WaveOneGold Jan2016
WaveOneGold Jan2016
SINGLE-FILE
A
SHAPING TECHNIQUE
G M
CHIEVING A R OLD EDAL ESULT
by Clifford J. Ruddle, DDS
There are many factors that serve to influence which endodon- Additionally, a file is categorized as to whether it has a cen-
tic mechanical file system or hybrid technique is selected to tered vs. offset mass of rotation, works with a rotary vs. recip-
prepare any given canal. Altruistically, the most important fac- rocating motion, and in the instance of reciprocation, whether
tor should be the desire to produce a predictably successful the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) angles are
shaping result. Clinically, the shaping experience is measured equal vs. unequal. Finally, mechanical systems are identified as
by safety, cutting efficiency, and the fewest number of files to whether a single-file vs. a multi-file sequence is required to
required to minimally or fully prepare a root canal.1 Certainly, shape a canal.
the cost associated with preparing any given canal is a factor
that is influenced by the market, and the clinical and business Although these classifications prognosticate performance,
practice models.2 Regardless of the preparation philosophy, sway choices, and instigate trends, endodontic behavior is fur-
methods should be utilized that promote the exchange of irrig- ther manifested in the time-honored expression, “Who you are
ant, 3D disinfection, and filling root canal systems (Figure 1). is where you were when.” Dentists make decisions based on
where and when they were trained and who trained them, as
Most shaping systems are described by whether any given file well as whether they practice as general practitioners or spe-
has active vs. passive cutting edges, a fixed vs. variable taper cialists. From several decades of practicing and teaching
along its active portion, or a more traditional vs. unique cross- endodontics, I have learned there are other conscious and sub-
sectional design. Further, it is useful to know whether a file conscious decisions influencing file selection. For example, the
has benefitted from heat treatment, as this technology selection of a shaping file system is oftentimes determined by
improves flexibility and the resistance to cyclic fatigue. whether a dentist practices solo, in a private group practice, or
is employed in corporate dentistry.
SINGLE-FILE/SINGLE-USE CONCEPT
Like WaveOne, WaveOne Gold is a single-file technique. Over
several years, our designer group team prepared several thou-
sand canals and validated that a single size Primary file was
able to transition an unshaped, yet secured, canal to a well-
shaped canal more than 80% of the time.6 It is a single-use
concept due to the obvious work and resultant wear a single
file encounters when fully preparing one or more canals in any
given tooth. Further, peer-reviewed publications have reported
the potential for cross-contamination when files are reused,
regardless of the sterilization protocol utilized.8 The following
will describe how a patented design, superior alloy, and an
Figure 2. The Small, Primary, Medium and Large WaveOne Gold files. unequal bidirectional movement synergistically enable a single-
file/single-use technique.
narrower, and more curved canals must be balanced with the SYSTEM & DESIGN
inherent risks associated with torque and cyclic fatigue fail-
ures. Fortunately, these risks have been considerably reduced There are 4 WaveOne Gold files available in various lengths to
due to continuous improvement in file designs, NiTi heat treat- more effectively address a wider range of endodontic anatomy
ment, and emphasis on glide path management (GPM).1,5 In compared to its WaveOne predecessor. The 4 files are termed
general, continuous rotation requires less inward pressure and Small (yellow 20/07), Primary (red 25/07), Medium (green
improves augering debris out of a canal, compared to a 35/06), and Large (white 45/05) (Figure 2). Each file has a fixed
reciprocation method that utilizes equal bidirectional angles taper from D1-D3, yet a progressively decreasing percentage
of reciprocation.6 tapered design from D4-D16, which serves to preserve dentin
(Figure 3). For example, the Primary file has diameters of 0.85
On the other hand, while a repetitive CW/CCW reciprocating mm and 1.0 mm at D9 and D12, respectively, or the length
motion reduces risks associated with continuous rotation, sys- this file typically extends below the orifice during canal prepa-
tems that utilize equal CW/CCW angles have recognized limita- ration. Fortuitously, the Primary 25/07 file is generally the only
tions. These include decreased cutting efficiency, more file required to fully shape virtually any given canal.
required inward pressure, and a limited capacity to auger
debris out of a canal.3,6 Further, motors that drive shaping files Another unique design feature is that each file has an alternat-
through equal CW/CCW angles generally require multi-file ing offset parallelogram-shaped cross-section. This design lim-
sequences to safely prepare a canal. Fortuitously, in the late its the engagement between the file and dentin to only 1 or 2
1990s, Prof. Pierre Machtou first proposed utilizing unequal points of contact at any given cross-section, subsequently
CW/CCW angles. Dr. Ghassan Yared, his former student, sub- reducing taperlock and the screw-effect (Figure 4). Engineering
Figure 3. A decreasing percentage tapered design improves flexibility and Figure 4. This image depicts how an alternating offset and transi-
conserves remaining dentin in the body of the prepared canal. tioning parallelogram-shaped cross-section limits the engagement
between the file and dentin.
© ADVANCED ENDODONTICS - www.endoruddle.com SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE ▲ 3
research has shown this new cross-section improves safety, designed to be less than the elastic limit of each file. Two,
increases cutting efficiency, and provides more chip space to opposed to equal CW/CCW angles, unequal CW/CCW angles
auger debris coronally, as compared to the original Primary enable a file to more readily advance toward the desired work-
WaveOne file.9 Additionally, each WaveOne Gold file has a ing length without using excessive and potentially dangerous
newly designed, semi-active guiding tip, which enables the file inward pressure.7 Three, compared to equal CW/CCW angles,
to more readily follow and safely progress along manually unequal angles strategically enhance auguring debris out of the
reproduced and secured canals. canal.12 These 3 advantages serve to improve safety, cutting
efficiency, and simplicity, while promoting the shapes that
SUPERIOR ALLOY encourage 3D disinfection and filling root canal systems.
