REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

CITY GOVERNMENT OF ZAMBOANGA

COLEGIO DE LA CIUDAD DE ZAMBOANGA

TEACHERS’ COPY
Comp 001
(Computer Fundamentals)
Self-Learning Module 1

Maricor A. Marquez
Instructor

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The purpose of this course is to understand the basic and necessary

skills fundamental to computer usage and familiarize the basic principles of a
computer, including the basic roles and responsibilities of the hardware,
software (system and application software).

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1. Identify basic computer terms.
2. Identify the advantages and limitations of computers.
3. Identify the components of computer system.
4. Differentiate the types of computers.
5. Classify computer software.
6. Familiarize the basic skills necessary in using the computer.
7. Recognize the importance of computer.

COURSE OUTLINE (Period before Midterm):

Lesson 1: Computers
1.1 Basic Computer Terms
1.2 Characteristics of Computer System
1.3 Components of Computer System
1.3.1 Hardware
1.3.2 Software
1.3.3 User
1.4 Classification of Computers
1.4.1 Analog Computers
1.4.2 Digital Computers
1.4.3. Hybrid Computers
Lesson 2: Computer Software
2.1 Definition of Computer Software
2.2 Types of Software
2.2.1 System Software
2.2.2 Application Software
Lesson 3: Computer Basics
3.1 Folders, Menus, Windows
3.2 Selecting and Clicking Using the Mouse

Introduction to the Fundamentals of Computer

1
Lesson 1 - Computers: Definition, Characteristics, Components and
Classifications

I. Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, it is expected that you shall be able to:
1. Identify basic computer terms.
2. Identify the advantages and limitations of computers.
3. Identify the components of computer system.
4. Differentiate the types of computers.

II. Lesson Outline

1.1 Basic Computer Terms
1.2 Characteristics of Computers
1.3 Components of Computers
1.3.1 Hardware
1.3.2 Software
1.3.3 User
1.4 Classification of Computers
1.4.1 Analog Computers
1.4.2 Digital Computers
1.4.3 Hybrid Computers
III. Lesson Content

Computers
Computers are an important part of our lives. Wherever we are,
whether sitting in our homes, working in the office, driving on the roads,
sitting in a relaxing place, staying in a hotel, spending time with family and
friends etc., our lives are directly or indirectly affected by the computers. In
this digital age, we are dependent on the storage, flow and processing of
data and information, with the help of computers (Beverley Steitz, 2006).
This module will introduce you to “fundamentals of computer”.
Now, learn basic terms of computer.
1.1 Basic Computer Terms
The computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores and
processes data into information. (Beverley Steitz, 2006)
The data (such as words, numbers, sound and pictures) is the raw
facts that the user enter into the computer. When you enter a data into the
computer, the process is called input and the computer processes the data
to produce information. The data are isolated values which by themselves
have no much significance. The information produced by the computer is
called output.
The process of computer is Input-Process-Output concept or I/O process or
Input/Output Process.
For example:
 You enter 5+5 into the computer as data, the computer processes it
and the result is 10 which is information.
 The data like 28, January and 2020 just represent values and the
computer processed it to give the date of birth of a person.
(Beverley Steitz, 2006)

Reference:

2
Beverley Steitz. (2006). Retrieved at http://people.bu.edu/baws/computer
%20fundamental.html#:~:text=Data%20which%20is%20raw
%20facts,produce%20information%20which%20is%20output.
Lesson 1.1 Basic Computer Terms
Formative Examination

TASK OBE-SOURCE
1. What is computer? LO1.1 Creative and Critical
Thinking

2. What is the difference between data and

information?

3. What is the difference between input and

output?

4. What is the process of computer? Explain

briefly with examples.

5. What is the importance of studying the

basic computer terms?

3
1.2 Characteristics of Computer System

The computers have major characteristics that made them so powerful

and universally useful. The characteristics of computers are the following:
(tutorialspoint simplyeasylearning)

A. Speed

The computer can process data very fast, at the rate of millions of
instructions per second. Some calculations that would have taken hours
and days to complete otherwise, can be completed in a few seconds
using the computer.

For example, calculation and generation of salary of thousands of

employees of an organization, weather forecasting that requires
analysis of a large amount of data related to temperature, pressure and
humidity of various places, etc…

In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex

computation, faster than computer.

B. Accuracy
The computer provides a high degree of accuracy. Accuracy
technically means the degree to which the result of a measurement,
calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a
standard. Since computer is programmed, so whatever is the input, it
provides an accurate output.

For example, the computer can accurately give the result of the
division of any two numbers up to 10 decimal places.

C. Diligence
The computer can work for hours without any break and creating
error. When used for a longer period of time, the computer does not
get tired or fatigued. It can perform long and complex calculations with
the same speed and accuracy from the start until the end. It does not
get tired like human beings do.

