Scribd
Upload
43 views16 pages

Week 4 Digital Image Processing

Uploaded by

Roza Vong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views16 pages

Week 4 Digital Image Processing

Uploaded by

Roza Vong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Image Processing

Department of Applied Mathematics and


Statistics (AMS)
Institute of Technology of Cambodia
Lecturer: Khean Vesal

Course: Artificial Intelligence


TP Group: I4-D
Contents

1. What is a Digital Image ?


2. Basic Operations: Read, Write and Show images.
3. Transformation: Crop, Rotate, and Resize images.
4. Conversion: From RGB (or Color) to Grayscale images.
5. Binarization: Black-and-white images.
6. Common Filtering: Smooth, Sharpen, Edge Enhancement, etc.
7. Advanced Filtering: Denoise, etc.
8. Histogram.
9. References
1- Digital Image

• A digital image is a numeric representation, normally binary, of a two-dimensional


image.
• Depending on whether the image resolution is fixed, it may be of vector or raster type.
• By itself, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images or bitmapped images (as
opposed to vector images).
• Common image formats: PPM, PNG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP.
Digital Image (Cont.)

❖ Gray image
• For monochrome (gray) images, the brightness of each pixel is expressed by a numerical value.
• Usually in the range of 0 to 255, 0 for black, 255 for white, and other values for gray between black
and white.
❖ Color image
• Color images can be represented by two-dimensional matrices of Red, Green and Blue triples.
• Did you hear about RGB ?
• Normally, each value of a triple is between 0 and 255,
• 0 means that the corresponding primary color is not present in the pixel,
• and 255 means that the corresponding primary color is maximized in the pixel.
Digital Image (Cont.)

❖ Example digit image


2- Basic Operations: Read, Write and Show images.

❖ Tool: Python-Pillow
• Python Imaging Library (PIL) is a free library for the Python programming language
that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file
formats.
❖ Read (Open) and Show an image
• There are two general ways to display am image,
• The first method is using im.show() function in Pillow,
• however sometimes it may not work well in jupyter.
• The alternative method is using a third party library called matplotlib to display it.
3- Transformation: Crop, Rotate, and Resize images.
This part will tell you basic image transforms such as Crop, Rotate, Resize an image, etc.

❖ Crop an image

• If your image is too big or some parts of the image is useful, you can crop it. Here is an
example.
❖ Rotate an image

• If some images are not angeled properly, you may need to rotate them to make them look
better.
❖ Resize an image

• Sometime images are too large to process or need to cost lots of time to process, you can
resize images to make them more smaller.
4- Conversion: From RGB (or Color) to Grayscale images.
Pillow has its own conversion() method to convert images into different formats.

• Take gray scale image conversion as an example:


5- Binarization: Black-and-white images.

❖ Image binarization is the process of setting the gray value of the pixels on the image to 0 or 255,
• that is to say, the whole image presents an obvious black-and-white effect.
❖ In digital image processing, binary image plays a very important role.
• The binarization of an image greatly reduces the amount of data in the image, so that the
outline of the object can be highlighted.
❖ In Pillow, we use point() method to judge each pixel of an image, and set its gray value to 0 or
255 according to its relative size with the mean value, before converting it into a binary image.
6- Common Filtering: Smooth, Sharpen, Edge Enhancement

❖ Image filtering in Python mainly deals with image Smoothing, Sharpening and Edge
enhancement.
• You can regard it as a filter in a mobile photo processing app
❖ There are many kinds of filtering in Pillow, like Relief Filtering.
7- Advanced Filtering: Denoise

Some images have some noise which makes it difficult to evaluate, we can use some filters to
remove these noise.
❖ Here we give an example using Median Filter to remove noise in the image.
• The Median Filter is a nonlinear digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise from
an image or signal.
• Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve the results for later
processing (for example, edge detection on an image).
• Median filtering is widely used in digital image processing because under certain conditions
it preserves edges while removing noise.
Note* You can try other filters to remove noise such as a Gaussian filter
7- Advanced Filtering: Denoise (Cont.)

Example using Median Filter to remove noise in the image.

Before After
8- Histogram

An image histogram is a type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal
distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value. By looking at the
histogram for a specific image a viewer will be able to judge the entire tonal distribution at a
glance.

• Histogram is a graphical representation of the intensity distribution of an image.


• Histogram quantifies the number of pixels for each intensity value.
9- References

• Fundamental of Image Processing:


https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/TUDELFT/FIP2_3.pdf
• Image Processing Techniques: A Review:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345364858_Image_Processing_Techniques_A_Review
Q&A
Thank You!

You might also like