P&I Diagrams are prepared by the Licensor, only a part of
the above-mentioned steps is applied and the main Contractor shall be
responsible to complete the P&IDs preparation steps. The extent of Licensor’s
and Contractor’s scope of work will be according to the relevant contracts.

Establishment of P&IDs Preparation Steps

1. Step 1, preparatory step for preparation of P&I diagrams

Through step 1, the basic design philosophy concerning those basic items for
the preparation of P&IDs such as mode of indication, applicable standards,
numbering system, valve arrangement and those other basic items on which
agreements shall be made by the Company prior to the preparation of the
P&ID should be clarified. The basic items which should be taken into
consideration in step 1 are listed herein below but should not be limited to the
following items:
a. Vellum and drafting
- Size and vellum of drawing;
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- Title;
- Drafting;
- Arrangement;
- Equipment description;
- Interconnection.
b. Numbering system
- Drawing No.;
- Equipment No.;
- Instrument tag No.;
- Line No.

c. Symbol
- Equipment;
- Piping components;
- Instrument symbol;
- Process stream symbol;
- Utility symbol.
d. Valve arrangement around equipment
- Valve arrangement for drain, vent and purge;
- Valve arrangement for steam-out;
- Sizes of the nozzles for installing the instruments;
- Valve arrangement around the heater and exchanger;
- Valve arrangement around the pump and compressor;
- Valve arrangement around the steam turbine.
e. Piping
- Piping classification standards;
- Valve arrangement at the battery limit;
- Valve arrangement for drain, vent, purge and steam-out on piping;
- Valve arrangement around the steam trap;
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- Valve arrangement around the sample point/sample connections;

- Blow-down;
- Valve type selection criteria/standards;
- Strainer type selection standards;
- Pipe line sizing criteria.
f. Instrumentation
- Valve arrangement around the control valve;
- Valve arrangement around the safety/relief valve;
- Valve arrangement around other instruments;
- Instrument type selection standards;
- Mode of indication concerning computer control;
- Software linkage and DCS presentation.
g. Miscellaneous
- Winterizing and heat conservation;
- Recovery of steam condensate;
- Disposal of drains and waste water effluent.

For the purpose of obtaining a unified design philosophy and

appropriate design relations among the Units, the illustrated process
considerations concerning operation (start-up, normal, shut-down),
Safety and other features of the Unit shall be achieved by indicating on
the Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Where it does not suffice to give
more illustrations, additional brief written explanations shall be
provided. The items which should be covered to complete the design
and operation philosophy and shown on P&ID (as required) shall
include but not be limited to the following requirements (where
applicable):
i) Precommissioning and start-up operations
 Flushing;
 Purging;
 Soda washing(where required);
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 Chemical cleaning;
 Steaming-out;
 Evacuation;
 Drying;
 Water operation;
 Cold circulation;
 Hot circulation;
 Catalyst pretreating such as sulfiding, reduction, etc.;
 Feed cut-in;
 Off-spec. product handling.

ii) Normal operation

 Recorder and indicator points;
 Stream analyzer point;
 Sampling point and type;
 Control valve block and bypass;
 Driver type;
 Chemical injection point and types of chemical;
 Batch operation;
 Local start;
 Instrumentation and control system needed for optimization
and/or process control.
iii) Shut-Down operation
 Depressuring;
 Feed cut-out;
 Cooling;
 Purging;
 Steaming-out and flushing;
 Decoking;
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 Catalyst regeneration.
iv) Safety operation
 Location of safety/relief valves;
 Failure action of control valves;
 Prealarm system;
 Emergency shut-down system;
 Auto start of equipment/system.
 Results of hazard analysis and operability (HAZOP) study (if
any). Note: Contractor shall perform the HAZOP study (if
required by the owner) using PFD, P&ID and plot plan together
with equipment data sheets and related safety equipment
checklist. Contractor shall provide information about the
reported accidents in similar process units in the world during
HAZOP meetings.

The Contractor should prepare both the draft of the basic items for
preparation of the P&ID and all necessary operation and safety
features as mentioned above to Company’s review and approval
before issuance of official revision of P&ID for engineering start.
2. Step 2, P&ID for engineering start
The following information as minimum requirement shall be reviewed and
completed at this stage:
a. Equipment
- Number of equipment;
- Type of equipment;
- Equipment No. and name.
b. Piping
- Size of main piping;
- Winterizing/heat conservation requirement;
- Valve type;
- Provision of drain and vent;
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- Provision of purge, steam-out, chemical injection and water injection

connections and valving;
- line No.;
- Utility services connected to each equipment, piping and packaged
Unites.
c. Instrumentation
- Type of instrument and location of the primary element;
- Location and discharge destination of the safety/relief valve;
- Location, type and valve functioning (failure action) of the control valve;
- Measurement and control method;
- Instrument tag No.

The draft of the P&ID for engineering start shall be sent to the
Company’s review. After the joint meeting between the Company and
Contractor, the P&ID for engineering start can be officially issued
based on the established Company’s comments as per the agreed
items mentioned in the relevant minutes of meeting.
3. Step 3, P&ID for piping layout
The purpose of issuing the P&ID for piping layout is the Company’s approval
on the basis of detailed design for piping layout.
The minimum information which should be added on the P&ID at this stage
shall be as follows:
a. Equipment
- Elevation of equipment;
- Size of equipment;
- Internal of equipment.
b. Piping
- Line class;
- Miscellaneous piping size (except around the safety/relief valve and
control valve);
- Thermal and cold insulation;
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- Precautions concerning piping layout;

- Correct orientation of piping around equipment.
c. Instrumentation
- Size of main control valves;
- Additions and revisions on the basis of detailed design.
d. Vendor’s packaged units
The details of some available information concerning the Vendors shall be
indicated.
4. Step 4, P&ID for piping drawings
The following information shall be added on the P&IDs at this stage:
a. Piping
- Piping around the safety/relief valve and control valve;
- Size of all valves;
- Additional review of the pipe size and branch by the checking of the
piping layout;
- Hydraulic of system (checking and implementation of the necessary
notes).
b. Instrumentation
- Sizes of the safety/relief valves;
- Sizes of the control valves;
- Details concerning level transmitters and level gages
- Logic diagram for heaters, incinerators, compressors, and all other
main equipment (where applicable).
- Consequences of details of cause and effect tables.
c. Vendor’s information
The necessary information concerning the Vendors equipment shall be
indicated.
5. Step 5, P&ID for construction
At a stage where detailed design has been nearly completed, upon approval
of the Company, the P&ID shall be frozen for the purpose of smooth
execution of the construction work.
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The P&ID shall be issued for construction after completion of the following
activities:
- Piping material table;
- Piping class and all relevant job specifications;
- All job specifications and standard drawings in relation to the preparation
of P&ID;
- Logic diagram of the main equipment;
- Hydraulic of system;
- Size of all piping, valves and instrumentation components;
- Vendor’s information.

Absolutely, required revisions after freezing of the P&ID shall be made only
by conducting of design activities using the relevant field sketches and
executing the required modifications approved by the Company. This is
applicable to revisions called for at the design department. The frozen P&ID
shall not be revised.
6. Step 6, P&ID as-built
The P&ID as-built shall be prepared upon completion of the project for filing
and submission to the Company. Since the P&ID is intended for use in
conducting operation control, maintenance or revamping, therefore, the
prepared drawings shall be entirely in conformity with the completed facilities.
The P&ID as-built shall be prepared in accordance with the results of line
checking and the final edition of the field sketches.
The specified piping and instrument take-off and branch points shall be
observed as strictly as possible and shall be implemented on the P&ID.
Although bearing no relationship to piping layout, none of the flange, cap,
drain pot, spectacle blind and other miscellaneous piping designed for
installation at the ends of the drain and vent required for operational purposes
shall be omitted.