D. Storage Capability
The computer can store large volumes of data and you can retrieve
it whenever needed.
Memory is the essential element of a computing system because
without it, the computer cannot perform a simple task.
There are two types of memory namely;
a. Primary Memory (RAM and ROM). A limited amount of data
can be stored, or just temporarily. The Random Access
Memory (RAM) is called as read write memory or the main
memory. The programs and data that the Central Processing
Unit (CPU) requires are stored in this memory. It is a volatile
memory as the data loses when the power is turned off. While
the Read Only Memory (ROM) stores crucial information
4
 essential to operate the system, like the program essential to
boot the computer. It is not volatile and always retains its data.
Not volatile means not liable to change or not editable.

b. Secondary Memory (the hard drive, disks, CD stands for

compact disc, etc…). It can store a large amount of data
permanently.

E. Versatility
Computers are versatile in nature. It can perform different types of
tasks with the same ease. At one moment, you can use the computer
to prepare a letter document and in the next moment, you may play
music and print a document. You can use computer to perform
completely different type of work at the same time.

F. Power of Remembering. It can remember data for you.

G. No Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Computer does not work without

instruction.

H. No Feeling. Computer does not have emotions, knowledge,

experience, feelings.

Computers have several limitations too. It can only perform tasks that it
has been programmed to do. It cannot do any work without instructions from
the user. It executes instructions as specified by the user and does not take
its own decisions.

References:

Characteristics of Computer System. Tutorialspoint simplyeasylearning.

Retrieved at
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_concepts/computer_concepts_
characteristics_of_computer_system.htm

5
 Lesson 1.2 Characteristics of Computer System
Formative Examination

TASK OBE-SOURCE
1. Using a graphic organizer, briefly LO1.1 Creative and Critical Thinking
explain the advantages of
computers?

2. Using a graphic organizer, briefly

explain the disadvantages of
computers?

6
1.3 Components of Computer Systems
A computer only will be computer if it has INPUT DEVICE, PROCESS
UNIT, and OUTPUT DEVICE. Any computer regardless of its size has an input
device, output device and a system unit.
Computers have systems and consist of three parts namely:
1.3.1 Hardware
The hardware consists of the mechanical parts that make up the
computer as a machine. It consists of physical devices that are tangible
(you can see and touch) of the computer. These devices are required for
input, output, storage and processing of the data. It cannot perform any
task on its own. (Beverley Steitz, 2006). System Unit –the
chassis or tower that
houses the primary
devices (motherboard,
Monitor – the CPU, memory and other
computer screen, components) of
where information is computer.
displayed. The Central Processing
Unit (CPU) - main part
or “brains” of a
computer. It interprets
and carries
Keyboard – the
keys that operate
the computer, just Mouse – a small
like the typewriter hand-held device
and with extra keys that controls the
for special functions. position of the cursor
on the computer
screen.
Other computer peripheral devices can be connected to the System Unit
of the computer as follows:

7
1.3.2 Software

The Software refers to applications, scripts and a set of programs that

can be stored electronically, used to operate computers and perform specific
tasks. Program is a set of instructions (data) written in a language
understood by computer to perform a specific task. It can be thought of as
the variable part of a computer and the hardware is the invariable part of the
computer. The software instructs the hardware about the tasks to be
performed. Different software cannot be loaded on the same hardware to
perform different kinds of task. All programs (not tangible) are called
software. (Beverley Steitz, 2006).

1.3.3 Users

Users refer to the people who use, write programs or interact with the
computer. They are also known as liveware, humanware, peopleware or
skinware. It refers to programmers, data entry operators, system analyst,
computer hardware engineers, all people who are using and interacting with
the computer to direct the computer on what to do. (Beverley Steitz, 2006).

References:
"Input devices, processing and output devices". GCSE Bitesize. BBC.
Retrieved 2 June 2012.

Information Literacy. Retrieved at

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/informationliteracy/chapter/compute
r-devices/
Beverley Steitz. (2006). Retrieved at http://people.bu.edu/baws/computer
%20fundamental.html#:~:text=Data%20which%20is%20raw
%20facts,produce%20information%20which%20is%20output.

8
 Lesson 1.3 Components of Computer System
Formative Examination

TASK OBE-SOURCE
1. What are computer peripherals? LO1.1 Creative
and Critical
Thinking

2. What are the differences of input and output devices?

What are the components of computer system? LO1.1 Creative

and Critical
Component Discussion Examples Thinking
s of
Computer
System

3.

4.

5.

9
1.4 Three (3) Major Classifications of Computers
Have you heard about analog computers? Perhaps you always hear
about digital computers because analog computers are rarely mentioned not
because they do not exits but because people think that computers are
digital only. There are many analog computers but you hardly notice them as
a computer. The basic difference between analog and digital computers is
the type of data they process. (Hobbyist & DIY Electronic Devices &
Circuits,
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/diy-electronics-devices/97571-
difference-between-analog-and-digital-computing/)

Now, let’s talk about analog, digital and hybrid computers.

