Monday, August 17, 2020

DHACSS CREEK CAMPUS O & A LEVELS PHASE VIII

SESSION 2020 - 2021

GRADE X – ONLINE CLASSES

SUBJECT: COMPUTER SCIENCE - 2210

Subject Teacher: Ms. Samreen Nisar

Slide No. 1
 Monday, August 17, 2020

Syllabus For The Month of August 2020

SESSION 2020-2021

Prescribed Course Book: Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science By: David Watson and Helen Williams
Reference Book: Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science By: Sarah Lawrey and Donald Scott

TERM - 1

Ch. #13: Databases Page No. 169

MONTH WEEK #1 WEEK #2 WEEK #3 WEEK #4

August * Introduction of Database * Keys and its types * Understanding of data types *Query designing

* Understanding of structure * Understanding of

* Practice Questions *Practice Questions
of the database relationships

Monday, August 17, 2020 Slide No. 2

 Advantages of DBMS
•Simplified Data Sharing •Enhanced Data Safety
A DBMS allows users (onsite as well as remote) to easily The threats of data security breaches become more
share the data by following the correct authorization pronounced when several users access the database. A
protocols. database management software offers better
implementation of data confidentiality and safety
Improved Data Integration guidelines through controlled user access.
A DBMS stimulates an integrated view of the company’s
data. The company can quickly see how activities in one Better Decision-Making
division of the organization influence other divisions. A database management system provides access to well-
managed data, making it possible for users to make
Improved Efficiency accurate and timely decisions. It offers a streamlined
Streamlined data access, along with the tools that convert framework to enable data quality initiatives, improving
data into valuable information, enable operators to make data management procedures and yielding better-quality
swift, knowledgeable decisions. This improves information.
database performance and efficiency.

Monday, August 17, 2020 Slide No. 3

 Disadvantages of DBMS
• Can be costly to implement *Appointing Technical Staff:

- Additional hardware, software, storage and network Trained technical persons such as database administrator,
resources are required. application programmers, data entry operators etc. are
- Very difficult and costly method to convert data of data file required to handle the DBMS.
into database.
- A lot of amount for the training of staff to run the DBMS. • Can only run in certain operating environments

May make it unsuitable for some system configurations

• Because it is so different from
• Database Damage:
- The file – oriented approach, the database approach
requires training users. All data is integrated into a single database. If database is
damaged due to electric failure or database is corrupted on
- Users may resist training. the storage media, then your valuable data may be lost
forever.

Monday, August 17, 2020 Slide No. 4

 Applications of a DBMS
•Banks: Storing client info, account activities, disbursements, credits, and mortgages
•Airlines: Flight bookings and scheduling info
•Academies: Learner info, course registrations, grading, and result
•Telecommunication: Keeping call archives, monthly bills, and retaining balances.
•Economics and Finance: Storing data about bonds, transactions, and acquisitions of fiscal instruments, such as shares
and stocks
•Sales and Marketing: Storing data about consumers, merchandises, and sales
•Engineering and Manufacturing: Managing supply chain, and pursuing manufacturing of items and inventory statuses in
storerooms
•Human Resources: Keeping records about workers, remunerations, payroll, deduction, generating salaries, and more

Monday, August 17, 2020 Slide No. 5

Most common Data Types in Databases:

1. Text
2. Number/Numeric
3. Boolean
4. Date/Time
5. Image / OLE object
6. Hyperlink
7. Attachment
9. Currency
10. Auto number
11. Lookup Wizard

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 TEXT
A text data type can hold any letter, number, symbol or punctuation mark. It is sometimes referred to as
'alphanumeric' or 'string'. The data can be pure text or a combination of text, numbers and symbols.

Examples of text data types in use:

ITEM VALUE
Name Joe Bloggs
Address 101, Any Street, That Town, TR34 9RT
Telephone Number 01234 56789
Car Registration EA05 NXR
Car Colour Blue

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NUMBER
A number data type contains as you probably have already guessed, numbers. When we choose a
'number' data type we may have the option of further refining the data type thus affecting the rules applied
to it and the way it is displayed.