Handling of Licensed Process

Where a licensed process or basic design should be prepared by a Licenser, the

Contractor’s scope of work concerning the completion of the P&ID will be
dependent on the type of contract with the Licenser and Contractor.
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1. Licensing contract via the contractor

In this case, the Contractor and the Licenser jointly and severally shall give a
process performance guarantee to the Company.
a. Case 1, licenser prepares P&ID
The P&ID supplied by the Licenser shall be equivalent to the " P&ID for
piping layout" given in this Standard, and shall contain all design
philosophies concerning process. The Contractor shall carry out mainly
the following activities:
- Prior to the Licenser’s commencing the preparation of P&ID, the
Contractor shall establish the basic items for the preparation of the
P&ID and shall submit to the Company for approval. The Licenser
should prepare the P&ID based on the above mentioned items;
- Based on the P&ID and operational guides prepared by the Licenser,
review shall be made with regard to operability, safety, conformity to
design of the Unit, etc.;
- Checking of the above-mentioned P&ID against the basic items for
preparing the P&ID and relevant design data;
- General review and checking of the drawings against the project
requirements;
- Establishing the result of above-mentioned checking and reviews in a
joint meeting with the Licenser. The Licenser should implement all
necessary Contractor’s engineering comments and issue the revised
P&ID;
- The following items of review shall be made by the Contractor on the
revised P&ID by the Licenser:
- Review in accordance with the results of detailed design hydraulic
review;
- Review in accordance with the results of detailed design;
- Review on the basis of information concerning vendors.

The Licenser’s approval should be obtained on any revision which should

be made during the execution of the abovementioned reviews by the
Contractor.
b. Case 2, the contractor prepares P&ID
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P&ID shall be prepared by the Contractor in accordance with Section 11 of

this Standard and the following requirements:
- Required sufficient information for the preparation of the P&ID shall be
obtained from the Licenser;
- The prepared P&ID shall be subject to the Licenser’s review and
approval.
2. Direct contract between company and licenser
In this case, the Licenser shall give a process performance guarantee to the
Company. The Contractor will be responsible for hydraulic of system and
mechanical guarantee.

a. Case 1, the contractor’s verification is required

Usually, the verification is limited to mechanical and hydraulic matters.
However, extent of the Contractor’s verification should be established in
detail by the Company.
For the purpose of conducting verification, the Contractor shall carry out
mainly the following basic items:
- The basic items for preparation of the P&ID as mentioned above shall
be prepared and finalized with the Company;
- The required activities shall be performed to complete all design
philosophies in relation to the process, operation, safety and other
features based on the operational guides and/or P&ID prepared by the
Licenser;
- P&ID Diagram prepared by the Licenser shall be checked against the
above-mentioned finalized basic items and design philosophies;
- Checking of P&ID should be performed against the hydraulic of system
and detailed design data;
- The results of the above-mentioned activities shall be finalized with the
Company and shown on the P&ID as required;
- Upon the completion of the above-mentioned items, the required steps
for preparation of the P&ID as outlined in Section 11.2 of this Standard
shall be followed to complete detailed design activities.
b. Case 2, verification is not required by contractor
In this case, the following activities shall be conducted by the Contractor:
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- Review for the detailed hydraulic of system;

- Review for implementation of results of the detailed design;
- Review for information concerning vendors;
- Completion of the P&ID preparation steps as stipulated in this
Standard.

Revisions of P&ID

1. General
Generally P&ID can be revised in the following conditions if complied with the
requirements as outlined in Section 11 of this Standard:
- For correction of typographical and/or engineering errors;
- As per the Company’s instructions;
- Implementation of pertinent information in the course of execution of the
relevant engineering work on P&ID;
- Addition of information concerning vendors.

Upon agreement with the Company, revisions made after the issuance of the
"P&ID for piping layout" may not be needed by directly revising the P&ID but
by issuing the NPIC "Notification of P&ID Change".
2. Revisions
The P&ID shall be revised depending on necessity at each step in addition to
the required edition(s) which shall be issued per each step. Accordingly it
does not follow that the step No. and revision No. coincide with each other. At
the time of revising the P&ID the NPIC issued up to that time and information
concerning vendors obtained up thereto shall be incorporated on the P&ID.
3. NPIC
Issuance of Notification of P&ID Change (NPIC) and manner of presentation
shall be agreed in advance with the Company. NPIC shall be issued in a
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NPIC form finalized with the Company. In general issuance of NPIC should
consider:
- Minimization of P&ID revisions;
- Not accumulation of a large amount of additions/changes which should be
incorporated on the new revisions of P&ID.

Approval of P&ID
1. Company’s approval of the basic items for preparation of P&ID shall be
obtained prior to commencement of the P&ID preparation work.
2. The Company’s approval at step 2 " P&ID for engineering start" shall be
obtained regardless of the cases that P&ID is prepared by the Contractor or
Licenser or both.
3. Where the P&ID prepared by Licenser has been reviewed or verified in step 3
"P&ID for piping layout" by the Contractor, Company’s approval is needed
before any official revision.
4. In general, Company’s approval is required for any change, deletion and/or
addition on the P&ID.
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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS/GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS/IDENTIFICATIONS

Abbreviations

1. Drain / sewer symbols

AMN Amine Drains
AY Amine Drain Funnel
CAU Caustic Sewer
CDB Concrete Drain Box
DH Closed Drain Header
CSW Chemical Sewer
CY Chemical Drain Pit
DC Drain Connection
DP Drain Pit
DWW Desalter Waste Water
NSW Non Oily Water Sewer
OPD Open Drain
OSW Oily Water Sewer
SSW Sanitary Water Sewer
SWA Stripped Sour Water
TY Toxic Drain Funnel
WSW Storm Water Sewer
Y Drain Funnel (General)

2. Letters at individual valves designations

A Monel Trim (grease sealed seat and packing)
B Monel Valve (grease sealed seat and packing)
BV Ball Valve
CAO Close-Automatic-Open
CC Cable Control
CO Chain Operated
CHV Check Valve
CSC Car Sealed Closed
CSO Car Sealed Open
D Drain
FB Full Bore
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FC Fail Close (closes on minimum signal to valve actuator)

FD Flex Disc Valve
FL Fail Locked
FLC Fail Locked Closed: Valve position does not change on loss of
actuating medium supply (closes on minimum signal to valve actuator)
FLO Fail Locked Open: Valve position does not change on loss of actuating
medium supply (open on minimum signal to valve actuator)
FO Fail Open (opens on minimum signal to valve actuator)
FP Full Port
GM Gear Operated and Motorized Valve
GO Gear Operated Valve
IAV Acoustical Insulated Valve
HIV Hot Insulated Valve
LC Locked Close
LO Locked Open
M Monel Trim Valve (general)
MOV Motorized Valve
MT Monel Trim (teflon insert with grease sealed packing)
NC Normally Closed
NO Normally Open
NV Needle Valve
OV Operating Valve
PIV Post Indicator Valve
PSE Rupture Disk Assembly (Pressure Safety Equipment)
PSV Pressure Safety Relief Valve
P Plugged
SR Split Range
SS Soft Seat Valve
SSV Stainless Steel Valve
ST Stellite Trim
T Trap
TSO Tight Shut-off Valve
V Vent
WV Warning Valve
WP(J) Jacketed Plug Valve
X Type 316 Stainless Steel Trim Valve
XCV Steam Trap with Integral Strainer
XV Shut-off Valve
XX 18-8 Stainless Steel Trim Valve
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3. Piping abbreviations
CM Chrome Moly
CS Carbon Steel
DN Diameter Nomina
FF Flat Face
FS Forged Steel
HB Hammer Blind
LJ Lap Joint
MI Malleable Iron
PB Pressure Blind
PN Pressure Nominal
PTP Pipe Tap Plugged
RF Raised Face
RS Removable Spool
RSP Ring Spacer
RTJ Ring Type Joint
SF Socket Weld Line Blind with Flexitallic Gaskets
SB Spectacle Blind
SPB Spade Blind
SO Slip on
SS Stainless Steel
ST(W) Steam Trap (Winterizing)
ST(H) Steam Trap (Heat Conservation)
SV Socket Weld Line Blind with Viton Gaskets
SW Socket Weld
VB Vapor Blind
WN Weld Neck

