Scribd
Upload
5 views8 pages

Pharma Fileformat

file format data

Uploaded by

Nikita Govindjiwala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views8 pages

Pharma Fileformat

file format data

Uploaded by

Nikita Govindjiwala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)

 XML is “Markup Language & Platform Independent Language"


which helps to store and transport data
 Different Applications which are developed using different
technologies or same technologies can transfer the data among
themselves with the help of XML
 As the name implies it's an extension of HTML & hence XML
looks similar to HTML but it’s not a HTML
 XML has User-defined(custom) tags.
 XML tags are also called as "elements “
HTML vs XML
XML Syntax
 XML is "Strictly Typed" Language hence case-sensitive
 They cannot contain spaces
 Every opening element should have corresponding closing
element and also XML elements must be properly
nested/closed
 They must start with a letter or underscore
 They cannot start with the letters like xml or XML or Xml etc.
 MIME type (Content Type) of XML is "application/xml “
 File extension of XML is ".xml"
Rule 1: XML Prolog:
Below line is called as "XML prolog", which is optional. If it exists,
it must be the First Line of XML
EG :
<?xml encoding=’UTF-8’ version=1.1 schema=http://testing.xom…>

Rule 2: Xml Comments


 The syntax of XML comment is similar to that of HTML
Ex:
<!--This is a comment -->
Rule 3: XML Structure
 Like HTML, XML follows a Tree Structure
 An XML tree starts at a "root element" and branches from
"Root element" will have "child elements “
 XML Consists of "Only One" root element which is parent of all
other element’s child elements
 child can have "sub elements / child elements
<root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root>
Rule 4: XML-Entity References
 Some characters have a special meaning in XML.
 If you place a character like "<" inside an XML element, it will
generate an error because it represents the start of a new
element
Ex:<message>salary<1000</message>
 To avoid this error, we can replace the "<" character with an
"entity reference" as shown below
<message>salary &lt;1000</message>
There are 5 pre-defined entity references in XML:
&lt; < less than
&gt; > greater than
&amp; & ampersand
&apos; ‘ apostrophe
&quot; " quotation mark

Rule 5: XML PCDATA: Parsed Character Data


 Text between start-element and end-element is called as
PCDATA which will be examined by the parser.
Example: -
<employee>Ram</employee>
The string "Ram" is considered as PCDATA
PCData: will be always considered as String

Rule 6: XML-CDATA: Character Data


• If XML data contain many special characters, it is cumbersome
to replace all of them. Instead, we can use "CDATA (character
data) section “
Example: -
<employee>emplyeSal >1000 & sal < 10 </employee> : Wrong
<![CDATA[<emplyeSal >1000 & sal < 10 </employee>]]>: Correct

Rule 7: XML-Elements & Attributes


 XML element is everything from (including) the element's start
tag to (including) the element's end tag
 An element can contain:
1. data
2. Attributes
3. other elements
4. All of the above
XML-Attributes
 Like HTML, XML elements can also have attributes, but
attributes can’t easily expand like elements
 XML Attributes Must be Quoted either single or double quotes
can be use


Example 1 gender is an attribute
Example 2 gender is an element
XML Elements
Will go for elements when data is to be extended
Rule 8: XML Schema's
 W.K.T XML helps us to store & transfer the data.
 When sending data from one application to an another, it is
essential that both applications have the same "expectations /
agreement" about the content/data.
 for example, A date like "03-11-2004" -in some countries, be
interpreted as 3rd November and -in other countries as 11th
March.
There are two ways to define a Schema for XML
1.Document Type Definition (DTD)
2.XML Schema Definition (XSD)

XML-PARSAR(JAXB)
 JAXB is a Java API helps us to convert Java Object to XML &
vice-versa
 The Process of converting Java Object to XML is called as
"Marshalling" OR "Serialization “
 The Process of converting XML to Java Object is called as
"Unmarshalling" OR "Deserialization”

You might also like