BEL II/II

Tutorial #2
Transformer
(Electric Machine)

QN1 A 50 kVA, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 500 turns on primary winding and 100 turns on
secondary winding. The primary winding is supplied by 3000V, 50 Hz ac voltage with full
resistive load connected on secondary side. Calculate:
i) Emf induced in secondary winding
ii) Primary and secondary windings currents
iii) Maximum flux in the core.
Assume that it is an ideal transformer. [Ans: 600V, 16.66A, 83.33A, 27.02mwb]

QN.2 Explain the no-load and loaded operation of a ideal transformer. Prove that the flux in the
transformer core remains constant irrespective of change in load.

QN.3 Draw the phasor diagram for ideal and real transformer for inductive and capacitive loads.

QN.4 A step up transformer supplies a current of 5 amp to the load at 200 V. The power factor of the
load is 0.8 lagging. Given that R1 = 0.5 ohm, X1 = 1 ohm, R2 = 2 ohm, X2 = 4 ohm, k = 2,
R0 = 450ohms and X0 = 250 ohms. Calculate the magnitude and phase of V1 and I1 with V2 as
reference phasor and calculate the input power factor.
[V1 = 129.986.50 V, I1 = 10.56-37.880 A and input pf = 0.71 lagging]

QN.5 What are the various types of power losses in transformer? Derive the condition for maximum
efficiency.

QN.6 A 230V/ 2300V single-phase transformer is excited by 230V ac voltage. The equivalent
resistance and reactance referred to primary side are 0.1 ohm and 0.4 ohm respectively.
Given that R0 = 500 ohms and X0 = 200 ohms. The load impedance is (400 + j600) ohm.
Calculate: a) Primary current b) Secondary terminal voltage c) Input power factor
[I1 = 30 A V2 = 2075.4V, and input pf = 0.52 lagging]

QN.7 Derive the Emf Equation E2=4.44fN2Øm for emf induced in secondary winding of a transformer.
Symbols have their usual meanings.

QN.8 A 25 kVA, 6600V/ 250V single phase transformer has the following parameters:
R1 = 8 ohm, X1 = 15 ohm, R2 = 0.02 ohm, X2 = 0.05 ohm.
Calculate the full load voltage regulation at a power factor a) 0.8 lag b) unity c) 0.8 lead.
[2.7 %, 1.3 % and -0.782 %]

QN.9 The flux in the transformer core remains practically constant from no load to full load. Justify the
statement.

QN.10 Define 'Voltage regulation' and 'efficiency' of a transformer.

QN.11. What are the conditions to be met for parallel operation of the single phase transformers.

QN.12 Explain why the no-load current of transformer is non sinusoidal. Why the core of transformer is
laminated.
BEL II/II

Tutorial #3
Transformer
(Electric Machine)

QN1 What are the purpose of SC and OC test in a transformer. Explain the tests that are performed on
a transformer.
QN2 A 20 kVA, 250V/2500V, 50Hz single phase transformer gave the following test results:

No-load test (on L.V. side): 250V, 1.4 A, 105 watts

Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters referred to primary side and draw the equivalent
circuit. [Ro = 595.2 ohm, Xo = 187.26 ohm, R01 = 0.05 ohm and X01 = 0.14 ohm]

QN 3 A single-phase 50 Hz transformer has 100 turns on primary and 400 turns on secondary winding.
The net cross-section area of the core is 250 cm2. If the primary winding is connected to a 230 V,
50 Hz supply, determine (a) the emf induced in the secondary winding and (b) the maximum and
rms value of the flux density in the core. [920 V, 0.414 Wb/m2, 0.293 Wb/m2]

QN.4 What do you mean by instruement transformer. Explain P.T and C.T.

QN. 5 The secondary of CT should not be kept open while primary is being energized why?