4. Miscellaneous designations
AG Above Ground
BL Battery Limit
COF Center of Float
DCS Distributed Control System
F Furnished
F&P Furnished & Piped
HCB Hydrocarbon
HCH Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen
HHLL High High Liquid Level
HIL High Interface Liquid Level
HLL High Liquid Level
LF Liquid Foam
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LG Level Gage
LIL Low Interface Liquid Level
LLL Low Liquid Level
LLLL Low Low Liquid Level
LSHH Level Switch High High
LSLL Level Switch Low Low
MW Manway
NIL Normal Interface Liquid Level
NLL Normal Liquid Level
P Pressure
PB Push Bottom
PFD Process Flow Diagram
PG Pressure Gage
PI Pressure Indicator
P&ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
PO Pump Out
PT Pressure Test Connection
RES Residue
RG Refrigerant Gas
RL Refrigerant Liquid
RO Restriction Orifice
RS Remote Setpoint
RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
RVP Reid Vapor Pressure
SC Sample Connection
SCL Sample Cooler
SG Sight Glass
SF Solution Foam
SP Set Point
SP.GR Relative Mass Density (Specific Gravity)
STO Steam Out
TI Temperature Indicator
T/T Tangent to Tangent
TW Thermo well
UFD Utility Flow Diagram
UG Under Ground
VB Vortex Breaker

5. Utility services abbreviations

AFW Air Foam Water Solution
BFW Boiler Feed Water
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CLW Chlorinated Water

COC Cold Condensate
CW Cooling Water
CWR Cooling Water Return
CWS Cooling Water Supply
DMW Demineralized Water
DSW Desalinated Water
DWA Drinking Water
FLG Fuel Gas
FLR Flare Discharge
FOR Fuel Oil Return
FOS Fuel Oil Supply
FWA Fire Water
HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water
HPC High Pressure Condensate
HPS High Pressure Steam
IA Instrument Air
LLPS Low Low Pressure Steam
LPC Low Pressure Condensate
LPS Low Pressure Steam
MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water
MPC Medium Pressure Condensate
MPS Medium Pressure Steam
NG Natural Gas
NIT Nitrogen
PA Plant Air
PTW Potable Water
PWA Plant Water(service water)
QHW Quench Water
RFO Refinery Fuel Oil
RFW Refrigerated water
RWA Raw Water
SWA Sour Water
TWA Treated Water
WAT Water
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Graphical SYMBOLS

1. Instrumentation
a. Instrument line symbols
ISA-S5.1 (latest revision) section 6.2 shall be used with the following
amendments:
- Heat Traced Line
- Steam Jacketed Line
The following abbreviations shall be used to denote the types of power
supply. These designations may also be applied to purge fluid supplies:
AS Air Supply
IA Instrument Air
PA Plant Air
ES Electric Supply
GS Gas Supply
HS Hydraulic Supply
NS Nitrogen Supply
SS Steam Supply
WS Water Supply
The supply level may be added to the instrument supply line, e.g., IA-600
"a 600 kPa instrument air supply; ES-24 VDC “a 24-volt direct current
power supply".

b. Interlock logic symbols

Symbol Description
Output exists if one or ore input
exists

Output exists if and only if all

the input exists

No output exists if one and only

one input exists
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Time delay output exists after

preset time

Output exists if one and only

one input exists

Sequential logic control

connection

c. Programmable logic controller (PLC) function symbols

Symbol Description
Field mounted PLC integral to DCS not
normally accessible to operator

Control board mounted PLC integral to DCS

normally accessible to operator

Control board mounted auxiliary location

normally accessible to operator

Behind of control board not normally

accessible to operator

Behind of control board auxiliary location not

normally accessible to operator
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d. Computer (data storage) function symbols

Symbol Description
Field mounted instrument not normally
accessible to operator
Panel mounted instrument not normally
accessible to operator
Local panel mounted instrument normally
accessible to operator
Instrument mounted behind control panel in
control room not normally accessible to
operator
Instrument mounted behind local panel not
normally accessible to operator

e. Distributed control/shared display symbols

Symbol Description
Field mounted instrument (not normally
accessible to operator)

Indicator/controller/alarm (normally
accessible to operator)

Auxiliary operators interface device

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f. General instrument or function symbols

Symbol Description
Field mounted instrument

Primary panel mounted instrument

Instrument mounted behind control panel in control room

normally inaccessible to operator

Auxiliary panel mounted instrument

Instrument mounted behind local panel normally

inaccessible to operator

Instrument sharing common housing with two functions

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Symbol Description
Steam traced instrument

Electeric traced instrument

Light (color R = RED ,G = GREEN)

Valve position indicating lamps

Symbol Description
Purge or flushing device

Rest for latch type actuator

diaphragm

Undefined interlock logic

Note:
For specific logic symbols, see ISA standard S5.2.
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g. Function identification (see Note)

Refer to list below for identification:

= multiplying

= dividing

= high selecting

= low selecting

= high limiting

= low limiting

= time function

= Nonlinear or unspecified function

= summing

= averaging

= root extraction
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= exponential

= derivative

= integral

= pneumatic to current

= current to pneu matic

= proportional

= reverse proportional

= difference

= convert

= alarm signal monit

= velocity limiter
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= bias

= reverse action

= inverse derivative

= solenoid

= boost

= integrate

= gain 1:30 or 2:1 (typical)

= on-off

= analog/digital

= (for input/output see the following)

DESIGNATION SIGNAL
E Voltage
I Current (Electrical)
H Hand
O Electromagnetic
P Pneumatic, Pressure, Vacuum
R Radiation
MV Milivolts
A Analog
D Digital
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Notes:
1. The function designations associated with controllers, computing
devices, converters and relay may be used individually or in
combination (also, see Table 1, Note 14 of ISA-S5.1). The use of a box
avoids confusion by setting off the symbol from other markings on a
diagram and permits the function to be used as a stand-alone block on
conceptual designs.
2. See ISA-S5.1, Table 3 for math equation, graphic representation and
definition.

h. Control valve body and damper symbols

Reference to be made to article 6.4 of ISA-S5.1 with the following
additions:

i. Symbols for self-actuated regulators, valves, and other devices

See article 6.6 of ISA-S5.1.
See article 6.7 of ISA-S5.1.
See article 6.8 of ISA-S5.1.

j. Symbols for actuator action in event of actuator power failure

See article 6.7 of ISA S5.1

k. Primary element symbols

See article 6.8 of ISA S5.1

l. Actuator symbols
See article 6.5 of ISA-S5.1
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2. Piping and miscellaneous

a. General

SYMBOL 2DESCRIPTION
Main process line (arrow of 30o
indicates Direction of fluid flow )
Heat traced pipe line
Underground pipeline
Existing line
Future line
Vendor package
Jacketed or double containment
pipeline
Line crossing (connected)