1.4.1 Analog Computer

Analog computer represents data as variable across a continuous
range of values. Earlier computers were analog computers that
operate on mathematical variables in the form of physical quantities
that are continuously varying in real time such as temperature,
pressure and voltage. It is more flexible but generally less precise
that digital computers such as Slide Rule.

EC-1 Educational Analog Computer, speedometer of an

automobile
introduced in 1960 by Heathkit.

1.4.2 Digital Computers

Digital computers deal with mathematical variables in form of
numbers that represent discrete values of physical quantities. The
advantages of digital computers are that they are versatile,
reprogrammable, accurate, and less affected by outside
disturbances. Digital machines work on numbers. Each variable is
converted into numbers and each number into binary form, i.e. 0
and 1. It is this combination of 0 and 1 that does all the
calculations. All modern computers, laptops, calculators and other
computers used at homes and offices are all digital computers.

10
 There are also classifications of digital computers. The classifications
of digital computers according to size are the following; (Beverley
Steitz, 2006)

1.4.2.1 Microcomputers
Microcomputers are stand-alone machines, small, low-cost and
single-user digital computer. It can be connected together to create a
network of computers that can serve more than one user. It consists of
CPU, input unit, output unit, storage unit and the software. (Beverley
Steitz, 2006).

Examples of microcomputers
 Desktop computers – or personal
computer (PC) which consists of three
(3) units –keyboard, monitor and
system unit containing the CPU,
memory, hard drive etc. It is suitable
to the needs of single user at home.
Some PC manufacturers are Apple,
Microsoft, HP, Dell and Lenovo.

 Notebook computers or Laptops – It

resembles like a notebook, portable and
have all the features of a desktop
computer. It is smaller in size compared
to PC (can be placed inside a brief
case), can be placed on the lap while
working.

 Netbook – smaller notebooks with

lesser weight and less expensive than
notebook and designed for accessing
we-based applications. You may use
netbooks for streaming videos or music,
emailing, web surfing and instant
messaging.

 Tablet computers – It has features like the

notebook but can accept data entry from a
stylus or pen instead of the keyboard and
mouse. These are the new kind of PCs.

11
  Handheld Computers – also called as
“Personal Digital Assistant” that can be
held on the top of a palm and do not
have a disk drive. It has limited
memory and less powerful than table
computers. It can be connected to the
Internet via a wireless connection. The
manufacturers are Casio and Apple.
PDA;s have merged into mobile phones
to create a smart phones.

 Smart Phones – Refers to cellular

phones (CP). It functions both as a
phone and a small PC. Stylus or a
pen, or a smaller keyboard. It can
be connected to the internet
wirelessly and can access the
electronic mail (e-mail), download
music, play games. The
manufacturers are Blackerry, Apple. HTC, Nokia and LG.

1.4.2.2 Minicomputers

Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations,

generally used in multi-user systems and can support 4 to 200 users
simultaneously. They have been very popular in business with high
processing speed and high storage capacity that the microcomputers.
Minis are frequently used to add computer power with mainframes.
Sometimes an organization decides to decentralize or distribute its
computer power to various stations or locations within user’s
departments. (Beverley Steitz, 2006).
Mini computers are ideal for processing data in a decentralized
mode since they are small. The input/output devices are lesser as
compared to mainframe. The speed is usually from 10 MIPS to onward.
RAM is from 2 MB to onward. They are usually used research centers
such as PDP 11, IBM (8000) series, IBM AS/400, IBM System 360, HP
3000, PRIME 9755 etc.
(http://ejaz007.expertscolumn.com/article/classification-computers-
according-size)

PDP 11 HP

Minicomputer - Network Computing Model

12
 The network
computing model -
the minicomputer
server is connected to
networked computers
used for a variety of
tasks e.g. reading e-
mail, browsing the
web, using word
processor software
held on the server,
saving files to the
server. The network
connects to the
internet, and the
terminals connect to a
printer via the network.
(Computer Bits and Bytes.
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?
id=30714&section=1.6.2)

1.4.2.3 Supercomputers

Super computers are the fastest, largest and costliest computers

available. The speed is in the 100 million instructions per second range.
They tend to be used for specific applications in weather forecasting,
aircraft design and nuclear research. Super computers are sometimes
used for time sharing as well. Memory size is in hundreds of megabytes.
Some examples of supercomputers are IBM Roadrunner, IBM Blue gene
and Intel ASCI red, PARAM assembled in India.
(http://ejaz007.expertscolumn.com/article/classification-computers-
according-size)

1.4.2.4 Mainframes
Mainframes are multi-user, multi-programming and high
performance computers usually used in organizations like banks or
companies where many people require frequent access to the same
data. It is the traditional medium and large scale computer systems
used in most business organizations for information processing. A
mainframe typically has an advanced control system and is capable of

13
 linking up with dozens of input/output units and even minis for
additional computer power.
The user accesses the mainframe computer via a terminal that may
be a dumb terminal, an intelligent terminal or a PC). A Dumb Terminal
has the input and output device only. Unlike the Intelligent Terminal,
it has the input and our device can do processing but cannot store data
on its own. The dumb terminal and the intelligent terminal use the
processing power and the storage capacity of the mainframe computer.
(http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/15316/153166701.pdf)

It can usually
perform from 16
MIPS to onward.
Memory size is
from 2 MB to
onward. Examples
are IBM 4300 and
3300 series,
Honeywell 700
series, NCR 800
series, CDC 6600
and IBM ES000
series.

