Scribd
Upload
10 views14 pages

About LIN

The internship report provides an overview of the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) protocol, detailing its working principles, standards, history, and communication structure. LIN operates on a master-slave architecture, where the master node polls slave nodes for data, and it is commonly used in automotive applications for systems requiring low-speed communication. The report also outlines the LIN frame format, including header and response components, and highlights various ISO and SAE standards associated with LIN.

Uploaded by

Dương Nguyễn Đại
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views14 pages

About LIN

The internship report provides an overview of the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) protocol, detailing its working principles, standards, history, and communication structure. LIN operates on a master-slave architecture, where the master node polls slave nodes for data, and it is commonly used in automotive applications for systems requiring low-speed communication. The report also outlines the LIN frame format, including header and response components, and highlights various ISO and SAE standards associated with LIN.

Uploaded by

Dương Nguyễn Đại
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Internship Report:

Learn about LIN protocol

Writer: Le Hai Duong


Mentor: Nguyen Hoang Minh Duc

Ha Noi, Aug 27th 2024


Working principle of LIN

LIN communication at its core is relatively simple:

A master node loops through each of the slave nodes, sending a request for
information - and each slave responds with data when polled. The data bytes
contain LIN bus signals (in raw form).

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


LIN standards

ISO 17987-1:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 1: General information and use
case definition
ISO 17987-2:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 2: Transport protocol and
network layer services
ISO 17987-3:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 3: Protocol specification
ISO 17987-4:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 4: Electrical physical layer (EPL)
specification 12 V/24 V
ISO TR 17987-5:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 5: Application programmers
interface (API)

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


LIN standards

ISO 17987-6:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 6: Protocol conformance test


specification
ISO 17987-7:2016: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 7: EPL conformance test
specification
ISO 17987-8:2019: Road vehicles – LIN – Part 8: Electrical physical layer (EPL)
specification: LIN over DC powerline (DC-LIN)
SAE J2602/1: LIN Network for Vehicle Applications
SAE J2602/2: LIN Network for Vehicle Applications Conformance Test
SAE J2602/3: File Structures for a Node Capability File (NCF)

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


LIN bus history
1999: LIN 1.0 released by the LIN Consortium (BMW, VW, Audi, Volvo,
Mercedes-Benz, Volcano Automotive & Motorola)
2000: The LIN protocol was updated (LIN 1.1, LIN 1.2)
2002: LIN 1.3 released, mainly changing the physical layer
2003: LIN 2.0 released, adding major changes (widely used)
2006: LIN 2.1 specification released
2010: LIN 2.2A released, now widely implemented versions
2010-12: SAE standardized LIN as SAE J2602, based on LIN 2.0
2016: CAN in Automation standardized LIN (ISO 17987:2016)

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


Topology LIN

A broadcast serial network comprising 16 nodes (one master and up to 15 slaves).


All messages are initiated by the master with at most one slave replying to a given
message identifier.

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


LIN Layers

The Local Interconnect Network (LIN) physical layer is based on ISO 9141 (the K-line bus). It consists of
Physical the bidirectional bus line LIN which is connected to the transceiver of every bus node, and is connected
via a termination resistor and a diode to the positive battery node, VBAT.

The LIN data link layer, often called the LIN protocol, specifies a commander-responder protocol. The LIN
Commander uses one or more pre-programmed scheduling tables to start the sending and receiving to
Data link the LIN frames. These scheduling tables contain at least the relative timing, when the LIN frame sending
is initiated. The LIN frame consists of two parts: header and response. The LIN Commander sends the
header, while either one dedicated LIN Responder or the LIN Commander itself transmits the response.

LIN protocol is a single master / multiple slave model that uses a single wire to transmit data. Only
the Master is able to initiate a LIN communication. LIN Communication Protocol was invented to be
Application used in simple switching applications like car seats, door locks, sun roofs, rain sensors, mirrors and so
on.

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


FRAME

In simple terms, the LIN bus message frame consists of a header and a response.
Typically, the LIN master transmits a header to the LIN bus. This triggers a slave,
which sends up to 8 data bytes in response.
This overall LIN frame format can be illustrated as below:
Typically, one slave is polled for information at a time - meaning zero collision risk
(and therefore no need for arbitration). Note that the 6 bits allow for 64 IDs, of
which IDs 60-61 are used for diagnostics (more below) and 62-63 are reserved.

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


FRAME

The LIN frame format

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


Header
Break: The Sync Break Field (SBF) aka Break is minimum 13 + 1 bits long (and in practice most often
18 + 2 bits). The Break field acts as a “start of frame" notice to all LIN nodes on the bus.
Sync: The 8 bit Sync field has a predefined value of 0x55 (in binary, 01010101). This structure allows
the LIN nodes to determine the time between rising/falling edges and thus the baud rate used by
the master node. This lets each of them stay in sync.
Identifier: The Identifier is 6 bits, followed by 2 parity bits. The ID acts as an identifier for each LIN
message sent and which nodes react to the header. Slaves determine the validity of the ID field
(based on the parity bits) and act via below:
1. Ignore the subsequent data transmission
2. Listen to the data transmitted from another node
3. Publish data in response to the header

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


Response

Respone: Data: When a LIN slave is polled by the master, it can respond by transmitting 2, 4 or
8 bytes of data. The data length can be customized, but it is typically linked to the ID range (ID
0-31: 2 bytes, 32-47: 4 bytes, 48-63: 8 bytes). The data bytes contain the actual information
being communicated in the form of LIN signals. The LIN signals are packed within the data
bytes and may be e.g. just 1 bit long or multiple bytes.
Checksum: As in CAN, a checksum field ensures the validity of the LIN frame. The classic 8 bit
checksum is based on summing the data bytes only (LIN 1.3), while the enhanced checksum
algorithm also includes the identifier field (LIN 2.0).

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


How to communicate on LIN

To initiate the LIN bus communication with a slave, the Master sends the header part. If the
Master wants to send data to the Slave, it goes on sending the response part. If the Master
requests data from the Slave, the Slave sends the response part. Direct communication
between slaves is not possible.

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


Identify the LIN network system on the vehicle

Often used on “Sub system”, systems that do not require high transmission speed and
much data. Some systems often use LIN communication network such as: mirror
control, seat control, door lock, sunroof, wiper, glass lift and lower…

Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building


Office: Vietsol Company - 5ᵗʰ Floor - EveryGolf Building

You might also like