Line crossing ( unconnected)

Lines junction

Drip funnel

Platform

Removable spool piece

Minimum distance spool piece

Indication of point of change:

a) change in slope
b) change in piping class
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c) change in responsibility

Outlet to the atmosphere for

steam / gas

Flow / motion in direction of arrow

Arrow for inlet or outlet of
essential substances

slope

Level reference

Limit , general

Contractor/ vendor

Battery limit
Hood , general

Distribution device for fluids ,

spray nozzle
Siphon with dip length
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SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Open vent

Siphon drain( seal leg)

Liquid seal, open

Liquid seal ,closed

Bursting disc

Sight glass

Level gage

Level gage on standpipe

Level gage magnetic float type

Level gage bull eye type

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SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Butt welded joint
Flanged joint

Screwed joint (arrow : 90o)

Socket welded joint
Socket and spigot joint
Compression joint

Swivel joint

End cap ,butt welded

End flanged and bolted
End cap ,fillet welded
(socket)
End cap ,screwed (arrow:
90o)
End closure, quick release

End socket and spi

End screwed and plugged

Quick coupling (hose
connection)
Union
Concentric reducer

Eccentric reducer (flush

bottom)
Eccentric reducer (flush
top)
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SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

Ring spacer

Spade blind

Hammer blind

Pressure blind in welded line

Standard socket weld line blind

union W/viton gasket

6 mm thick blind to blank off

equipment (vapor blind)

Standard socket weld line blind

union /flexitalicGaskets

spectacle blind ( normally open)

expansion bellow

sleeve extension

expansion loop

steam trap with built-in strainer (

thermostatic or thermodynamic
type)
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steam trap without built-in

strainer (thermostatic or
thermodynamic type)
steam trap with integral check
valve (bucket type)

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Desuperheater

Ejector

Jet mixer

Ring header

Flame arrestor (general)

Explosion-proof flame
arrestor (explosion comes
From the side of the
rectangular)
Detonation –proof flame
arrestor
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Fire –resistant detonation –

proof flame arrestor with
Outlet to the atmosphere
Fire- resistance flame
arresto

Silencer

Filter for compressor

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Bucket (basket) type strainer

Temporary strainer (cone type)

T-type strainer

Y-type strainer (with valved

drain)

Duplex strainer
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Pulsation dampener

Flexible hose with quick coupling

Filter (general)

Cartridge type filter

Propller mixer

In-line mixer (static)

Turbo mixer

Nozzle (blinded off)

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Loading arm (basic
symbol)

Pull box fire alarm ( alarm

button)
Hydrocarbon detector
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Halogen protected area

Portable extinguisher

Wheeled extinguisher

Foam cylinder (s)

Foam chamber

Insulation on equipment

Spray

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Manway

Swing elbow

Breather
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Emergency (safety)
shower equipped with no
freezing drain valve

Eye washer equipped with

no freezing drain valve

Vortex breaker

Exhaust head

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Sample connection (non
toxic gas ), see
Appendix G for details
(type 1)
Sample connection (toxic
gas or light liquid (RVP34.5
kPa) ,see appendix G for
details ,(type 2)
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sample connection [ hot oil

& low pour point (Ao C),
where A is determined in
the execution of basic
design phase for each
project].
Sample connection [ hot oil
& high pour point (Ao C),
where A is determined in
the execution of basic
design phase for each
project].

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Gate valve (basic symbol)

Globe valve

Check valve (general)

Gate valve blinded off

Angle valve

Ball valve

Four-way valve

Gate valve with body bleed

Butterfly valve
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Hydraulic control

Metering cock

Needle valve

Plug valve

S=solenoid valve
R= Manual reset when
indicated

Diaphragm valve

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Self contained regulator

Three-way valve

Spring loading valve

Control valve with hand

wheel

Rotary valve

Slide valve
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Knife valve

Post indicator valve

Piston valve
Y- type blow down valve

Y-type stop check valve

Y-type globe valve

Float valve

Motor operated valve

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Lift check valve
Swing check valve

Stop check

Stop check , non -return

valve
Trip valve (low lube oil
pressure)
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Relief valve ( angle

,vacuum

Relief valve ( angle

,pressure)

Flush bottom valve

Pressure/ vacuum valve

Foot valve with strainer

Damper valve

Jacketed gate valve

Jacketed globe valve

Gate valve with balance

hole (hole located lefte
side)

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Foot valve

Self draining valve

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Fire hydrant

Fire hydrant with monitor

Deluge valve

Fire monitor

Hydrant with water/foam

monitor

Yard hydrant

= Hose reel

Hose gouse

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Elevated fire monitor

Remote fire monitor

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Foam monitor

Elevated foam monitor

Remote foam monitor

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Equipment
1. Tower, column, vessel and reactor
a. Tower, column

Column
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Reactor

b. Horizontal vessel
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i) Horizontal vessel

ii) Horizontal Vessel With Boot

Dearator

Vessel with heating and/or cooling jacket

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Open vent with screen

Cone roof
(with agitator electric drive)

2. Strorage tanks

Open vent with screen

Floating roof
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Sphere

Note:
All tanks and spheres on each flow diagram have to be shown in Approximate
relative size to each other.

Internal (covered) floating tank with swing suction pipe float type
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Conical bottom tank

Concrete sump

3. Heaters, exchangers, air coolers and water coolers

a. Heaters
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i) Furnace (basic symbol)

ii) Fired heater (box or cylindrical type) with convection section

iii) Electrical heater

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iv) Tank heater

Tank suction heater Coil banks for different

duties in waste heat
boiler

b. Exchangers water coolers and reboilers

Shell and tube heat exchanger (basic symbol)

Heat exchanger/ cooler/

condenser with floating head

Heat exchanger/ cooler/

condenser U Type

Heat exchanger/ cooler/

condenser fixed tube sheet

Cooler/ condenser with

floating head and cover plate
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Horizontal reboiler fixed tube

sheet

Kettle type reboiler U tube

Kettle type vaporizer floating

head

Kettle type vaporizer fixed

tube sheet

Kettle type reboiler U-tube type (general configuration)

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Vertical shell-tube heat exchanger (general)

The configuration shall be consistent with actual heat exchanger head
type

Double pipe heat exchanger

Plate type heat exchanger Spiral type heat exchanger

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Vaporizer Box cooler

Stab-in exchanger

c. Air coolers

Note:
1) Indicate percentage of fans with automatic-variable pitch.
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d. Film evaporator

Film evaporator

Film evaporator with electric motor

4. Machinery
a. Pumps

Centrifugal pump
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Rotary pump
(gear pump)

Reciprocating pump

Multi-stage or high pressure pump (barrel type)

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Centrifugal in line pump

Vertical can centrifugal pump

Deep well pump

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Sump pump (for corrosive service)

Wet pit sump pump (for non-corrosive service)

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b. Compressors and fans

Centrifugal compressor

Reciprocating compressor (single stage)

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Reciprocating compressor (multiple stage)

Fan (blower)

Rotary compressor

c. General symbols for drivers

Electric motor general Combustion engine Gear box

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Diesel motor Gas turbine motor

5. Miscellaneous mechanical equipment

a. Crusher

Roll crusher Hammermill crusher

Cone crusher Jaw crusher

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Gyratory crusher

b. Screen

Inclined single deck vibrating screen

Inclined double deck vibrating screen

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Horizontal single deck vibrating screen

Screen bed

Revolving screen

Belt conveyor Chain conveyor

general

Roller gravity conveyor Roller motorized conveyor

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Chute or through gravity conveyor