1.3.Hybrid Computers

Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog

computers and digital computers. The digital component normally serves as
the controller and provides logical and numerical operations, while the
analog component often serves as a solver of differential equations and
other mathematically complex equations. The first desktop hybrid computing
system was the Hycomp 250, released by Packard Bell in 1961. (Wikipedia)

Examples of Hybrid Computers

Apple Hybrid Computer,

14
References:

Beverley Steitz. (2006). Retrieved at http://people.bu.edu/baws/computer

%20fundamental.html#:~:text=Data%20which%20is%20raw
%20facts,produce%20information%20which%20is%20output.

Google Images

Ejaz007 (2016). http://ejaz007.expertscolumn.com/article/classification-

computers-according-size
Computer Bits and Bytes. Retrieved at
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?
id=30714&section=1.6.2)

http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/15316/153166701.pdf

Hybrid Computers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_computer

Hobbyist & DIY Electronic Devices & Circuits,

https://www.brighthubengineering.com/diy-electronics-devices/97571-
difference-between-analog-and-digital-computing/

Lesson 1.4 Classifications of Computers

Formative Examination

TASK OBE-
SOURCE
Major Discussion of Each Examples LO1.1
Types of Type of Each Creative
Computer Type and
Critical
s
Thinking
1.

2.

3.

15
A. What are the major types of computers?

LO1.1
B. Explain the four types of digital computers. Creative
Types Discussion of Exampl and
of Each Type es of Critical
Thinking
Digital Each
Comput Type
er

1.

2.

3.

4.

LO1.1
Creative
C. Complete the following information for your summary on and
the Introduction to the Fundamentals of Computer Critical
Thinking

1. Computer is
_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. The concept of computer is input-process-output

concept. The data is
______________________________________________ called the
Input, and the ___________________________________ is the
Output. Whatever is the input by the user; the
computer processes it and produces an output.

3. The characteristics of computers are

____________________, ___________________,
___________________, ___________________,
____________________. However, computers have
limitations too such as _______________________,
________________________________________and
________________________________________.

4. The components of computer system are ____________,

_____________and _____________.
5. The three (3) major types of computers are ____________,
_____________and _____________.

16
 6. The classifications of digital computers are
_______________, __________, _________________,
_________________and ________________.
7. Any computer regardless of its size has an ____________,
_____________and _____________.

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Lesson 1 Computers: Definition, Characteristics, Components

and Classification

No. of
LESSON DESCRIPTION Item No.
Items
1.1 Basic Computer Terms 9, 11,12,13,14 5
1.2 Characteristics of Computer 6, 16-25, 26-30 16
1.3 Components of Computer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 43-
13
System 48

17
1.4 Classification of Computers 8, 15, 31-42,49, 50 16
Total 50

Summative Examination
Comp 001-Fundamentals of Computer

Lesson 1 Computers: Definition, Characteristics, Components and

Classification

Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________

Tech-Voch Program: _______________________ Comp 001
(Module 1)

Directions: Answer the following questions and submit this summative

exam which is part of the subject requirement of Comp 001.

I. Multiple Choice. Read the question carefully and choose the best answer
from the given choices. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.

_______1.Which of the following parts of the computer is used to encode

letters and numbers into the computer?
A. Monitor C. Mouse
B. Keyboard D. Speakers
_______2.The CPU is known as the brain of the computer, what does CPU
stand for?
A. Center Process Unit C. Central Processing Unit
B. Central Program Unit D. Center Progressing Unit
_______3.Princess wants to listen to music on her desktop computer, what
computer part must she have to do so?
A. Monitor C. Mouse
B. Keyboard D. Speakers
_______4.Which of the following computer parts is the device that looks
like a television?
A. Monitor C. Laptop
B. Keyboard D. Speakers
_______5.Which of the following is the correct meaning of the acronym
USB?
A. Universal Serious Bass C. Uniform Serial Bus
B. Universal Serial Bus D. Universal Serial Bass
_______6.Which of the following characteristics of computers that refers to
the ability of computers to perform different tasks at the same
time?
A. Speed C. Diligence
B. Accuracy D. Versatility
_______7.Which of the components of computer is the set of instructions
that direct the computer on what to perform?
A. Hardware C. Peopleware
B. Software D. Microware
_______8.Which of the types of computers considered the most expensive
computers?
A. Microcomputers C. Mainframes

