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2. sql keywords

The document provides definitions and explanations of key database concepts and SQL operations, including table creation, data manipulation, and various types of joins. It outlines different SQL languages such as DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, and DQL, as well as constraints and keys used for data integrity. Additionally, it describes operators for querying and combining data from multiple tables.

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4 views

2. sql keywords

The document provides definitions and explanations of key database concepts and SQL operations, including table creation, data manipulation, and various types of joins. It outlines different SQL languages such as DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, and DQL, as well as constraints and keys used for data integrity. Additionally, it describes operators for querying and combining data from multiple tables.

Uploaded by

HOME NETWORK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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create: to create table

alter: to alter table column

drop: to delete table with structure

truncate: to delete table data and keep structure.

Set operator: Combines tables if the number, order, and datatypes of columns are the same.

Join: Combines tables based on at least one common column between them.

Table: Collection of rows and columns.

Database: Collection of tables.

Database server: Collection of databases.

CRUD: Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete.

SQL: Query language to perform CRUD operations.

DBMS: Software to perform CRUD operations on a database server.

Query: Request to perform operations on data.

DDL: Data Definition Language, used to define database structures.

DML: Data Manipulation Language, used to manipulate data within tables.

DCL: Data Control Language, used to control access to data.

TCL: Transaction Control Language, manages manages actions like savepoints and rollbacks.

DQL: Data Query Language, retrieves data from a database.

Constraints: Conditions that restrict values inserted into table columns.

Foreign key: Allows values from a parent table's primary key only..

Select: Retrieves data from a database.

Order by: Sorts result set by one or more columns.

Group by: Groups rows sharing a property so aggregate functions can be applied.

View: A virtual table based on the result of a query.

Union: Combines results of two queries, removing duplicates.


Union all: Combines results of two queries, including duplicates.

Intersect: Returns common rows from two queries.

Minus/Except: Returns rows from the first query that aren't in the second query.

Inner join: Returns rows with matching values in both tables.

Outer join: Returns all rows from one table and matching rows from the other.

Left outer join: Returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right.

Right outer join: Returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left.

Full outer join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

Self join: Joins a table with itself.

Equi join: Joins tables based on equality condition.

Non equi join: Joins tables based on a non-equality condition.

IN operator: Checks if a value matches any value in a list.

BETWEEN operator: Checks if a value is within a range.

Where: Filters records in a query.

Having: Filters groups in a query.

Savepoint: Sets a point within a transaction to which you can rollback.

Rollback: Reverts changes to the last commit or savepoint.

Index: A method for faster retrieval of data.

Key: Used to uniquely identify a row.

Primary key: A unique identifier for a row.

Foreign key: Allows values from a parent table's primary key only.

Super key: One or more columns used to uniquely identify a row, e.g., id, email, id and name.

Candidate key: A column that can uniquely identify a row, except the primary key, e.g., email.

Alternate key: All candidate keys that are not the primary key.

Composite key: Combination of columns to uniquely identify a row, e.g., id and name and age.

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