Vibrator or shaker conveyor

Belt elevator conveyor

Bucket elevator conveyor

Can conveyor
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c. Drier

Drier (general symbol)

Belt drier

Rotary drier

Drying oven

Batch tray drier

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Agitated batch drier

Drum drier

Continuous tray drier

Spray drier

Flash drier
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Fluidized bed drier

Film drier, rotary filter or flaker

Disk drier, moving shelf drier, turbodrier

d. Centrifuge

Horizontal peeler type centrifuge

Disk bowl type centrifuge

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Centrifuge, general Centrifuge with solid cell

Centrifuge with solid cell and electric motor

Centrifuge with perforated cell Disk-type centrifuge

Disk-type separator

Screw-type centrifuge Fusher centrifuge

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Screw-type centrifuge with perforated shell

e. Mill

Mill, General Hammer mill Impact mill Jet mill

Impact mill

Roller mill Vibration mill Jet mill with solid

and gas flow connection

f. Agitator (Mixer)

Agitator, general Flat-blade paddle agitator Gate

paddle
Stirrer, general agitator
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Cross beam agitator Anchor agitator

Helical agitator Impeller agitator

Propeller agitator Disk agitator Turbine agitator

Vessel with agitator driven by electronic motor

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g. Extruder

Screw-type extruder Extruder Screw-type extruder

Driven by electric motor

Extruder with face cutting

h. Separator

Separator, general Impact separator Gravity separator,

Settling chamber

Separator, wet scrubber Separator, dry

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Electrostatic precipitator Electromagnetic separator

Centrifugal separator Venturi scrubber Electrostatic

Rotary separator, cyclone Venturi separator Precipitator, wet

i. Filter

Liquid filter, general Rotary drum filter, Bed filter

Rotary disk filter for fluids
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Basket filter

Ion exchanger filter Activated carbon

filter

Vertical-plate pressure filter Horizontal-plate pressure filter

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Gas filter, general Bag filter, cartridge

Air filter, general Filter for gases

Packed-bed filter for gases High-efficiency submicron Belt filter

particulate air filter (HEPA)
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j. Bulk loading

Articulated loading arm

(road/rail car loading)

Telescopic loading lance

(road/rail car loading)

Marine loading arm

Marine loading arm with

emergency release system

k. Other miscellaneous equipment

Rotary kiln
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Autoclave

Cyclone and hydrocyclone

Size reduction (basic symbol)

Breaker gyratory

Ribbon blender

Double cone blender

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Kneader

Pelletizer

Grinder

Scales, general Weighing platform, Weighing platform, floor

Weigh bridge scales, weight bridge

Portable drum Gas cylinder

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Firing system, burner Stack, chimney,

general

Bulk storage Electrolysis cell,

general

Roller press Piston press Pelletizing disk

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Clarifier with two motor driver (typical)

Flight scrappers Vortex oil

Tank ccar, tank wagon Box truck Ship

Floating oil skimmer

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Thickener with steam oil (if required)

Diverter valve Multiple diverter

Concrete/Birck/Soil

Brickwork

Concrete (reinforced)

Refractory clay,
Refractory bricks

Soil
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APPENDIX B

REFERENCE BLOCKS ON P&IDS

1. Reference blocks at the bottom of the drawing (only to be used for process
and instrument lines routing over the subject Unit battery limit).

2. Reference blocks at the side of drawing (only to be used for process and
instrument lines inside the same Unit).
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3. Reference arrows for instrument, control system and software linkage signals
at the inside of drawing (for the signals terminating or originating at the side
or bottom of drawing see items 1 and 2 above).
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APPENDIX C

UTILITIES IDENTIFICATION TABLE (TYPICAL)

UTILITIES IDENTIFICATION
REF. REF. REF.
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DWG DWG DWG
FWA Fire water HPS HP Steam FLR Flare discharge
DWA Drinking water MPS MP Steam IA Instrum ent ai r
Deminerized
DMW LPS LP Steam PA Plant air
water
Plant water Low Low
PWA LLPS NIT Nitrogen
(service water) Pressure Steam
RWA Raw water HPC HP Condensate RFO Refinery fuel oil
Hp boiler feed
HBW MPC MP Condensate FLG Fuel gas
water
Mp boiler feed
MBW LPC LP Condensate NG Natural gas
water
Cooling water
CWS COC Cold condensate
supply
Cooling water
CWR BFW Boiler feed work
return
Refrigerated
RFW
water
BFW Boiler feed water
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APPENDIX D

NOZZLES IDENTIFICATIONS ON VESSELS, REACTORS AND TOWERS

The following symbols will be used for identification of the nozzles:

Nozzle Identification Symbol

A,A2 Inlets
B Outlet
C Condensate
D Drain or Draw-off
E*
F Feed
G Level gage or gage glass
H Handhole
J Pumpout
K*
L Level instrument (also LT, LI)
M Manhole
N Reboiler connection
P Pressure connection (also PT, PI)
R Reflux
S Steam or sample connection
T Temperature connection (also TI, TE, TW)
V Vapor or vent
W Relief valve connection
(Oversize unless actual size known)

* Use E or K when non of the other symbols apply.

Do not use I, O, Q, U, X, Y, or Z.
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APPENDIX E

PRESSURE RATINGS DESIGNATIONS-NOMINAL SIZE (IMPERIAL-METRIC)

IMPERIAL-METRIC

Pressure Classes DN Designation

150 20
300 50
400 68
600 100
900 150
1500 250
2500 420
4500 760

Equivalent pressure ratings designations

IMPERIAL METRIC

Rating designations which have not exact equivalents

Notes:
1) As per ASME B16.1 for cast iron valves.
2) As per API 602 for steel valves.
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APPENDIX F

PIPE COMPONENT-NOMINAL SIZE

The purpose of this Appendix is to present an equivalent identity for the piping
components nominal size in SI system and imperial unit system, in accordance
with ISO 6708-1980.

Pipe Component-Nominal Size (Metric- Imperial)

NOMINAL SIZE NOMINAL SIZE NOMINAL SIZE NOMINAL SIZE

DN(1) NPS(2) DN NPS DN NPS DN NPS
6 ¼ 100 4 600 24 1100 44
15 ½ 125 5 650 26 1150 46
20 ¾ 150 6 700 28 1200 48
25 1 200 8 750 30 1300 52
32 11/4 250 10 800 32 1400 56
40 11/2 300 12 850 34 1500 60
50 2 350 14 900 36 1800 72
65 21/2 400 16 950 38
80 3 450 18 1000 40
90 31/2 500 20 1050 42

1) Diameter Nominal, mm.

2) Nominal pipe Size. Inch.
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APPENDIX G

TYPICAL SAMPLE CONNECTION DETAILS

FOR GASES AND LIGHT LIQUIDS
(RVP ≥ 34.5 KPa)

Type 1. Non-Toxic gas

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Type 2. Non-Toxic gas

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SPECIFICATIONS)

APPENDIX H

BLOCK AND BYPASS VALVES FOR CONTROL VALVE

Without Block and Bypass Valves

Block and bypass valve system may not be necessary where the process can be
shut-down to repair the control valve without significant economic loss or where
the process can not be feasibly operated through the bypass. However, the
consequences of shutting down a process Unit to perform a simple task ( such as
replacing control valve packing) should always be considered. In cases where
the block and bypass valves are not used, the control valve should be equipped
with a hand wheel or other operating devices.
Block and bypass valves are not always necessary in the following cases:
1. In instances where it is desirable to reduce the sources of leakage of
hazardous fluids, such as hydrogen, phenol, or hydrofluoric acid;
2. In clean service whererating conditions are mild, and o valves will not
jeopardize the safety or operability of the Unit;
3. In temporary services such as start-up or shut-down, and where the other
operation modes are possible while the repairing of control valve, such as
blending system of oil;
4. Pressure self regulating valves;
5. Shut-off valves

With Block and Bypass Valves

The following services should be provided with block and bypass valves:
1. Services where omission of valves will jeopardize the safety or operability of
the Unit;
2. Services containing abrasive solids or corrosive fluids result in damage of
trim of control valve, and require the repair;
3. In lethal services;
4. In product rundown and feed supplying services;
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5. In fuel supply system;

6. In cooling medium supply service; Control valves less than DN 50 (2 inch)
size. The block and bypass valves are required due to small diameter of trim,
and may have a possibility of plugging of sludge or foreign matters;
7. In services that are flashing or at high differential pressure.