18
 B. Supercomputers D. Minicomputers
_______9.Which of the following refers to the raw facts that the user enter
into the computer?
A. Information C. Data
B. Keyboard D. Software
_______10. What is the most important element in the computer system,
without it, the computer becomes useless?
A. User C. Software
B. Hardware D. Microcomputers
_______11. ____________refers to the information produced by the
computer?
A. Data C. Input
B. Output D. Information
_______12. ____________refers to words, numbers, sound and pictures or
the raw facts that the user enter into the computer?
A. Data C. Input
B. Output D. Information
_______13. ____________refers to electronic machine that accepts data,
stores and processes data into information?
A. Computer C. Input/Output Device
B. CPU D. Internet
_______14. ____________refers to the process of a user entering data into
the computer?
A. Data C. Input
B. Ouput D. Information
_______15. Hycomp 250 is an example of _______________?
A. Analog Computers C. Hybrid Computers
B. Digital Computers D. Microcomputers

Test II. Essay

16-25. What are the advantages of computers? Provide at least five (5)
positive characteristics and explain each. (2 points each)

26-30. What are the limitations of computers?

What are the types of digital computers?

Types of Digital Discussion of Each Type Examples of
Computers Each Type

19
 31-33.

34-36.

37-39.

40-42.

III. Label the basic computer unit.

43 44 45

46 47 48
Lesson 1 Computers: Definition, Characteristics, Components and
Classification

49. Example of Analog Computer: ________________________.

50. Example of Digital Computer:__________________________.

Lesson 2: Computer Software

I. Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, it is expected that you shall be able to:
1. Identify computer software.
2. Identify the types of software.

20
 3. Differentiate system software and application software.
4. Recognize the importance of software and hardware in the
computer system.

II. Lesson Outline

Lesson 2: Computer Software
2.3 Definition of Computer Software
2.4 Types of Software
2.4.1 System Software
2.2.2 Application Software

III. Lesson Content

2.1 Definition of Computer Software

Software refers to applications, scripts and a set of programs that can

be stored electronically, used to operate computers and perform specific
tasks. Program is a set of instructions (data) written in a language
understood by computer to perform a specific task. It can be thought of as
the variable part of a computer and the hardware is the invariable part of the
computer. The software instructs the hardware about the tasks to be
performed. Different software cannot be loaded on the same hardware to
perform different kinds of task. All programs (not tangible) are called
software. (Beverley Steitz, 2006)

Below are the icons representing the examples of software/programs

Software can be purchased or acquired in the following ways:

 Shareware -- usually distributed on a free or trial basis, with the intention

of sale when the period is over.

 Liteware -- a type of shareware with some capabilities disabled until the

full version is purchased.

 Freeware -- can be downloaded for free but with copyright restrictions.

 Public domain software -- can be downloaded for free without restrictions.

 Open source software -- a type of software where the source code is

furnished and users agree not to limit the distribution of improvements.

21
 Proprietary software -- software that remains the property of its
owner/creator and is used by end users or organizations under predefined
conditions.

Today, much of the purchased software, shareware and freeware is

directly downloaded over the internet. In these cases, software can be found
on specific software industry vendor websites or application service
providers. However, software can also be packaged onto CD-
ROMs or diskettes and sold physically to a consumer. (Software, 2020.
Retrieved at
https://searchapparchitecture.techtarget.com/definition/software#:~:text=S
oftware%20is%20a%20set%20of,that%20run%20on%20a%20device.)

References:
Beverley Steitz. (2006). Retrieved at http://people.bu.edu/baws/computer
%20fundamental.html#:~:text=Data%20which%20is%20raw
%20facts,produce%20information%20which%20is%20output.
Software (2020). Retrieved at
https://searchapparchitecture.techtarget.com/definition/software#:~:tex
t=Software%20is%20a%20set%20of,that%20run%20on%20a
%20device.)

Lesson 2.1 Definition of Software

Formative Examination

22
 TASK OBE-SOURCE
1. What is software? LO1.1 Creative and
Critical Thinking

2. What is program?

3. How can you purchase or acquire software?

2.2 Types of Computer Software

There are two (2) types of software namely: (Mahesh Parahar, 2020)

2.2.1 System Software

23
 The System Software consist of the Operating System and all the
utilities that enable the computer to function. The system software
actually controls the hardware so that application software can
perform any action or task. Without the system software, the computer
will not function.

That is why when you buy a personal computer/laptop, there is a

need to install first the necessary softwares and that is the system
software for the computer to function and you can install application
software for the you to manipulate.

Features of System Software

o Close to system
o Fast in speed
o Difficult to design
o Difficult to understand
o Less interactive
o Smaller in size
o Difficult to manipulate
o Generally written in low level language
Example: Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter,
macOS, GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows, computational science
software, game engines, industrial automation, and software as a
service applications and etc…

a. Operating System (OS)

 An operating system is software which manages computer
hardware and software resources.
 It also provides common services to computer programs.
 The operating system is an essential component of the system
software in a computer system. Application programs are
dependent on operating system to function.
Examples of Operating Systems to be installed in a computer.

b. Utilities
 Utilities software is system software which is manufactured to
help ,analyze, configure, optimize or to maintain a computer.
 It also helps in maintenance and problem solving of a computer.
Common Types
 Hardware utilities
 Virus-detection and recovery utilities
 File-compression utilities
 Spam and pop-up blocker utilities
 Backup
 Uninstall

c. Device Drivers
 Device driver is actually a communication device between device
and computer.

