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Transpiration 1

The document discusses the process of transpiration in plants, highlighting the differences in water loss between leaves coated with grease and those without. It explains the significance of transpiration, the ascent of sap, and the role of stomata in gas exchange. Additionally, it describes experimental setups to study transpiration and its benefits to plants, as well as adaptations to reduce water loss.

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10 views4 pages

Transpiration 1

The document discusses the process of transpiration in plants, highlighting the differences in water loss between leaves coated with grease and those without. It explains the significance of transpiration, the ascent of sap, and the role of stomata in gas exchange. Additionally, it describes experimental setups to study transpiration and its benefits to plants, as well as adaptations to reduce water loss.

Uploaded by

jspritika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Suppose you took a single flower with a long stalk dipping in water, instead of a leafy twig.

No, it will not serve the purpose because the number of stomata is much lesser on petals as
compared to leaves. Moreover, there are no roots also to actively absorb water and increase
the rate of transpiration. Hence, the water loss through transpiration will be negligible in this
case.

The given figure represents an experiment:

(a) Leaf A was coated with grease on both the surfaces. (b) Leaf B was coated with grease on the
lower surface.
(c) Leaf C was coated with grease on the upper surface. (d) Leaf D was left without any application of
grease.
All the four leaves A, B, C and D were left in a room for about 24 hours.
So (i) Leaf D dries first . The leaf with no greasing on either surfaces would dry first because it would
lose water from both surfaces i.e. it would lose maximum quantity of water.
(ii) Leaf A dries last. It was coated with grease on both the surfaces. Hence, it would dry last because
greasing prevents evaporation of water and transpiration occurs through stomata which are present
more on the lower surface of the leaf.

(a) Blue colour of dry cobalt chloride paper.


(b) The experimental leaf is a dicot leaf as it shows reticulate venation and there are more number
of stomatal openings on the undersurface of a dicot leaf. Hence, transpiration is more and can be
easily observed.
(c) Glass slides are placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers so as to retain the strips in their
position.
(d) The cobalt chloride paper on the dorsal side will turn less pink or turns pink in a much longer
time while the one on the ventral side will turn more pink or pinker . This occurs because the ventral
surface has a greater number of stomata as compared to the dorsal surface. As a result, the rate of
transpiration is more on the ventral side than on the dorsal side of a dicot leaf.

Question 4
An outline sketch of a tree is shown in a diagram below. Study the same and answer the questions
that follow:

(a) A is transpiration. Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water from the aerial parts (leaves and
stem) of the plants.
(b) Significance of transpiration for the plants: Cooling effect & Creating suction force. Distribution
of water and minerals.
(c) Arrow B indicates water passing up the trunk and the phenomenon is ascent of sap. Arrow C
indicates water absorbed by roots from the soil and the phenomenon is called Endosmosis.
(d) Below diagram shows an opened stomata:

Question 5
The figure given below represents an experimental set up with a weighing machine to demonstrate a
particular process in plants. The experimental set up was placed in bright sunlight. Study the diagram
and answer the following questions.

(a) Name the process intended for study.


(b) Define the above mentioned process.
(c) When the weight of the test tubes A and B is taken before and after the experiment, what change
is observed? Justify.
(d) What is the purpose of keeping the test tube B in the experimental setup?
(e) What is the purpose of putting oil in the test tube?
Answer
(a) Transpiration
(b) Transpiration is a process by which water is lost in the form of water vapour from aerial parts of
the plant.
(c) Weight of test tube A before the experiment was more than its weight after the experiment. This
is because water from test tube A has evaporated due to transpiration.
Weight of test tube B remains the same before and after the experiment, because no loss of water
occurs in test tube B.
(d) Test tube B is used here as a control. This makes the observation of the change in test tube A
easy.
(e) The purpose of putting oil in the test tube is to prevent loss of water from the test tube by
evaporation.
Question 6
An apparatus as shown below was set up to investigate a physiological process in plants. The setup
was kept in sunlight for two hours. Droplets of water were then seen inside the bell jar. Answer the
questions that follow:

(a) Name the process being studied.


(b) Explain the process named above in (a).
(c) Why was the pot covered with a plastic sheet?
(d) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment.
(e) Mention two ways in which this process is beneficial to plants.
(f) List three adaptations in plants to reduce the above mentioned process.
Answer
(a) Transpiration
(b) Transpiration is a process during which water is lost in the form of water vapour through aerial
parts of the plant.
(c) The pot is covered with a plastic sheet to prevent evaporation of water from the soil.
(d) A control for this experiment will be an empty polythene bag with its mouth tied.
(e) Transpiration is beneficial to plants in the following ways:
It creates a suction force in the stem which enables the roots to absorb water and minerals.
It helps in cooling the plant in hot weather.
(f) Some plants have developed adaptations to reduce transpiration to cut down loss of water such
as:
Sunken stomata
Narrow leaves
Reduced exposed surface by rolling or folding of leaves.
Question 7
Given below is the figure of a stoma. Study the same and answer the following questions:

(a) Label the guidelines A and B.


(b) Write the exact location of the above mentioned structures.
(c) Mention one important role of structure A.
(d) Write three important roles of structure B.
(e) Redraw the same figure when structures A are in flaccid condition. When does flaccid condition
occur ?
Answer
(a) The guidelines A and B are:
A → Guard cells
B → Stoma
(b) Most of them are found under the leaf i.e. abaxial side of leaf.
(c) It regulates the opening and closing of the stomata.
(d) Three important roles of structure B are:
Transpiration.
Intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Respiration.
(e) The flaccid condition occurs when there is less absorption of water. In such condition the cells
lose their turgidity and the stomata closes.

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