Additional Requirements for Control Valves

Notwithstanding the requirements outlined above the following notes should also
be considered:
1. Provide an upstream isolation valve for all control valves unless the upstream
system is to be shutdown on control valve failure.
2. Provide a downstream isolation valve whenever the downstream side of the
control valve can not be isolated from other continuously operating pressure
sources.
3. Provide a drain valve upstream of all control valves.
4. Provide a drain valve downstream of the control valve only when the process
fluid is toxic or corrosive and for tight shut-off services and fail to close valve.
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APPENDIX I

PHILOSOPHY OF INSTRUMENTATION INSTALLATION

Flow and Quantity

Sufficient flow metering, temperature and pressure indications shall be installed

in feed, rundown, and utility streams to provide information for the operation and
the calculation of heat, pressure and material balances for each individual Unit.

Alarm and Safeguarding System

If failure of any piece of plant equipment or its associated instrumentation may

give rise to hazards for personnel, to consequence with considerable economic
loss, or to undue environmental pollution, alarm and/or safeguarding instruments
shall be installed. Where appropriate, safeguarding equipment shall be
automatically bring the relevant plant or part of the plant to a safe condition
when a desired measurement reaches an unacceptable value.

Separate Instrument Connections

Depending on potential hazards, operational importance, instrument reliability,

plugging of connections, etc, the need for separate connections from those for
normal operation shall be decided upon in the design stage and indicated on
P&IDs.
Separate connections are especially required for instrument of shut-down
systems, such as:
- High or Low pressure point which actuate shut-down system.
- High or Low temperature connection which actuate shut-down system.
- High High or Low Low Level connection which actuate shut-down system.
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APPENDIX J

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

(P &IDS) IN BASIC DESIGN STAGE

P &IDs shall comprise but not limited to the following items:

Note:

All details shall be consistent with the relevant process flow diagram and other
process documents.
1. All process equipment including installed stand-by equipment.
2. Insulation equipments of lines (heat conservation, process stabilization or
"not insulated") shall be shown on the P & ID.
3. Equipment, instruments or piping which are traced, jacketed or insulated.
4. Tower and vertical drum elevations from ground and tangent line elevations.
5. Horizontal drum minimum elevations and slope.
6. Relative elevations of all equipment and piping where gravity or 2- phase
flow is taking place, e.g. reboilers. Condensers, seal pots.
7. Equipment characteristic parameters dimension plus design temperature,
pressure and material of construction shall be given at the top of the P &ID.
8. Required line slope, relative, location of equipment or special conditions such
ad required vertical loop dimensions, gravity lines with or without pockets,
etc.
9. Vents and drains required for process or operating reasons (not hydraulic
testing).
10. Steam, hot water or solvent tracing of lines and instruments.
11. Gas or liquid purging or flushing of control valves, instruments or relief
valves, including their inlet and outlet isolating valves.
12. All start 0 up, by- pass, shutdown and emergency lines and lines for
anticipated alternative operations.
13. All instruments required for proper operation of the PLANT.
14. Instrumentation control loops including interlocks, sequence and emergency
shutdown.
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15. Control valves response on air failure.

16. Instrument tag numbers.
17. Process specific installation position of piping components (if applicable).
18. Kind and item number of special components.
19. Battery limited of each UTILITYUNITS/ OFF- site.
20. Measuring and control signals transmission.
21. Flow direction of signals when combining several measuring and control
circuits.
22. Electrical consumers other than motors, such ad electrical heat tracings and
heating systems.
23. Kind of signal or specific representation of signaling lines, such as
pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, function line, capillary tubing.
24. The identification number and service presentation shown for each piece of
equipment. This information shall be indicated in or adjacent to rowers,
drums, heaters, tanks, heat exchangers and etc.
25. Equipment description as follows all equipment:
Note:
Equipment description of towers, vessels, tanks, furnaces, exchangers,
mixers, and other equipment except machinery shall be located along the top
of the flow diagram. Machinery descriptions shall be along the bottom.
a. Vessels, Reactors, Towers, Tanks and Drums:
i) Item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the vessel),
ii) Service,
iii) Dimensions: (ID and length (T/T) or height (for tanks),
iv) Design pressure (internal/external) and design temperature,
v) Indication of insulation and type,
vi) Nominal capacity (fir tanks),
vii) Indication of cladding and lining (if any).
b. Fired heaters, boilers and incinerators:
i) Item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the equipment).
ii) Service,
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iii) Duty (kj/s),

iv) Design pressure and design temperature of coils.
c. Heat exchangers, air coolers and reboilers:
i) Item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the equipment).
ii) Service,
iii) Duty (kj/s),
iv) Design pressure (internal and external) and design temperature of
shell side and tube side,
v) Indication of insulation, fire proofing and type,
d. Rotary machinery:
i) Item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the equipment).
ii) Service,
iii) Capacity (pumps: m3/h; compressors: Nm3/h),
iv) Differential pressure, (bar),
v) Relative density (Sp. Gr.) at flowing temperature,
vi) Indication of insulation tracing.
e. Other miscellaneous equipment:
i) Item number (this number will also appear adjacent to the equipment).
ii) Service,
iii) Capacity,
iv) Differential pressure and temperature,
v) Indication of insulation or tracing.
26. Equipment indication as follows:
a. Heat exchangers, reboilers and heaters:
i) All nozzles, instrument connection, drains and vents (excluding high
point vents and low point drains), chemical connection and safety relief
valves as indicated on the equipment data sheet,
ii) Spectacle blinds for the isolation,
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iii) Elevation required for process reasons, Thermo wells shall be provided
between each shell side and tube side of the same services when
exchangers are in series,
iv) The position of high liquid level (HLL), normal liquid level (NLL) and
low liquid level (LLL) for kettle type reboilers,
v) Direction of flow each side of exchanger.
b. Air coolers:
i) All nozzles, instrument connection, drains and vents,
ii) Blinds for the isolation,
iii) Any automatic control (fan pitch control or louver control) and any
alarm (vibration alarm, etc),
iv) Configuration of inlet and outlet headers and the branches,
v) Steam coil and condensate recovery system (if required),
vi) Isolation valves (if required),
vii) Valved vent and valved drain connection for each header (in detail
design stage),
viii) A board mounted TI at inlet and outlet. Thermo wells shall be
provided on the outlet of each bundle for bundles.
c. Vessels, Reactors, Towers and Drums:
i) Tray numbers, top and bottom trays and those trays witch are
necessary to locate feed, reflux and product lines. Trays shall be
numbered from bottom to top,
ii) All draw-off trays with tray no. And diagrammatic representation of
the down-comer position (e.g., side of center),
iii) Changes of shell diameter (if any),
iv) All nozzles, manholes, instrument connection, drains, vents, pump-
out and steam0out connection, blank-off ventilation, vortex breakers,
safety relief valve connection, sample connection and handholes. All
nozzles and connection shall be shown in correct position as
indicated in the equipment data sheet,
v) Skirt or legs, top and bottom tangent lines,
vi) Insulation/fire proofing requirement,
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vii) Minimum elevation required by process reasons above base line to