24
  It loads every time in memory
 When a new device is added the driver should be installed in
order to run the program.

Example of new device that needs the driver in a

CD to be installed is printer with scanner to be
able to used it with the computer.

d. Language Translators
 Laguage translator is a programming
language processor that converts a computer program from one
language to another. It takes a program written in source code
and converts it into machine code.

2.2.2 Application Software

o Application Software includes programs that do real work for

user.
o It is designed for the users to perform their specific tasks.
o It consists of programs that are designed to make users more
comfortable or productive to assist personal tasks
o It is present on computer hard disk and it can also be stored on
CDs, DVDs, and flash or keychain storage devices.

Examples of Application Software are Payroll systems, Inventory

Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and
Database Management System etc.,

All programs
that you use
installed in the
computer are called
Application
Softwares.

There are forms of application software and these are the following:

a. Packaged Software
A software which is sold in a bundle due to similar
function of programs such as Microsoft office, windows
Cd etc

25
b. Custom Software
This is software which is specially made for an
organization as per their requirement such as
Attendance system, Security code system etc…

c. Web Application
A web application is any application that uses a web
browser such google docs and drop box.

d. Open Source Software

Open source software is

made available to every one and
can be change, modify and
distribute to public without any
notification. Examples are Linux,
Moodle, Wordpress, Drupal.

e. Free Ware
Free ware is the software that is
freely available to public but author has a
copy right, means that you can only use
it,not sell
it. Example is antivirus

f. Share Ware
Share ware is actually delivered free of charge but some time the
owner ask for money to get registered, so that they can send updates
in future. It can be copied but cannot be sold. Examples are Dino
Numbers and Microsoft office

g. Public Domain Software

Public domain software is totally
free and it is not copyrighted plus it
has no restriction. Examples are
SQlite, Blast, I2P

26
 The above diagram shows the relationships of software and hardware.
Software is basically classified into two categories, System Software and
Application Software. The System Software acts as an interface between
Application Software and hardware of the computer. It is designed to
manage the system resources and it also provides a platform for Application
Software to run. The Application Software acts an interface between user
and System Software. It is designed for the users to perform their specific
tasks.

References:
Mahesh Parahar (2020). Difference between System software and Application
software. Retrieved at https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-
between-system-software-and-application-software#:~:text=System
%20software%20is%20used%20for,user%20to%20perform%20specific
%20task.&text=System%20software%20are%20installed
%20on,installed%20according%20to%20user's%20requirements.

27
 2.2 Types of Software
Formative Examination

TASK OBE-
SOURCE
LO1.1
Creative
and
Critical
Thinking

Explain the following with specific examples (refer to the diagram

above)

1. Application Software

2. System Software

3. Hardware

4. What is the importance of Hardware and Software in the

Computer System?

Complete the following information for your summary on the LO1.1

Lesson 2 – Computer Software. Creative
1. System Software is designed to and
________________________________________________________________ Critical
________________________________________________________________On Thinking
the other hand, the Application Software is designed
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. The System Software starts running
____________________________
_________________________________________The Application Software
starts __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. A system cannot run without the
____________________________ whereas, the
______________________________ is user specific they are not
required to run a system; they are meant only for the users.

28
4. Both, the _____________________________ and the
_______________________ together make a system useful for the
end user. The System Software is compulsory for the system to
work. Similarly, the Application Software are necessary for the
user to perform their specific task.

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
Lesson 2 Computer Software

LESSON DESCRIPTION Item No. No. of Items

2.1 Definition of Computer Software 10, 11-20 11

2.2 Types of Computer Software 1-9, 21-34, 35-40 29

Total 40

Summative Examination
Comp 001-Fundamentals of Computer

Lesson 2 Computer Software

Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________
Tech-Voch Program: _______________________ Comp 001
(Module 1)
Directions: Answer the following questions and submit this summative
exam which is part of the subject requirement of Comp 001.

