LESSON 18 - LINE GRAPH

By Asilbek Yusupov (Overall 9.0x3)

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Line graphs
• Model Answers
• Essay comparison
 LINE GRAPHS SHOW NUMBERS
CHANGING OVER A PERIOD OF TIME.
(INCREASES – DECREASES)
 MY METHOD

• Focus on the first year in paragraph one

• Focus on the last year in paragraph two
Model Essay by Simon:

The graph shows changes in the number of cars per household in Great Britain over a
period of 36 years.

Overall, car ownership in Britain increased between 1971 and 2007. In particular, the
percentage of households with two cars rose, while the figure for households without a car
fell.

In 1971, almost half of all British households did not have regular use of a car. Around 44%
of households had one car, but only about 7% had two cars. It was uncommon for families
to own three or more cars, with around 2% of households falling into this category.

The one-car household was the most common type from the late 1970’s onwards
although there was little change in the figures for this category. The biggest change was
seen in the proportion of households without a car, which fell steadily over the 36-year
period to around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the proportion of two-car families rose steadily,
reaching about 26% in 2007, and the proportion of households with more than two cars
rose by around 5%.
My model essay:

The line graph shows the average weekly consumption per person of four types of
meat—beef, chicken, lamb, and fish—over a 25-year period from 1979 to 2004.

Overall, while beef, lamb, and fish saw declining consumption levels, the figure for
chicken rose steadily, eventually becoming the most consumed meat. Throughout the
period, fish consistently remained the least consumed of the four types of meat.

In 1979, beef was the most consumed meat, with an average weekly consumption of
around 220 grams per person. Both lamb and chicken were consumed at similar
levels, just below 150 grams per week. Fish consumption, meanwhile, was the
lowest, averaging slightly above 60 grams per week.

By 2004, chicken consumption became increasingly common, surpassing beef in

1989 and peaking at just under 250 grams per person per week by the end of the
period. In contrast, the consumption of beef and lamb declined significantly, dropping
to approximately 120 grams and 70 grams per week, respectively. Fish consumption
remained relatively stable, with a slight decrease, consistently staying below 50
grams throughout the 25-year period.
Model Essay by Simon:

The line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different
sources of power over a period of 32 years.

It is clear that nuclear power was by far the most important means of electricity
generation over the period shown. Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity
in each year.

In 1980, thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France, generating
around 120 terawatt hours of power. Nuclear and hydroelectric power stations produced
just under 75 terawatt hours of electricity each, and renewables provided a negligible
amount. Just one year later, nuclear power overtook thermal power as the primary
source of electricity.

Between 1980 and 2005, electricity production from nuclear power rose dramatically to a
peak of 430 terawatt hours. By contrast, the figure for thermal power fell to only 50
terawatt hours in 1985, and remained at this level for the rest of the period. Hydroelectric
power generation remained relatively stable, at between 50 and 80 terawatt hours, for
the whole 32-year period, but renewable electricity production saw only a small rise to
approximately 25 terawatt hours by 2012.
BUT …
My model essay:

The line graph compares the amount of ozone (measured in micrograms) in one city
on June 15th in four separate years.

It is clear that ozone levels in this particular city increased during the day in all four
years. We can also see that while the figures for 2012 and 2002 were almost
identical and peaked at midday, the respective levels for 1992 and 1982 showed
similar upward trends over the period given.

The ozone concentration in the air at the start of June 15th was under 50
micrograms in 1982 and 1992. The figure for 1992 stayed at this level until 7 am
before rising steadily over time to less than 100 micrograms at the end of the day.
The 1982 level showed a similar trend overall but ended with roughly 75 micrograms.

In 2002 and 2012, the amount of ozone in the city saw a slight increase from around
50 micrograms at the beginning of the day to nearly 65 mcg by 6 am, after which the
figures for both years rose dramatically, reaching a peak of more than 250
micrograms at midday. After this peak, however, ozone levels considerably declined
to over 100 micrograms as the day came to its end.
My model essay:

The bar chart compares four various countries in terms of how much electricity (in billion
kilowatt hours) they produced using wind power from 2000 to 2012.

Overall, it is clear that all four countries shown on the chart experienced varying degrees of
increase in their electricity production from wind energy over the period given. We can also
see that the biggest rise was observed in the USA throughout this period.

Looking at the graph more closely, the USA and Germany produced roughly the same amount
of electricity using wind power, at around 10 billion kilowatt hours in 2000. Over the following 6
years, the figures for both countries rose steadily reaching just over 20 billion kilowatt hours.
From 2006 to 2012, however, electricity generation from wind energy in the USA increased
dramatically, reaching a peak of almost 140 billion kilowatt hours, while Germany’s electricity
output from the same source merely doubled, to over 40 billion kilowatt hours.