For example:
•Integers
•Real or Floating Point
•Currency

Here are some examples of numerical data:

ITEM VALUE
Weight in Kg 12.25, 19.99, 199.99
Room measurement in metres 14.5
Employee ID 307

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Integers
Finished in X - Casfal
An integer stores whole numbers, either positive or negative. Integers however cannot store numbers with
decimal places.

Real or floating point

Numerical data might need to be formatted with decimal places. This means it cannot be stored as an integer
number. Instead it is known as a 'real' number. We can specify the number of decimal places that we need.

Currency
When we choose to format numerical data as currency then it will automatically be given two decimal places.
However, we can choose to format currency with no decimal point because in some circumstances it would not be
appropriate to display the fractional values.

The currency data type also allows us to display the correct currency symbol such as £ or $.

?
NOTE: people often assume that a telephone number would be stored as an 'integer' data type. After
all, they do look like numbers don't they! But think about it ...

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AutoNumber

Autonumber is a type of data used in Microsoft Access tables to generate an automatically incremented numeric counter.

It may be used to create an identity column which uniquely identifies each record of a table.

Only one AutoNumber is allowed in each table.

The data type was called Counter in Access 2.0.

Boolean:
Boolean data holds one of two allowed values, for example: Here are some examples of questions where the
•yes/no responses would be stored as boolean data:
•true/false
•0 / 1
Has the heating been turned on? Yes / No
Are you employed? Yes / No
A boolean data type is used to answer questions where there are exactly two options, three options would mean it was
no longer boolean data.

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DATE / TIME :
A date / time data type is used to store any data that is related to date or time.
The tricky thing about date / time is that there are so many ways of showing it. And some countries have a different way of
representing a date.
For example:
•9/4/94 in the USA means 4th Sept 94
•9/4/94 in the UK means 9th April 94

By using a date /time data type, we can choose the format for how we want our data to be automatically displayed.

For example: 14/05/2020, 14 May 2020, 14th May 2020 etc.

Another reason to use a date /time data type is that it can provide some basic validation on the data being entered.

For example, you would not be able to enter the date

31/02/2008 - it would automatically be rejected or return an
error message.

Many software applications avoid the complexity of date

formatting by offering a pop-up date picker like the one
shown above that is part of an accounting package.

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Image / OLE OBJECT

Databases allow graphical images such as photographs to be stored as a data type.

Sample Employee Record with Image

Images are binary files rather than text or

numbers which is why a specific data type is
required.

Different file types such as .bmp, .jpg, .tiff can

be stored.

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Attachments:
In MS Access Microsoft introduced a new data type called attachments. Many types of files can be stored
in a column which has the attachment data type. Someone can add bitmap files, jpg files, sound files, word
documents, etc. to a column without increasing the size of the database.

Hyperlink datatype is not plain text. It is a composite data type consisting of a Display Text, the
Address and optionally a Sub Address and a ScreenTip (Tool tip).

It is basically a textual representation of a location or object such as a file. If you've ever used the
internet, then you've probably used hyperlinks to navigate between web pages. In the case of
Microsoft Access, you use hyperlinks to point to a file on your computer, or network.

Monday, August 17, 2020 13

 Finished in X - D
Assignment #2 Student records
SURNAME FIRST NAME STUDENT ID CITY START DATE
Q1.(a) Suggest suitable data types for each field you have created in
Sheikh Maha 961534 Karachi 01/09/2007
Assignment #1 for the given scenarios:
Qureshi Ahmed 961535 Hyderabad 01/09/2006

1. Opening an account in a bank Ansari Taha 961536 Karachi 01/09/2004

2. Admission in School Khan Waleed 961537 Lahore 01/09/2007

3. Club Membership
Field Name Data Type Size
Layout of Answer: SURNAME
FIRST NAME
(b) Select a suitable PRIMARY KEY for each
STUDENT ID
table which is designed in Part (a).
CITY
(c) Give reason of selecting that key as a START DATE
PRIMARY KEY.

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