I. Multiple Choice. Read the question carefully and choose the best answer
from the given choices. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.
_______1.Which of the following is the essential component of the system
software?
A. Utilities C. Operating System
B. Language Translators D. Device Driver
_______2.Which of the following communicates a new device to the
computer?
A. Utilities C. Operating System
B. Language Translators D. Device Driver
_______3.Which of the following is not an operating system?
A. Windows XP C. Windows 2000
B. Windows 7 D. Microsoft Office
_______4.Which of the following is not application software?
A. Microsoft Office C. Windows 10
B. Youtube D. Facebook
_______5.Which of the application software is specially made for an
organization?
A. Attendance System C. Google
B. Microsoft Word D. Windows
_______6.Microsoft Office is an example of _________________?
A. Packaged Software C. Free Ware
B. Web applications D. Open Source
_______7.Google docs is an example of _________________?
A. Packaged Software C. Free Ware

29
 B. Web applications D. Open Source
_______8.Wordpress is an example of ________________________?
A. Packaged Software C. Free Ware
B. Web applications D. Open Source
_______9.Anti-virus is an example of ________________________?
A. Packaged Software C. Free Ware
B. Web applications D. Open Source
_______10. Refers to a set of instructions (data) written in a language
understood by computer to perform a specific task.
A. Data C. Applications
B. Information D. Programs

Test II. Essay

11-15. What is a software?

16-20. What is the difference of software and program?

Explain the seven (7) forms of application software. 2pts each

21-22. ________________

23-24. ________________

25-26. ________________

27-28. ________________

29-30. ________________

31-32. ________________

33-34. ________________

Explain the at least three (3) types of system software. 2pts each

35-36. ________________

30
37-38. ________________

39-40. ________________

Lesson 3 - Computer Basics

I. Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, it is expected that you shall be able to:
1. Identify folders, menus and windows of program applications.
2. Identify icons representing the program/software.
3. Familiarize the basic computer skills in using the computer.

II. Lesson Outline

Lesson 3: Computer Basics
a. Folders, Menus, Windows
b. Selecting and Clicking Using the Mouse

III. Lesson Content

Computer Basics
3.1 Folders, Menus, Windows

Desktop is the screen or the

information that appears on the
computer soon after the computer is
turned on. It contains a number of
icons or images that you can click on
start programs.

Icon is the small picture of image

representing a command (such as
print), a file, or a program. When
you click or double click on an icon,
you start a command, open a file or
launch a program. (Christine Anning
J, 2011).
Some icons

31
Folder Icons
Folder (s) is/are similar to storing files in a physical file cabinet, you store
computer files such as documents or picture, in a folder. To open a folder
you double-click on the folder icon with the left mouse button. When you
open a folder its contents will appear in a window.

Menus
The menu bar contains the commands that you select to make choices
in a program. All programs may it be internet programs, microsoft office
programs and when you open folders, you can see the menu bars. All menu
bars contain tool bars with different useful functions.

Window (s)
Window is framed area of a computer screen that appears in front of
the desktop. The appearance of a window means that you have entered
another website or it may mean you are still on the same page or website.
The computer is versatile as discussed in the characteristics of computers.
One of the examples of versatility is you can have multiple windows open at
the same time. The active window moves to the front of the others. All
windows are allowing users to either minimize or maximize windows.

32
Task Bar
Task Bar is a bar at the edge of the display of a graphical user
interface (GUI) that allows quick access to current or favorite applications. It
is an element of a GUI which has various purposes. It typically shows which
programs are currently running. The specific design and layout of the taskbar
varies between individual operating systems, but generally assumes the
form of a strip located along one edge of the screen.
Minimize, Maximize and Close Buttons
The minimize button has an icon underscore (_) or minus sign (-)
usually in the top right corner of the window to hide a window. The window
will disappear, but you can bring the window back by clicking on its button in
the task bar. The Minimize button shrinks the window and places it on the
taskbar while leaving the program running.
Usually, the next icon after minimize button in any window is the
maximize button. The Maximize button, which looks like a small window,
allows the user to enlarge or adjust the size of window to cover the entire
desktop or depending on the user’s preference. After a window is maximized,
the Maximize button changes to the Restore button. There are different icons
for maximize button depending on the version of the Windows. See below
icons for maximize buttons.
Next to the maximize button is the icon marked as “X” is the
exit/close button of the window.

Maximize
Button

33
References:
Christine Anning J (2011). Modified by Emilie Hanson (2012). Computer
Basics. Retrieved at http://www.jyukawa.com/documents/m1-computers-
handouts.pdf

Lesson 3.1 Folders, Menus, Windows

Formative Examination

OBE-
TASK
SOURCE
LO1.1
Creative and
Critical
Thinking

4. There are different images of the maximize button LO1.1

depending on the version of Microsoft Windows installed Creative and
in a computer, Thus, draw the different images of Critical
maximize button. Thinking

5. Identify the images/pictures and briefly discuss.

6. Draw a window and label each part. It should include

the active window, inactive window, taskbar, minimize,
maximize and close button.

