- by Prabhe laa}
Cracking the
SAT
MATHS - ALGEBRA
#03
Ph: +92 309 8057125
Prep Surg @ [email protected]
@prep_surge 4
> Prep Surge
In this manual we'll:
> Review and breakdown all the topics included in the redesigned SAT
> Focuson Heart of Algebra
> Practice Strategies for different Questions
Timings:
Number of Perec Time per Question
Questions
1 Section or Module 22 Questions 35 minutes 1.6 minutes approx.
‘2nd Section or Module (Adaptive) [22 Questions | __35 minutes 1.6 minutes approx.
Topics:
Content Area feeiee) [torent
Algebra near equations in one variable, Linear
‘equations in two variables, Linear
functions, Systems of two linear
equations in two variables, Linear
inequalities in one or two variables
‘Advanced Math Equivalent expressions, Nonlinear
equations in one variable and systems of
‘equations in two variables, Nonlinear
functions
ProblemSolvingand | Ratios, rates, proportional relationships
Data Analysis and units, Percentages, One-variable
data: distributions and measures of
center and spread, Twowariable data:
models and scatterplots, Probability and
conditional probability, Inference from
‘sample statistics and margin of error,
Evaluating statistical claims:
observational studies and experiments
Geometry and ‘Area and volume, Lines, angles, and
Trigonometry triangles, Right triangles and
trigonometry, Circles
Total Prep Surge
Questions:
Type of Questions [isn
M.C.Qs = 75%
['Student-produced responses. [=25% |
‘Some of the questions will include real-world contexts in areas such as science and social studies. These
questions will require you to apply reasoning and critical thinking skills to analyze situations, create
‘mathematical models, and find relevant solutions. You will also see graphs, charts, and diagrams in some
of the problems and answer choices.
‘Student-produced Responses
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and enter your answer as described
below.
‘* If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
© You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (induding the
negative sign) for a negative answer.
‘© If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fitin the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
‘© If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or
rounding at the fourth digit.
«If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3 3), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal
equivalent (3.5).
‘* Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.
Examples
Answer | M’cePable ways to | Unacceptable: will
swer | enter answer | NOT receive credit
po ana
35 2.80
aan
™
0.67
. Prep Surge
Read the question carefully:
Read through the whole question. Don't assume you understand the question just by reading the first
few words!
Example:
The with ofa rectangular fields one-quarter of its length the length is 6, whats the perimeter of
"
a4
8) 24
© 36
D) 40
Exampli
‘Which of the following fraction is less than?
fo Bw >
> Plug in answer choices:
‘Some questions may easily be solved with fastest way just by plug in answer choices one by one. For
instance,
Example:
What is the largest integer, x, for which ==" is an integer greater than 1?
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>
Replace variables with numbers:
Example:
Iny years, Alex will be three times the age of his sister Nancy. Currently, Alex is a years old and Nancy is
nyears old. Which of the following expressions is equal to y?
A
B
ic
D
>
a-3n
2
atin
2
a-3n
a+3n
Use Figures:
Example:
What is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?
pop
>
18
24
30
36
Pay attention to units and variables:
‘When choosing an answer, double check whether it uses correct unit or scale of measurement (i.e. cm,
km, mi, liter, cm?, etc.). In case your answer is in a unit different from given in answer choices, you must
convert it to the same as given in answer choices.
For each of the following questions, plug in answer choices to select your answer.
4. Ifa box of pencils is divided equally among 6 people, there will be 3 pencils left over. If the pencils
are divided equally among 4 people, there will be 1 pencil left over. Which of the following could be
‘a possible number of pencils in the box?
(ayaa
(B)33
Oa
(0) 53
‘5. The perimeter of a rectangle is twice its area. Which of the following are possible dimensions of the
rectangle?
(A) 1by6
(B)3 by 12
(aby
(D)2by2
6.Carla has completed 12 of the 47 problems in her math worksheet. if she wants to finish the
worksheet in the next seven minutes, how many problems does she need to complete per minute?
(ays
(B)6
7
(0)10
For each question below, pick a number that will simplify the question. Then, use this number to solve
the question.
7, Ata school barbecue, = of the students ate a hamburger and “ate a hot dog. There are twice as
‘many hot dogs in box as hamburgers. f the students ate 4 boxes of hot dogs, how many boxes of
hamburgers did they eat?
'& Rectangle Ais9 times longer than Rectangle 8. The width of Rectangle Ais + the width of Rectangle
8B. The area of Rectangle A is how many times greater than the area of Rectangle S?
9. From 2000 to 2001, the population of fish in a pond grew by 10%. From 2001 to 2002, the
population of fish declined by 5%. By what percent did the population of fish rise from 2000 to
2002? Prep Surge
10. tf a certain maple tree grew by3 feet and then doubled in height, it would be the same height as a
certain red oak. What is the relationship between the height of the maple tree (m) and the height
of the red oak (1)?