QN .6 The no-load current of a transformer is 15 A at a p.f. of 0.2 when connected to a 460 V, 50 Hz

QN.7 A 2000V/400V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer draws 2 A at a p.f. of 0.2 lagging when it has no-
load. Calculate the primary current and p.f. When secondary current is 200 A at a p.f. of 0.8
lagging. Assume the voltage drop in the winding to be neglected. [41.52 A, 0.78]

QN 8. A 100 KVA, 1100/230V, 50 Hz transformer has an HV winding resistance of 0.1Ω and a leakage
reactance of 0.4 Ω. The low voltage winding has a resistance of 0.006Ω and a leakage reactance
of 0.01 Ω. Find the equivalent winding resistance, reactance and impedance referred to HV and
LV side. [(0.237+j0.629) Ω, (0.0643+j0.0275) Ω]

QN.9 A 50 KVA, 2200/110V transformer when tested gave the following results:
OC test: 400 W 10 A 110 V
SC test: 808 W 20.5 A 90 V
Compute all the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to HV and LV sides of the
transformer. Draw the equivalent circuits also.
[HV side: 12120Ω, 4723.2Ω, 1.932Ω, 3.946Ω; LV side: 30.30Ω, 11.80Ω, 4.808*10-3Ω, 9.865*10-3Ω]

QN.10 A 1000/500V 1-phase transformer draws a current of 2.4 A at no-load with a p.f. of 0.35 lagging .
With secondary terminals short circuited by a thick wire, the primary winding is supplied by an
ac voltage of 80 V, the transformer draws a current of 25 A and consumes 250 W. Calculate the
equivalent circuit parameters referred to secondary side and draw the equivalent circuit.
[595.23Ω, 222.22Ω, 0.1Ω, 0.7925Ω]
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Tutorial #4
Transformer
(Electric Machine)

QN1 With the secondary short circuited, if 200 V is applied to a 200 KVA, 1-phase, 3300/400 V
transformer, the current through primary was the full load value and the input power was 1650 W.
Calculate the secondary p. d. and percentage regulation when the secondary load is passing 300 A
at 0.707 p.f. lagging with normal primary voltage. [388.41 V, 2.896%]

QN2 A 500 KVA, 50 Hz, 6600V/400V, 1- phase transformer have primary and secondary winding
resistances are 0.4 Ω and 0.001 Ω respectively. If the iron loss is 3.0 KW, calculate the efficiency
at (a) full load (b) half full load. [98.64%, 98.438%]

QN3. A 200 KVA transformer has an efficiency of 98% at full load. If the maximum efficiency occurs
at three quarters of full load, calculate the efficiency at half load. Assume p.f. of 0.8 at all loads.
[97.9%]
QN.4 Derive an expression for Cu saving in an auto-transformer. Show that such transformer is
economical when its transformation ratio is close to unity.

QN.5 An 11000/230V, 150 KVA, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer has a core loss of 1.4 KW and full load
Cu loss of 1.6 KW. Determine (a) the KVA load for maximum efficiency and the maximum
efficiency (b) the efficiency at half full load and full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
[140.1312 KVA, 97.566%, 97%, 97.56%]

QN.6 A 600 KVA, 1- phase transformer has an efficiency of 92% both at full load and half load at unity
p.f. Determine its efficiency at 60% of full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. [85.9%]

QN.7 The primary and secondary of an auto-transformer are 230V and 75V respectively. Calculate the
currents indifferent parts of the winding when the load current is 200 A. Also calculate the saving
in the use of copper. [65.2A, 134.8A, 32.6%]

QN.8 If a three phase star/delta, 33 KV/11KV, 50 Hz, transformer is loaded with a delta-connected load
of 100 Ω per phase, calculate the primary line current. [63.5 A]

QN.9 A three phase delta/star, 11 KV/400V, 50 Hz, distribution transformer has a star connected
balanced load of (4+j6) Ω per phase. Calculate the primary line current. [1.16 A]

QN.10 A 300 KVA, 11 KV/400V, /Y, three phase transformer has star connected balanced load of 60
kW at power factor of 0.8 lagging in each phase. Calculate primary line current. [11.81]

QN.11 An 11KV/400V delta/star 3-phase transformer has balanced star connected load of 60 KW at p.f.
of 80% lagging per phase. Calculate the primary line current. If the transformer has iron loss of
1.0 KW, calculate the approximate efficiency of the transformer. Given that primary winding
resistance and leakage reactance are 25Ω per phase and 30Ω per phase respectively. Secondary
winding resistance and leakage reactance are 0.01Ω per phase and 0.02Ω per phase respectively.
[11.81A, 95.92%]
QN.12 A 500 KVA, 33/11 KV, 3-phase, 50 Hz delta/star transformer has resistances of 35 Ω per phase at
high voltage side and 876 Ω per phases at low voltage side. Calculate the efficiency at full load
and one half of full load respectively (a) at unity p.f. (b) at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
[98.54%, 98.2%, 98.35%, 98%]
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