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1. Java keywords

The document provides a comprehensive overview of programming concepts, including programming languages, data types, object-oriented programming principles, and Java-specific features. It covers various programming constructs such as variables, methods, control statements, and exception handling, along with definitions and examples. Additionally, it discusses I/O operations, serialization, and the Java environment, highlighting key components like classes, objects, and data management.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views

1. Java keywords

The document provides a comprehensive overview of programming concepts, including programming languages, data types, object-oriented programming principles, and Java-specific features. It covers various programming constructs such as variables, methods, control statements, and exception handling, along with definitions and examples. Additionally, it discusses I/O operations, serialization, and the Java environment, highlighting key components like classes, objects, and data management.

Uploaded by

HOME NETWORK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Program: Set of instructions for the computer.

Programming language: Language used to write programs.

Binary language: Language using only 0s and 1s.

Assembly language: Language using mnemonics.

High-level language: Language using English-like words.

Compiler: Converts high-level language to binary and reports syntax errors.

Interpreter: Converts high-level language to binary line by line, slower than compiler.

Assembler: Converts assembly language to binary.

Java: Object-oriented programming language.

OOP: Programming paradigm based on objects.

Class: Blueprint for creating objects.

Object: Instance of a class.

Constructor: Special method to initialize objects.

Data hiding: Restricting access to certain details of an object.

Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details.

Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods into a single unit.

Inheritance: Acquiring properties of one class by another.

Composition: Building objects from other objects.

Polymorphism: Ability to take many forms.

Number system: Technique of representing numbers in computers.

Decimal: Base-10 number system.

Octal: Base-8 number system.

Hexadecimal: Base-16 number system.

Binary number system: Base-2 number system.

Keyword: Reserved word with a predefined meaning.


Programming language: Language to communicate with computers.

Scripting language: Language for writing scripts to automate tasks.

Query language: Language for querying databases.

Markup language: Language for annotating documents.

Identifier: Name given to variables, methods, etc.

Variable: Storage location with a name.

Declaration: Defining a variable or method.

Initialization: Assigning an initial value to a variable.

Compile time initialization: Initializing variables at compile time.

Run time initialization: Initializing variables at runtime.

Datatypes: Types of data a variable can hold.

Primitive datatype: Basic data types like int, char.

User defined datatype: Data types defined by users.

Function: Block of code performing a specific task.

Return type: Data type of the value returned by a function.

Return statement: Statement to return a value from a function.

Co-variant return types: Overridden method returns a subtype.

Parameter: Variable in method definition.

Argument: Actual value passed to the method.

Actual parameter: Actual values passed to methods.

Formal parameter: Variables in method signature.

Escape sequence (): Characters beginning with a backslash.

Comments: Non-executable statements for code explanation.

IDE: Integrated Development Environment.

Operator: Symbol performing operations.


Unary operator: Operator with one operand.

Binary operator: Operator with two operands.

Ternary operator: Operator with three operands.

New operator: Creates new objects.

InstanceOf operator: Checks if an object is an instance of a class.

Precedence of operator: Order in which operators are evaluated.

Associativity of operator: Order of operations with same precedence.

Member operator (.): Accesses class members.

Java: Programming language.

JSE: Java Standard Edition.

JEE: Java Enterprise Edition.

JME: Java Micro Edition.

Features of Java: Robust, portable, secure, multi-threaded, high performance, dynamic.

Robust: Better memory management and exception handling.

Portable: Write once, run anywhere.

Architectural neutral: Platform-independent bytecode.

Secure: Provides security features.

Multi-threaded: Supports concurrent execution.

Interpreted: Uses an interpreter for bytecode.

High performance: Uses JIT compiler for better performance.

Dynamic: Loads classes at runtime.

Package: Namespace for organizing classes and interfaces.

Fully qualified name: Full name including the package.

Import: Imports other packages.

Modifiers: Keywords to modify definitions.


Access modifier: Defines access scope (public, private, protected).

Non-access modifier: Provides functionalities other than access control (static, final).

Concatenation: Joining strings.

Naming convention: Rules for naming identifiers.

Literal: Fixed value assigned to a variable.

Type casting: Converting one data type to another.

Implicit type casting: Automatic type conversion.

Explicit type casting: Manual type conversion.

Type cast operator (type): Converts data types.

Upcasting / Widening: Converting lower to higher data type.

Downcasting / Narrowing: Converting higher to lower data type.

Control statement: Directs the flow of execution.

Types of control statement: Selection, iteration, transfer.

Selection statement: Makes decisions (if, switch).

If statement: Conditional statement.

Iterative statement: Repeats actions (loops).

Loop: Repeats a block of code.

Transfer statement: Transfers control (break, continue, return).

Break: Exits the loop or switch.

Return: Exits a method and optionally returns a value.

Continue: Skips the current iteration of a loop.