34
3.2 Selecting and Clicking using the Mouse
Usual Functions when navigating in the
Right
computer (Christine Anning J, 2011).
Mouse
Left
1. Clicking with the use of Mouse
Mouse
Pressing and releasing a button on a mouse to Button
select or activate the area
on the screen where the cursor is pointing. Usually, you
click on the left side of the mouse (called a left click).
For
more advanced functions, you click
on the right side of the mouse
called a right click).
2. Selecting with the mouse

 To move the insertion point, click with the left mouse button.
 To select some text, drag across a region: hold down the left mouse
button, move the mouse, and release the button when the desired
text is selected.
 To select an entire word, double-click on any character of a word.
 To select a whole element such as a list item, click its bullet or number.
 To extend the selection, click with the left mouse button while holding
down the Shift key.
(http://www.mit.edu/afs.new/sipb/project/amaya/src/Amaya/doc/html/
selecting/selecting_with_keyboard_and_mouse.html)
Cursor
The cursor is a small image on the screen indicating where you are
pointing; the mouse controls the movements of the cursor. The cursor can
appear in different forms, including: (Christine Anning J, 2011).
Cursor Images Cursor Name Meaning/Indicators
(Description)
Arrow Indicates where your
mouse is positioned on
the screen
I-beam (often Marks a place on the
blinking) screen where you can
enter or
select text.

35
 Moving circle or Indicates that the
hourglass computer
is doing a task. You must
wait until it disappears
before proceeding.
Pointing hand Indicates that you are
hovering over a link,
which
when clicked

Other images of cursor

References:

Christine Anning J (2011). Modified by Emilie Hanson (2012). Computer

Basics. Retrieved at http://www.jyukawa.com/documents/m1-computers-
handouts.pdf
http://www.mit.edu/afs.new/sipb/project/amaya/src/Amaya/doc/html/
selecting/selecting_with_keyboard_and_mouse.html

Lesson 3.2 Selecting and Clicking Using the Mouse

Formative Examination

TASK OBE-
SOURCE
LO1.1
Creative
and
Critical
Thinking

II. Complete the following information for your summary on LO1.1

the Lesson 3 – Computer Basics. Creative
1. __________, ___________ and ___________ are available and
and have the same function to all application software. Critical
2. Icons refer to Thinking

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Create a ___________ to store similar files for
organization of files and documents in the computer.
4. _____________ contains the command in all internet
programs, Microsoft office programs and other
programs.

36
 5. ________________is the frame of the computer screen that
appears when you open a program and minimizes,
maximize and close button are always available on the
upper right corner of the window.
6. The mouse has a ____________ and ___________ button
where you can click/select using the left button and use
the right button for more advanced functions. The
mouse controls _____________________________________.
Common cursor images are ____________, ____________,
____________and ____________. There are many other
images of cursor available in computer setting.

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Lesson 3 Computer Basics

No. of
LESSON DESCRIPTION Item No.
Items
1,2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,
3.1 Folders, Menus, Windows 9, 11, 12, 13, 22- 17
27
3.2 Selecting and Clicking using the
5, 10, 14-21 28-30 13
Mouse
Total 30
Summative Examination
Comp 001-Fundamentals of Computer

Lesson 3 Computer Basics

Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________

Tech-Voch Program: _______________________ Comp 001
(Module 1)

Directions: Answer the following questions and submit this summative

exam which is part of the subject requirement of Comp 001.

I. Multiple Choice. Read the question carefully and choose the best answer
from the given choices. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.

_______1. Which of the computer terms refer to the initial screen when you
turned on any type of computer?

37
 A. Monitor C. Icon
B. Desktop D. Folder
_______2. Which of the computer terms refer to the different small images
representing a program usually seen in computer?
A. Icon C. Pictures
B. Applications D. Offices
_______3. Which of the computer terms refer to commands usually
available tools below the title bar of any program/software?
A. Menus C. Window
B. Browsers D. Tool Bars
_______4. Which of the following computer terms can be seen the edge of
the display of a graphical user interface (GUI) that looks like a bar and
allows quick access applications?
A. Menus C. Task Bar
B. Window D. Tool Bars
_______5. Which of the following computer terms is a small image
indicating where you are pointing at?
A. Mouse C. Left Button
B. Cursor D. Right Button
_______6. Which of the following button shrink the window and places it on
the task bar?
A. Exit/Close Button C. Minimize
B. Left Click Button D. Maximize
_______7. Which of the following button allows the user to enlarge or adjust
the size of window to cover the entire desktop or depending on the user’s
preference?
A. Exit/Close Button C. Minimize
B. Left Click Button D. Maximize
_______8. Which of the following computer terms are similar to storing files
in a physical cabinet?
A. Information C. Icon
B. Folder D. Desktop
_______9. The GUI stands for?
A. Graphical User Interface C. Graphical User Images
B. Graph Use Interface D. Graphical Usage Interface
_______10. When you select, you usually click the _____button of the mouse?
A. Left C. Right
B. Center D. Left and Right

II. A. Label the pictures.

11. 12. 13.

B. Identify the cursor Images and provide the needed information to

complete the table.

38
 Cursor Images Cursor Name Meaning/Indicators
(Description)
14. 15.

16. 17.

18. 19.

20. 21.

C. Identify parts of the windows.

25.
24.

23.

22.

26.

27.
39
Test III. ESSAY
28-30) What is the usefulness of mouse? Why is it important to know about
it?

40