UNIT IV NEURO FUZZY MODELING
ANFIS architecture
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system or adaptive network-based fuzzy inference
system (ANFIS) is a kind of artificial neural network that is based on Takagi–Sugeno
fuzzy inference system. The technique was developed in the early 1990s. Since it integrates both
neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, it has potential to capture the benefits of both in a
single framework. Its inference system corresponds to a set of fuzzy IF–THEN rules that have
learning capability to approximate nonlinear functions.
For simplicity, we assume that the fuzzy inference sytem under consideration has two inputs x
and y and one output z. For a first-orderTakagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, a common rule set with two
fuzzy if-then rules is the following:
Rule 1: If x is A1 and y is B1, then f1=p1x+q1y+r1;
Rule 2: If x is A2 and y is B2, then f2=p2x+q2y+r2;
Figure (a) A two inputs first order Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model with two rules; (b) The equivalent
ANFIS architecture. Figure (a) illustrates the reasoning mechanism for this Takagi-Sugeno model;
where nodes of the same layer have similar functions. (Here we denote the output of the ith node in
layer l as Ol,i )
Layer 1 Every node i in this layer is an adaptive node with a node function Layer 1 Every node i in this
layer is an adaptive node with a node function where x (or y) is the input to node i and Ai (or Bi-2) is
a linguistic label (such as "small" or "large") associated with this node. In other words, O1,i is the
membership grade of a fuzzy set A ( =A1 , A2 , B1 or B2 ) and it specifies the degree to which the
given input x (or y) satifies the quantifier A. Here the membership function for A can be any
appropriate parameterized membership function introduced inhere, such as the generalized bell
function:
where wi is a normalized firing strength from layer 3 and {pi, qi, ri} is the parameter set of this node.
Parameters in this layer are referred to as consequent parameters. Layer 5 The single node in this
layer is a fixed node labeled ∑, which computes the overall output as the summation of all incoming
signals:
HYBRID LEARNING
ANFIS is a Universal Aproximator
When the number of rules is not restricted, a zero-order Sugeno model has unlimited
approximation power for matching well any nonlinear function arbitrarily on a compact set. This
can be proved using the Stone-Weierstrass theorem. Let domain D be a compact space of N
dimensions, and let F be a set of continuous real-valued functions on D satisfying the following
criteria:
Stone-Weierstrauss theorem – I
Identity function: The constant f ( x) = 1 is in F. Separability: For any two points x1 ≠ x 2 in
D, there is an f in F such that f ( x1 ) ≠f ( x 2 ).
Algebraic closure: If f and g are any two functions in F, then fg and af + bg are in F for any two
real numbers a and b.
Identity Function
Identity function: The constant f ( x) = 1 is in F. The first hypothesis requires that our fuzzy
inference system be able to compute the identity function f ( x) = 1. An obvious solution is to set
the consequence part of each rule equal to one.
Separability: For any two points x1 # x2 in D, there is an f in F such that f(x1) # f(x2). The
second hypothesis requires that our fuzzy inference system be able to compute functions that
have different values for different points. This is achievable by any fuzzy inference system with
appropriate parameters.
Algebraic closure addition: If f and g are any two functions in F, then af + bg are in F for any
two real numbers a and b. • Suppose that we have two fuzzy inference systems S and Sˆ; each of
them has two rules. • The final output of each system is specified as
CANFIS (coactive neuro fuzzy inference system)
CANFIS has extended basic ideas of its predecessor ANFIS (Adaptive Network based Fuzzy
Inference System).In this ANFIS concept has been extended to any number of input-/output pairs
.In addition, CANFIS yields advantages from non linear fuzzy rules. This CANFIS realizes the sugeno –
type ( or TSK)fuzzy inferencing accomplishing fuzzy ifthen rules such as ,If X is A1
and Y is B1, Then C1=p1X+q1Y+r1.
FRAMEWORK
Toward Multiple Inputs/Outputs Systems
CANFIS has extended the notion of a single-output system, ANFIS, to produce multiple
outputs. One way to get multiple outputs is to place as many ANFIS models side by side
as there are required outputs. In this MANFIS (multiple ANFIS) model, no modifiable
parameters are shared by
the juxtaposed ANFIS models. That is, each ANFIS has an independent set of fuzzy
rules, which makes it difficult to realize possible certain correlations between outputs. An
additional concern resides in the number of adjustable parameters, which drastically
increases as outputs increase.
Another way of generating multiple outputs is to maintain the same antecedents of fuzzy
rules among multiple ANFIS models.
Architectural Comparisons
Neuro fuzzy spectrum
UNIT -5
APPLICATIONS
Modeling a two input sine function
always ends with 0.5
Printed Character Recognition
– Plasma Spectrum Analysis
– Hand written neural recognition
Soft Computing for Color Recipe Prediction.
the
paint industry.
In this ,