bottom tangent line of column of to bottom of horizontal drum,
viii) The position of high high liquid level (HHKK), high liquid level (HLL),
normal liquid level (NLL), low liquid level (LLL) and low low liquid
level (LLLL),
ix) All flanged connections,
x) Catalyst beds, packing, demisters, chimney trays, distributors, grids,
baffles, rotating discs, mixers, cyclones, and all other internals,
xi) Water dropout boots,
xii) Maintenance blinds for the vessel nozzles,
xiii) A valved drain with blind flange for all columns and vessels,
xiv) A valved vent with blind flange provided on the top for all columns
and vessels,
xv) Utility connection on all vessels and columns,
xvi) One PI on top of all vessels and columns,
xvii) One TI on the top outlet of vessels and columns.
d. Rotary machinery (Pumps, blowers and compressors):
i) All nozzles including instrument connection, valved drains and valved
vents (excluding vendor information),
ii) Suction valve and strainer, discharge valve and check valve,
iii) Type of the machinery,
iv) Minimum bypass line for pumps (where required),
v) Winterization and/or heat conservation/safety insulation,
vi) Warm-up and flushing oil lines details
vii) Pressure gauge located on the discharge,
viii) Pressure relief safety valve (if any),
ix) Automatic start-up of standby unit (if required),
x) Balances or equalized line for vacuum service,
xi) Any start-up facilities for compressors and blowers,
xii) Suction and discharge pulsation where required for compressors,
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xiii) Interstage coolers where required for compressors.

e. Fired heaters, boilers and incinerators:
i) All nozzles, instrument connection, drains vents and dampers,
ii) Ducting arrangement including damper actuators where required,
iii) Detail of draft gauges piping and arrangement,
iv) Waste heat recovery system (if required), such as economizer, air
preheater, forced draft fan, induced draft tan, etc,
v) Decoking connection (if required),
vi) Detail of one complete set of burners for each cell and total burner
number required for each type of burner. The fuel to the burners and
relevant piping and control valves shall be as per the Employer’s
standard drawing,
vii) Tube coils schematically in correct relative position and all skin point
thermocouples,
viii) Logic diagram of shut down system (heat of sequence),
ix) Blinds for the isolation,
x) Number of passes and control arrangements,
xi) Blow-down and steam out connection,
xii) Testing facilities,
xiii) Convection section (where applicable).
f. Instrumentation:
i) All instrumentation including test point,
ii) Block and bypass valve sizes at control valve station,
iii) Control valve sizes and air failure action (FC, FO, FL),
iv) Level switches connection type and level gauges/transmitters
connection type, range and center of float (where NLL is not shown),
v) Sequence of opening and closing for the split range control valves,
vi) Solenoid shut-down devices at control valves/shut-off valves,
vii) Tight shut-off valves requirements (where requirement),
viii) Hand wheels when provided on control valves,
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ix) Limit switches on control valves when required,

x) Mechanical stopper and/or signal stopper on control valves when
required (from process point of view), Push buttons and switches
associated with the control and shut-down systems,
xi) The instrument gag number for each instrument,
xii) Analyzer special notes as required,
xiii) Winterization of instruments,
xiv) Compressor local board mounted instrumentation (excluding vendor
information),
xv) Software linkage and alarm and shut-down logic system. Complex
shut-down systems shall be shown as a "black box" with reference
made to the logic diagram shown on a separate sheet, All actuating
and actuated devices shall be connected the "black box"
xvi) All elements of advance control and optimization system,
xvii) Indication of :Readable/Visible From" for all local indicators (receiver
instruments) and/of gages which shall be readable/visible from d
designated valve,
xviii) Flow and temperature primary elements type with their relevant tag
numbers.
g. Piping:
i) General
 All piping shall be shown on P&I Diagrams, including:
- Process lines:
- Utility/common facility branch lines (e.g., sealing and flushing
lines, cooling water lines, Steam-out lines and connection,
nitrogen lines, etc.);
- Flare lines, including safety/relief valves discharge lines;
- Start-up and shut-down lines;
- Pump-out lines;
- Drain and vent lines and connection (excluding high point vents
and low point drains which shall be provided during EPC
phase);
- Purge and steam-out facilities;
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- Catalyst regeneration lines;

- Catalyst sulphiding lines;
- Catalyst sulphiding lines;
- Equipment and control valve bypasses;
- Detail of spool pieces, equipment internals, etc., when required;
- Steam tracing and steam jacketing (only process requirement).
 All line numbers, sizes and line material classification shall be
shown.
 The direction of normal flow shall be shown for all lines.
 All blinds shall be indicated on the drawings.
 All vent and drain connections shall be identified whether screw
screw capped or blind flanged, if required.
 Steam traced lines and steam jacketed lines shall be so indicated.
 All equipment flanges, all reducers and non-standard fitting, such as
expansion bellows, flexible tubes, shall be shown.
 All valves shall be shown by a symbol representing the type of
valve. Any special orientation or location required for process
reason and/or operability shall be shown. It is not necessary to
show flanges at flanged valves except for those cases were the
flanges deviate from the piping specification for the line in question,
in which case flange and rating shall be shown. Any isolating valve
shall be shown licked, normally open or closed.
 Control valve sizes shall be shown.
 All valves shown on the flow diagram shall have their size indicated
by the valve, if different from line size.
 Insulation and tracing requirements and type shall be covered in the
line numbering system and shown above the line. Tracing
requirement shall be noted on P &IDs by a dashed line parallel to
the line to be traced.
 Valve boxes/valve pins shall be shown by two embraced squares or
rectangulars with indication of "Valve Box" of "Valve Pit".
 Safety relief valves (including rupture disks) type, inlet and outlet
size and rating and set pressure should be shown, Number of
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safety valve required shall be according to the latest safety rules

and standards, now in vague.
 High point vents and low point drains are shown only when they are
connected to a closed system, or are required for process reasons.
 Utility lines originate and terminate adjacent to the equipment
involved shall be shown. Only the length of line necessary for
valving, instrumentation and line numbering is shown. Utility line
origin and terminus are indicated by reference symbol or
abbreviation only. Main utility headers are not shown on the P &IDs;
they are shown on the Utility Distribution Flow Diagrams.
 Pertinent information regarding a line such as "do not pocket" or
"slope". Etc., shall be noted adjacent to the line.
 Typical air cooler manifold piping arrangement shall be shown.
 Connections on process lines which require be blanking or
deblanking for flow direction under special circumstances to be
shown on P &ID.
 Reduction and enlargement in line size are indicated by line size
designation, and reducer and expander symbols.
 Corrosion allowances other than the nominal allowances indicated
in the individual line classes shall be shown on the diagrams.
 All operating drains shall be noted and sized on the flow diagrams
and shall be routed to a drain funnel. Destination of the drains shall
be according to the relevant Employer’s specifications/standards.
All drains carrying light hydrocarbons (Reid vapor pressure 34.5
kPa absolute or greater) shall be segregated from the oily sewer
system, and shall be connected to the flare system.
 Sample and test connections shall be shown on the diagrams
where required. Samples, which require cooling and connections to
the flare, shall be shown with the cooling and flare lines
connections.
 Any locations where slopes, straight runs, minimum mixing rung,
etc., are required for process reasons must be indicated.
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 The necessary instrumentation and piping for start-up, control and