With regard to China and India, the former did not produce any electricity from wind energy in
2000, while the latter’s output was negligible. 8 years later, the amount of electric power
coming from wind energy rose to nearly 20 billion kilowatt hours for both nations, after which
China’s figure saw a huge increase to almost 100 billion by 2012, while India’s witnessed a
two-fold rise to just under 40 billion.
Model Essay by Simon:

The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and
landline phone services from 2001 to 2010.

It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year period,
while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The year 2006 marks the point at
which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.

In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone

services, compared to only around $200 on cell phone services. Over the following
five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200. By
contrast, expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300.

In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money on both
types of phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on
mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on
residential services had fallen to just over half this amount
Model Essay by Simon:

The line graph compares figures for daily travel by workers in the UK using three
different forms of transport over a period of 60 years.

It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means of transport for UK
commuters throughout the period shown. Also, while the numbers of people who
use the car and train increase gradually, the number of bus users falls steadily.

In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis, while the
bus and train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people respectively. In the
year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to 7 million and the number of
commuting rail passengers reached 3 million. However, there was a small drop of
approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users.

By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is expected to reach almost 9
million, and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million. By
contrast, buses are predicted to become a less popular choice, with only 3 million
daily users.
My model essay:

The line graph illustrates changes in book spending over a decade from 1995 to
2005 across four different countries.

Overall, it is clear that all the countries shown experienced an upward trend in
their book expenditure over the period given. We can also see that Germany had
the highest spending throughout this decade.

In 1995, Germany spent the most on books, at approximately 80 million dollars,

followed by France and Italy, at around 55 and 50 million dollars respectively,
while Austria's book spending amounted to about 30 million dollars. By 1999,
spending on books in Germany and Austria had increased by almost 10 million
dollars, while Italy's spending remained at the same level as in 1995, despite a
slight increase in 1997. France's book expenditure also experienced a small rise,
reaching over 60 million dollars.

From 1999 to 2005, Austria's book spending almost doubled to more than 60
million dollars, while Germany's spending increased by around 5 million dollars.
France and Italy also saw significant growth in their book spending figures,
reaching around 75 and 62 million dollars respectively by 2005.
 INTRODUCTION

BAND 6.0-6.5 BAND 8.0+

The line graph gives informations The line graph shows the average
about the eating of four types of meat weekly consumption per person of
(beef, chicken, lamb, and fish) for four types of meat—beef, chicken,
person for week from 1979 to 2004. lamb, and fish—over a 25-year
period from 1979 to 2004.
 OVERVIEW

BAND 6.0-6.5 BAND 8.0+

Overall, what clearly stands out from Overall, while beef, lamb, and fish saw
this very graph given is that there was declining consumption levels, the figure
a falling in consuming of beef, lamb, for chicken rose steadily, eventually
and fish, while chicken became more becoming the most consumed meat.
popular over the time. Chicken Throughout the period, fish consistently
consuming increased a lot and became remained the least consumed of the four
the most prefered meat, while fish types of meat.
stayed as less popular in all the years.
 MAIN PARAGRAPH 1

BAND 6.0-6.5 BAND 8.0+

Looking more closely, beef was the In 1979, beef was the most consumed
most eaten meat in 1979, and it was meat, with an average weekly
about 220 per individual every week. consumption of around 220 grams per
Chicken and lamb had similar indexes. person. Both lamb and chicken were
Fish was the less consumed meat, consumed at similar levels, just below 150
which was just over 60 per person per grams per week. Fish consumption,
week. meanwhile, was the lowest, averaging
slightly above 60 grams per week.
 MAIN PARAGRAPH 2

BAND 6.0-6.5 BAND 8.0+

By the year 2004, chicken eating rose By 2004, chicken consumption became
a lot, taking over beef in 1989 and increasingly common, surpassing beef in
reaching its nadir of 250 grams per 1989 and peaking at just under 250
person. On the other hand, beef and grams per person per week by the end of
lamb consuming plunged very much, the period. In contrast, the consumption of
and there about 70 grams and 120 beef and lamb declined significantly,
grams per week. Eating fish also went dropping to approximately 120 grams and
70 grams per week, respectively. Fish
down but not by much, because
consumption remained relatively stable,
staying around 50 grams through most
with a slight decrease, consistently
of the time. staying below 50 grams throughout the
25-year period.
HOMEWORK