Switch: Selects one of many code blocks to execute.

Primitive variable: Stores primitive data types.

Reference variable: Stores the address of an object.

Instance variable: Belongs to an instance of a class.


Static variable: Belongs to the class, not instances.

Local variable: Defined within a method.

Method: Block of code that performs a task.

Method signature: Method name and parameter list.

Method overriding: Redefining a method in a subclass.

Method overloading: Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Method hiding: Hiding a superclass method in the subclass.

Actual parameter: Passed to methods during a call.

Formal parameter: Defined in method definition.

Instance method: Belongs to an instance of a class.

Mutator or Setter: Method to set a value.

Accessor or Getter: Method to get a value.

Static method: Belongs to the class, not instances.

Factory method: Method to create objects.

Factory class: Class with factory methods.

Instance factory method: Creates objects at runtime.

Static factory method: Creates objects without new.

forName(): Loads a class dynamically.

newInstance(): Creates an instance of a class.

Static block: Executes static initializations.

this keyword: Refers to the current instance.

Classloading: Loading classes into memory.

Classloaders: Load classes at runtime.

JIT compiler: Just-In-Time compiler for bytecode optimization.

Garbage collector: Manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.


Parse methods: Converts strings to primitive types.

Wrapper class: Converts primitives to objects and vice versa.

Scanner class: Reads input from various sources.

Array: Collection of elements of the same type.

1D array: Single-dimensional array.

Multi-dimensional array: Array of arrays.

Anonymous array: Array without explicit reference.

java.lang package: Provides fundamental classes.

Object class: Root class of all classes.

.getClass(): Returns the class of the object.

.hashCode(): Returns object's hash code.

Hash code: Unique identifier for objects.

Reference number: Memory address of an object.

.finalize(): Called by garbage collector before object destruction.

.equals(): Compares two objects for equality.

.wait(): Causes the current thread to wait.

.notify(): Wakes up a waiting thread.

.notifyAll(): Wakes up all waiting threads.

Mutable (String): String value can be changed.

StringBuffer: Mutable, thread-safe sequence of characters.

StringBuilder: Mutable, non-thread-safe sequence of characters.

Inner class: Class defined within another class.

Member inner class: Non-static inner class.

Static inner class: Static nested class.

Local inner class: Inner class within a method.


Anonymous inner class: Inner class without a name.

Super class: Parent class.

Super constructor: Calls constructor of the parent class.

Abstract class: Cannot be instantiated, contains abstract methods.

Abstract method: Method without implementation.

Concrete class: Class with complete implementation.

Interface: Abstract type used to specify behavior.

Extends: Inherits from a class.

Implements: Implements an interface.

Marker interface: Interface with no methods.

Error: Serious problem that cannot be recovered.

Exception: Problem that can be caught and handled.

Exception handling: Mechanism to handle runtime errors.

Throwable class: Superclass of all errors and exceptions.

Throw: Throws an exception.

Throws: Declares exceptions that can be thrown.

Try: Block to wrap code that might throw exceptions.

Catch: Block to handle exceptions.

Finally: Block that executes regardless of exceptions.

Checked exception: Exception checked at compile time.

Partially checked exception: Some subclasses are checked, some are not.

Fully checked exception: All subclasses are checked.

Unchecked exception: Exception not checked at compile time.

PrintStackTrace(): Prints the stack trace of an exception.

GetMessage(): Returns detailed message of an exception.


Lambda expression: A concise way to represent anonymous functions in Java.

I/O Streams: Classes in Java for reading and writing data.

Interface: A reference type in Java that can contain only constants, method signatures, default methods,
static methods, and nested types.

Enum: A special Java type used to define collections of constants.

Thread: A lightweight subprocess for concurrent execution in Java.

Process: Process means any program is in execution.

Compile time: The phase when source code is converted into bytecode.

Run time: The phase when the bytecode is executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

IOStreams: Input and output streams for data transfer.

Input Stream: Reads data from a source.

Output Stream: Writes data to a destination.

Stream: Sequence of data elements.

Byte stream: Transfers data byte by byte.

Character stream: Transfers data character by character.

Reader: Reads character streams.

Writer: Writes character streams.Serialization: Converts an object to a binary representation.

InputStreamReader: Reads bytes and decodes them into characters.

OutputStreamWriter: Encodes characters into bytes.

BufferedReader: Reads text from a character-input stream.

BufferedWriter: Writes text to a character-output stream.

BufferedInputStream: Buffers input byte stream.

BufferedOutputStream: Buffers output byte stream.

File class: Represents a file or directory.

FileReader: Reads characters from a file.

FileWriter: Writes characters to a file.


PrintWriter: Writes formatted text to output stream.

Serialization: Converts an object to a binary representation.

Deserialization: Converts binary representation back to an object.

Transient: Prevents serialization of a field

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