‘Answer Keys: Problem Solving Strategies
PN OV ewe
wep ro2one
9 45%
10. 2{m+3)=r
<> Prep Surge
Fundamental Math Review
In this section, we will review the basic arithmetic that you will need to know for the Math Test. When
you are confident with these basic math concepts, the SAT Math material becomes a lot easier. The
concepts we will review in this section are:
'* Properties of Integers
‘* Factors and Multiples
‘© Operations
‘© Fractions
‘© Ratios, Percentages, Proportions, and Rates
‘© Exponents and Radicals
Integers
Word Definition Examples
Positive Greater than zero 2, 7,23, 400
Negative Less than zero 7, -23, -400
Even Divisible by two 2002, 0
oad Not evenly divisible by two 3,7, 15, 2001
Prime Only divisible by itself and 1 2,3,5,7, 11, 19,23
Composite | Divisible by numbers other than itself and 1__| 4, 12, 15, 20,21
Consecutive __| Follow each other in numerical order 2,3.4,5,6
Facrors AND MULTIPLES
Word Definition Example
Factors that (wo or more numbers | 6 and 15 have the common
Common factors | share factors 1 and 3
‘Common muttipies | Multiples that wo or more ‘Some common multiples of 9
‘les | mumbers share and 12 are 36, 108, and 216
‘Greatest common | The largest common factor of two | 3 is the greatest common factor
factor (GCF) ‘or more numbers of6and 1
Least common | The smallest common multiple of | 36 isthe least common multiple
multiple (LCM) _| two or more numbers of 9 and 12 Prep Surge
Operations
Order of Operations
The order of operations is the order that you must follow when carrying out multiple operations:
+ Parentheses: Do any operations in parentheses first, following the order of operations within the
parentheses.
+ Exponents: Next, evaluate all exponents.
'* Multiplication and Division: Multiply and divide from left to right.
+ Addition and Subtraction: Add and subtract from left to right.
Example
5-3x4?+(7-1)
Multiplication and Division
ais
1. Example: 33% 4s
2 Example: Find = + 2
3. Example: Divide = by = <>
Prep Surge
Verbal problems involving fractions
Part of a whole
A fraction represents a part of a whole. In dealing with fractional problems, we are usually dealing with a
part of a quantity
1. Example: Andrea and Danny ran for president of the Math Club. Andrea got 15 votes, while
Danny got the other 10. What part of the votes did Andrea receive?
Finding fractions of fractions
1. Example: + of the employees of Mr. Brown’s firm earn over $20,000 per year. tof the remainder
‘earn between $15,000 and $20,000. What part of the employees earns less than $15,000 per
year?
2. Example: A full bottle of isopropyl alcohol is left open in the school laboratory. if of the
isopropyl alcohol evaporates in the first 12 hours and= of the remainder evaporates in the
second 12 hours, what part of the bottle is full at the end of 24 hours?
Finding whole numbers
‘When a fractional part of a number is given and we wish to find the number representing the whole, it is
often easiest to translate the words into mathematical symbols and solve the resulting equation.
1. Example: Norman buys a used car for $2400, which is 2 ‘of the original price. Find the original
price.
2. Example: The gas gauge on Mary's car reads = full. She asks the gasoline attendant to fill the
tank and finds she needs 21 gallons. What is the capacity of her gas tank?
Solving with letters
1. Example: It takes Mr. Cohen X days to paint his house. If he works for D days, what part of his
house must still be painted?
2. Example: Sue buys 500 stamps. X of these are 10-cent stamps. + of the remainder are 15-cent
‘stamps. How many 15-cent stamps does she buy?
3. Example: John spent $X on the latest hit record album. This represents + of his weekly
allowance. What is his weekly allowance?
2. Example: Joan’s Boutique usually sells a handbag for $80, which yields a 33 + % profit. During a
special sale, the profit is cut to 10%. What is the sale price of the handbag? Solution: $80
represents 133 =% of the cost.
Ratios and proportions
‘A ratio is a comparison between two quantities. In making this comparison, both quantities must be
expressed in terms of the same units.
1. Find the ratio of the shaded portion to the unshaded portion.
=
2. Abig bow! holds 4 quarts of soup. If 1/3 cup of soup mix makes 2 quarts of soup, how many big,
bowls canbe filled with the soup made from 4 cups of soup mix?
(ay
(8) 3
(6
(0) 24
(Ee) 96
3. Zhang Lei spent $20.00 during his last outing at the bowling alley. This included a one-time shoe
rental fee of $3.50. He spent the rest of the money on bowling a number of games. Ifit took
Zhang Lei 45 minutes to bowl each game and he spent 2 hours and 15 minutes bowling, how
much did it cost per game?
AB
B 550
Cc 667
D. 734
‘4. During a timed test, Alexander typed 742 words in 14 minutes. Assuming Alexander works at
this rate for the next hour, which of the following best approximates the number of words he
would type in that hour?
A 53
B 840
Cc 3180
D. 44520 Prep Surge
WAVY,
WLY
VN/
‘Aquilter wants to make the design shown above using the Golden Ratio. Specifically, he wants
the ratio of the triangle heights A:B and B:C to each equal 1.62. f the quilter makes the triangle
height A =8, approximately how tall should he make triangle height C?
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6. Elena is conducting a study about the effects of toxins in the water on the hormones of fish.
Elena surveys 350 male fish in a river and finds that 150 of the male fish have egg cells growing
inside them. According to Elena's survey, what is the ratio of male fish with egg cells to male fish
without egg cells inthe river?
3:4
3:7
4s
4:7
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7. The ratio of the amount of vitamin A in cow milk to the amount of vitamin A in goat milk
is 3 to 4. fa liter of cow milk has 1560 international units of vitamin A, how many units of
vitamins are ina liter of goat milk? Prep Surge
Exponents and Radicals
Exponent Rules:
Example 1
Which of the following is equivalent to
the expression (2x* ~5x*)'?
A) 21
B) 6x"
©) 9x8
‘D) 9x'*
Example 2
Which sequence of steps correctly gives
the value of 4? and algebraically justifies
the value?
CO) P=4)+2=64e2=32
D) =) = Ve = Vet =8
Example 3
If x? =a *, where x> 0 and a> 0, which
of the following gives a in terms of x? Prep Surge
Example 4
‘What is the value of x: 4? + 4°44? + 4? = 2"
Example 5.
@yt+3?
What is the value of the expression above?
A 3/4
B. 5/4
a4
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