shut-down, etc., should be shown for any equipment on P &ID
where applicable.
 Break points between underground and aboveground piping with
insulating flanges (if required) shall be shown.
ii) Piping specialty items
 Piping components not identified by instrument of mechanical
equipment numbers, etc., and not covered by the piping material
specification, shall be identified by assigning a Specialty Item
Number an Item Code Number for identification symbol and shall be
shown on the diagrams.
 Symbol "M" standing for "Monel Trim" should be mentioned on the
valves on the P &IDs in services where there is a possibility of
condensed water and H2S being present except for the line classes
which provide monel trim valves and other features. Where it is
intended that the whole line should have monel trim valves it should
also be indicated on the line list.
 ASME and non ASME Code change should be indicated for
connection wherever applicable (in detail engineering stage).
 Steam trap and the relevant steam and condensate lines to be
shown for all steam reboilers, heaters, coils, etc.
iii) General Notes
General notes to be put on the front sheet of P &I Diagrams of each
"Unit" under title of "General Notes". Rererence should be made to the
front sheet drawing No. Showing "General Notes", on each P7I
Diagram.
 The following general notes shall be specified as minimum
requirement:
- All dimensions are in millimeters except as noted.
- Elevations shown are above the highest point of paving.
- All valves are line size unless unless otherwise shown.
- This flow diagram is diagrammatic only. Design of pipe lines
must be investigated for venting of gas and vapor pockets in
piping and equipment, low points in piping, pumps and
equipment for freezing and draining and accessibility of all
valves, flanges and instruments including thermocouples etc.
- All electronic instrumentation shall be installed away from steam
lines and high temperature heat sources.
- For level transmitter center of float is NLL. The range shall cover
the difference between LLL & HLL.
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- Sample tappings for gas samples shall be from the top of the
main line. For liquid samples tapping shall be done from the
side.
- Except for process reasons, low point drains and high point
vents are not shown
- All items marked (PU) can be supplied as part of package Units.
- Temperature instruments shown with "M" are provided with
Monel well.
 The following general notes may be specified required:
o Piping drains and vents (if applicable for process reasons): Low
point drains and high point vents piping shall be provided in
accordance with the following requirements:
(a) Drains for all sizes:
- Alloy piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with blind flange,
based on the fluid, operating condition and valid
standards.
- Carbon steel piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with
threaded plug, based on the fluid, operating condition
and valid standards.
(b) Vents for DN 50 (2 inch) and larger:
High point vent shall be provide for the DN 50 (2 inch) and
larger. Size and type are based on the following:
- Alloy piping: DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve with blind flange,
based on the fluid, operating condition and valid
standards;
- Carbon steel piping: DN 20(¾ inch) gate valve with
threaded plug, based on the fluid, operating condition
and valid standards;
- The vent provided for hydrostatic testing shall be DN
20(¾ inch) boss with threaded plug based on the fluid,
operating condition and valid standards.
o Block valves on orifice tap (in detail engineering stage):
- DN 15 (½inch) single gate valve shall be provided for the all
orifices of the piping class of PN 100 (600#) and less.
- DN 20 (¾inch) single gate valve shall be provided for the all
orifices of the piping class of PN 150 (900#) and over:
o Drain valve of level gages and instruments (in detail
engineering stage):
- Drin valves [DN 20 (¾ inch) gate valve] shall be provided.
- The provisions should be made for routing the drain of
liquids with RVP of greater that 34.5 kPa (abs) to flare).
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iv) Assembly Piping of Pumps (where applicable for process reasons):

 Valve size selection basis for pumps:
Generally, the size is likely between pump suction line and pump
suction nozzle size, or pump discharge line and pump discharge
nozzle sizes. In case that, pump nozzle is one or more sizes
smaller than the line size, the size of block valve shall be in
accordance with the following:
NOZZLE BLOCK VALVE
At pump suction 1- One size smaller than line 1- Same as suction line size
2- Two or more sizes smaller 2- Select One size smaller than
than line line
At pump discharge Smaller than discharge line Select one size smaller than line

 Pump strainer:
The suction strainer of pumps shall be selected in accordance with
the following criteria:
LINE SIZE STRAINER TYPE
DN 80 (3 inch) and larger T
DN 50 (2 inch) and smaller Y

Strainers DN 150 (6 inch) and larger shall have DN 25 (one inch)

drain valve.
 Pump vent and drains:
Vent gas from pump casing drains and vents shall be routed to
closed system such as flare for the following services:
- Fluids contain toxic material;
- Fluids with a Reid vapor pressure greater than 34.5 kPa (abs)
at pump operating temperature.
In addition to the above, the vent of casing for the vacuum service
should be routed back to the suction vessel to make out the
pressure balance prior to the pump operation. Drain of
hydrocarbon pump shall also have disposal to oil water sewer in all
cases in addition to the above requirement unless otherwise
specified.
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 Warming-Up line:
The provisions for warming-up of pump is required for the pump
operated at 170ºc and higher when the process fluid solidifies at
ambient condition or the fluid are corrosive toxic.
 Auxiliary piping of pump:
Details of auxiliary piping such as, cooling water, plant water, steam
and condensate, mechanical seal flush fluid, which are required as
per pump data sheet shall be shown on a separate drawing.
Reference to the auxiliary piping drawing shall be noted under the
pump description (in detail engineering stage).
v) Steam-out, Drain and Vent for Vessels:
 Size and requirement of steam-out, vent and drain nozzles of
vessels shall according to the requirements stipulated in the
Employer’s requirements (design criteria of “Basic Engineering
Design Data”). The vent valve shall be directly mounted on the vent
nozzle with blind flange.
 In addition to the vents required above, a blanked off ventilation
nozzle as requested in the Employer’s design criteria shall be
provided on the top of the all horizontal vessels near the end the
end opposite the man way.
 Vent connections must be located on top of the vertical and
horizontal vessels.
 The drain valve sill be provided as follows:
- For low pressure services, up to design pressure of 3800 kPa,
provide single block valve with blind plate.
- For high pressure services over design pressure of 3800 kPa,
or where the nature of liquid requires it, provide double block
valves with blind plate.
vi) Bypass for Safety/Relief Valve:
The bypass shall be provided for venting the hydrocarbon gas or toxic
gas to flare system while plant shut-down or start-up. Provision of
bypass shall be as per following criteria:
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 Vessels:
Bypass shall be provided unless otherwise specified in the relevant
Company ̀s specifications.
 Piping/Equipment:
o Gas service:
- If there is other purge line to flare on same stream line,
bypass is not required for safety/relief valve.
- In case of no purge line to flare for toxic or flammable
hydrocarbon, bypass valve shall be provided. The size of
bypass valve and line shall be same as the vent size of
piping/equipment.
o Liquid service:
Bypass valves are generally not provided for liquid service
unless otherwise specified.
vii) Line numbering:
 For line numbering system reference should be made to the
Employer’s line numbering specification.
 Line numbers shall be assigned to all lines with the following origins
and destinations:
- From individual equipment item to individual equipment item;
- From individual equipment item and vice versa. Another
number is required for the line located at the downstream of
equipment;
- From line to line (exceptions: control valve bypass, block valve
warm-up and equalizing bypasses, and safety relief valve
bypass;
- From unique equipment to the same unique equipment item
(except level standpipes);
- From line or equipment to atmosphere, funnel, of closed
drainage system (exception: continuous process vent stacks
and process drains).
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 Pipeline numbers shall be prefixed, from source to Unit battery limit

with the Unit number of the Unit of origin.
 A new line number is requires when the pipe design condition can
very (e.g., downstream of the control valve assembly) or when a
new piping class is to be specified.