LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE LEARNING MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

PRINCIPLES

Clarification of terms and concept - This involves defining and explaining key terms and concepts to
ensure everyone has a common understanding

Systematic evaluation of materials - This involves assessing the effectiveness of learning materials in a
structured and consistent manner

Application of current research -This involves using findings from recent research to inform the
development of materials

Valuing teacher and learner beliefs -This involves taking into account the views and experiences of both
teachers and learners when developing materials

Pooling Resources-This involves bringing together different resources and expertise to create better
materials

Alignment with learning objectives -This means that the content, activities, a and assessment within the
materials should directly support the stated learning objectives.

Relevance to students -The materials should connect the students lives and experiences to make
learning more meaningful

Active engagement -The materials should promote active engagement, requiring students to interact
with the material rather than passively receive information.

Variety-Different students have diff. learning styles some learns best by reading, others b listening, and
others by doing.

Clarity and Conciseness-Materials should be easy to understand and not overly complicated .

Feedback and Assessment -Regular assessment help students and teachers gauge understanding and
progress.

Flexibility- Materials should be adaptable to cater to different student needs and context.

Inclusion and Tech. -Tech can enhance learning by providing interactive experiences and access to
resources.

PROCESSES

GERNERAL STEPS

1. Introduction
2. R and D
3. Evaluation
4. Implementation
5. Review and Improvement

SPECIFIC STEPS
 1. Identify Instructional Goals
The educator identifies what the students should know or be able to do ate the end of the
course.
2. Conduct and instructional analysis
this involves breaking down the instructional goal into smaller, manageable parts.
3. Identify entry behaviors and characteristics
this involves understanding what the students already know and their learning styles.
4. Write performance objectives
5. These are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound (SMART) goals that
students should achieve
6. Develop Criterion-referenced test items
These are assessments that measure the students understanding against a fixed set
predetermined criterion.
7. Develop/ Select instructional materials
this involves gathering or creating the materials needed for instruction.
8. Design and conduct the formative evaluation
this involve collecting feedback during instruction and make adjustments as needed.
9. Revise instruction
Based on the feedback from the formative evaluation the instruction is revised to better meet
the students needs.
10. Conduct summative evaluation
this is the final assessment to see if the instructional goals were met.

CONTEXTUALIZED AND LOCALIZED MATERIALS

Are instructional materials that are adapted to the local conditions, environment, and resources, a and
presented in an meaningful and relevant context based on previous experiences and real life situations.

CONTEXTUALIZED MATERIALS

Designed to connect what students are learning to real-world situations and applications

LOCALIZED MATERIALS

Adapted to the local conditions, environment, and resources.

BENEFITS

Enhances understanding – contextualized and localized learning materials can make abstract concepts
more concrete, and thus easier to understand.

Increases Engagement- when students see their own lives and experiences reflected in their learning
materials, they are likely to be more interested and invested in the materials.

Promotes Cultural Awareness- localized materials can help students appreciate their own culture and
understand its place in the wider world.

Improves learning outcomes-when learning materials are relevant to students own lives, they can more
easily relate new information to what they already know, aiding comprehension and retention.
Facilitates real world application- contextualized learning materials can demonstrate the real world
relevance of academic concepts, enhancing students ability to apply what they’ve learned outside the
classroom.

Encourage Critical thinking- contextualized and localized materials can stimulate critical thinking as they
allow students to analyze and reflect on familiar contexts.

Supports inclusive education- localized materials can help create an inclusive learning environment by
acknowledging and valuing the diverse experiences and identities of students.

Promotes lifelong learning- when students can relate their learning to their own lives and experiences,
they are more likely to become lifelong learners.

Strengthens community ties- using localized materials can strengthen ties between the school and the
local community.

Preserve local culture and heritage- localized materials can play a crucial role in preserving and
promoting local culture and heritage.

TYPES

Visual aids. - these are tools that use visual elements to aid in learning. They can help students visualize
concepts and ideas, making them easier to understand.

Audio aids- these are tools that use sound to facilitate learning. They can be particularly useful for
auditory learners, who learns best by listening.

Audio0Visual Aids- these are tools that combine both visual and auditory elements. They can be
particularly effective at engaging multiple senses, making learning more immersive.

Computer- assisted learning- use of computer and digital tech. to enhance learning. Can provide
interactive leaning experiences.

Textbooks- provide a structured approach to learning, often including a variety of literary works, critical
essays, and discussion questions. They cater to learners who prefer the read/write learning styles.

Workbooks- they are interactive learning materials that require students to fill in answers, solve
problems, or complete activities. They cater to kinesthetic learners who learn best by doing,

Digital resources- they refer to any type of information or media that is stored or transmitted in a digital
format, such as on a computer or the internet. They cater to a variety of learning styles,

Multimedia resources-these include films, audio recordings, and digital texts that can enhance literature
teaching and learning. They cater to multimodal learners who learn best when multiple learning styles
are engaged.

PRINT VX. NON-PRINT

Print Materials- refer to any materials that is physically printed on paper, such as books, newspapers,
magazines brochures, flyers, posters, and so on.
Non print materials- refer to any form of media that is not printed on paper, such as digital publications
or audio recording.

Print Materials:

Advantages:

- Portability
- Comfort Level
- Cost – effective
- Readily Available
- Tactile Experience

Print Materials

Disadvantage

- Static
- Limited

Non-print materials

Advantages:

- Easily Update
- Multimedia elements
- Availability
- Lifetime
- Cost

Non-print materials Disadvantages

- Access
- Technical issues
- Learning curve

Developing IMS

Theoretical background and best practice- the design of instructional materials should be grounded in
learning theories and best practices.

Availability of instructional materials – consider what materials are already available that can be used or
adapted for your instruction

Facilitation during the instruction- plan how much the instructor will facilitate during the instruction.

Designing materials written- written materials, such as handouts or study guides, should be clear,
concise, and well-organized.

Visual aids- such as diagrams, charts or infographics, can be very effective in helping students
understand complex concepts.
Accessibility- all materials should be accessible to all students, including those with disabilities.

Developing IMS: consideration

Identify learning objectives- define what learners should know or be able to do by the end of the course
or lesson.

Analyze learner needs and characteristics- Understand the learners current knowledge level, learning
styles, and preferences to tailor the materials accordingly.

Select Content- choose content that is both relevant to the learning objectives and engaging for the
students.

Organize Content- arrange the content in a logical and coherent manner, typically from simple to
complex to general to specific.

Design instructional strategies- decide on the teaching methods that will best help students achieve the
learning objectives.

Develop assessment methods- create assessments to measure whether the learning objectives have
been met.

Choose appropriate media- select the media that will best deliver the content and engage the learners.

Design layout- design the layout of the materials to be visually appealing and easy to navigate

Pilot test- test the materials with a small group of learners and collect feedback.

Revise and improve- based on the feedback, revise and improve the materials as necessary.