Scribd
Upload
3 views3 pages

Week-4 Machine Learning

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables algorithms to learn from past experiences and make predictions or decisions based on data. It is utilized in various applications, such as spam email categorization, user buying history recognition, and fraud detection, by analyzing large volumes of complex data. The key distinction between AI and machine learning is that AI aims to simulate human intelligence, while machine learning focuses on enabling machines to learn from data without explicit programming.

Uploaded by

khushimehta1231
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views3 pages

Week-4 Machine Learning

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables algorithms to learn from past experiences and make predictions or decisions based on data. It is utilized in various applications, such as spam email categorization, user buying history recognition, and fraud detection, by analyzing large volumes of complex data. The key distinction between AI and machine learning is that AI aims to simulate human intelligence, while machine learning focuses on enabling machines to learn from data without explicit programming.

Uploaded by

khushimehta1231
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Machine learning

Machine learning -is a sub-set of artificial intelligence (AI), in which algorithms are
‘trained’ and learn from their past experiences and examples
It is possible for the system to make predictions or even take decisions based on
previous scenarios. They can offer fast and accurate outcomes due to very powerful
processing capability.
They can offer fast and accurate outcomes due to very powerful processing
capability. One of the key factors is the ability to manage and analyse considerable
volumes of complex data; some of the tasks would take humans years to complete
without the help of machine learning techniques.

One example that uses machine learning are the most sophisticated search
engines:

The search engine will learn from its past performance, meaning its ability to carry
out searches becomes more and more sophisticated and accurate.
Differences between AI and machine learning
AI Machine learning
Represents simulated intelligence in This is the practice of getting machines
machines to make decisions without being
programmed to do so
The aim is to build machines that are The aim is to make machines that learn
capable of thinking like humans through data acquisition, so that they
can solve new problems

1
Examples of Machine Learning

Example 1

Categorizing E-mail as spam


Consider email messages such as ‘You have won $2 million in the National
Lottery’; how can machine learning determine that this email should be put
into your spam folder?
➢ A machine learning algorithm collects data about emails, such as
email content, headers, senders name/email address and so on.
➢ It carries out a ‘cleaning’ process by removing stop words (for example,
the, and, a) and punctuation, leaving only the relevant data.
➢ Certain words/phrases are frequently used in spam (for example,
lottery, earn, full-refund) and indicate that the incoming email is very
likely to be spam.
➢ The machine learning model is built and a ‘training data set’ is used to
train the model and make it learn using past email known to be spam.
➢ Once it is evaluated, the model is fine-tuned and tested live.

Example 2: Recognising user buying history


When you visit an online retailer, such as Amazon, you might receive the
message ‘customers who bought Hodder Education IGCSE ICT textbook also
bought Hodder Education IGCSE Computer Science textbook’. How is
machine learning used to establish a user’s buying characteristics?
➢ This comes from collaboration filtering, which is the process of
comparing customers who have similar shopping behaviour to a new
customer who has similar shopping behaviour.
➢ Suppose customer ‘A’ is very interested in playing football and they
also bought a jazz CD, a book on Roman history and some health
food.
➢ Two weeks later, customer ‘B’ who likes to go cycling also bought a
similar jazz CD and a book on ancient Roman history.
➢ The machine learning algorithms will then recommend that customer ‘B’
might like to buy some health food due to the similarities between ‘A’
and ‘B’s shopping behaviour.
➢ This technique is particularly popular when asking your mobile phone
to generate a playlist from your music library based on a few criteria
you might select.

2
Example 3: Detection of fraudulent activity

Machine learning model development


Data is gathered by a survey or web scraping; for example, to detect credit
card fraud, information about customers is gathered, such as types of
transactions (does the customer buy designer clothes?), shopping habits and
certain personal data.
➢ Redundant data is then removed; this needs to be carefully done to
remove the possibility of wrong predictions.
➢ The most important machine learning step: the algorithm is trained
through real examples of customer purchasing behaviour.
➢ A model is built based on learning from the training data, and the
machine learning algorithm can now be used to detect fraud (for
example, if a customer spends an unusual amount on a piece of
jewellery, there is a high chance a fraudulent activity has taken place).
➢ The machine learning model is then fully tested with known data and
known outcomes; the system is modified if it hasn’t met its criteria to
detect fraudulent activity.

You might also like