Figure 5. The X-Smart iQ motor pairs a cordless handpiece to an iPad Figure 6. The WaveOne Gold files utilize unequal bidirectional angles to
mini. This technology may be used for patient education, setting file improve inward movement, cutting efficiency, and hauling debris out of
sequences, and gathering, capturing, and transferring treatment data. the canal.
© ADVANCED ENDODONTICS - www.endoruddle.com SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE ▲ 4
Figure 7. ProGlider’s progressively tapered design and M-Wire technology Figure 8. This image depicts a mandibular bicuspid with complex
make GPM safer, easier, and faster…and importantly, more effective. endodontic anatomy.
The Small 20/07 WaveOne Gold file is used when the Primary However, in longer, narrower, and more curved canals, the
25/07 file will not passively progress apically through a manual- size 10 file oftentimes cannot be safely worked to length. In
ly reproduced and secured canal. Its smaller tip size will more these instances, there is generally no need to use smaller-
readily progress along the glide path of smaller diameter, sized hand files to reach the terminus of the canal at this
longer length, or more apically curved canals. In certain canals, moment. Simply work the size 10 hand file, within any region
when the Small file reaches the working length, the clinician of the canal, until it is completely loose. Any portion of a
may deem the preparation completed or, alternatively, may secured canal may be pre-enlarged with, for example, the
desire more deep shape. In these latter instances, when the Primary 25/07 file. After the apical one-third of a canal has
clinician elects to transition to the larger D0 diameter Primary been negotiated, then working length is established, patency
25/07 file, the Small 20/07 is considered a “bridge file”. Even is confirmed, and a smooth, reproducible glide path is verified
in these instances, the technique is safe, quick, and is a simple (Figure 9). When necessary, the terminus of a catheterized and
2-file sequence compared to virtually all other mechanical secured canal may be pre-shaped to a size more than 0.15
shaping systems. mm, using a ProGlider (Figure 10).
The Medium 35/06 and Large 45/05 WaveOne Gold files are Shaping can commence, within any partially or fully secured
used to complete the shape in larger diameter and typically canal, starting with the Primary 25/07 WaveOne Gold file. In
straighter canals. Examples include certain maxillary incisors, the presence of a 6% solution of NaOCl, the Primary file is
some single-canal bicuspids, and larger diameter canals within selected and allowed to passively progress inward until it
maxillary and mandibular molar teeth. Recall, the WaveOne meets light resistance. When the Primary file meets resistance
Gold protocol is to initiate shaping procedures using the and bogs down, remove this file and clean and inspect its
Primary 25/07 file. However, after carrying the Primary file to flutes. Upon removing any mechanical shaping file from any
the full working length, visual inspection of this file may reveal canal, it is wise to irrigate, recapitulate with a size 10 file to
that its terminal flutes are not fully loaded with dentine mud. In break up debris and re-confirm the glide path, then re-irrigate.
these instances, the clinician may use the Medium 35/06 and, Typically, the Primary file will run inward, progressively
perhaps, the Large 45/05 files to prepare these larger, typically advance, and incrementally move deeper within any region of
more straightforward canals. the canal that has a confirmed, smooth, and reproducible glide
path (Figure 11).
SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE
A brushing motion should be utilized to eliminate coronal inter-
The WaveOne Gold single-file shaping technique is remarkably ferences, remove internal triangles of dentin, or to enhance
safe and simplistic when attention is focused on the access shaping results in canals which exhibit an irregular cross-sec-
preparation and GPM (Figure 8).1 The access preparation is tion. Initially removing canyons of restrictive dentin from the
deemed complete when the internal axial walls are finished, coronal two-thirds of a canal creates a more direct path to the
the orifice(s) pre-enlarged, and all internal triangles of dentin apical one-third of this same canal. In longer, narrower, or
eliminated. GPM starts with the desire to find, skill to follow, more apically curved canals, a pre-enlarged canal improves the
and patience to secure any given canal to its terminus.14 With ability to more readily insert and direct a precurved small-sized
an estimated working length and in the presence of a viscous hand file to the full working length. A glide path is verified and
chelator, insert a size 10 file into the orifice and determine if the canal is termed secured when a size 10 file can repro-
this file will easily move toward the terminus of the canal. This ducibly “slip, slide, and glide” along the apical one-third of this
file is used to either confirm existing space is available or, alter- same canal (Figure 9c).1,14
natively, to create space so that the tip of a mechanical file can
safely follow.
© ADVANCED ENDODONTICS - www.endoruddle.com SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE ▲ 5
Figure 9a. Working length is established when a size 10 file has manu- Figure 9b. Patency is confirmed when a 10 file can be gently, deliber-
ally reproduced the original canal pathway to the terminus. ately, and reproducibly inserted to and minutely through the terminus of
a canal.
Figure 9c. A glide path is verified and the canal is secured when a 10 Figure 10. A mechanically-driven and metallurgically enhanced
file can reproducibly slip, slide, and glide over the apical one-third ProGlider is utilized to safely and rapidly pre-shape virtually any manu-
of a canal. ally secured canal.
Figure 11. These 2 graphic images show the Primary 25/07 WaveOne Figure 12. This graphic image shows the Primary 25/07 WaveOne
Gold file following the glide path and progressively shaping toward Gold file has cut its shape around curvature, is at length, and its apical
length. flutes loaded with debris.
© ADVANCED ENDODONTICS - www.endoruddle.com SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE ▲ 6
The Primary 25/07 WaveOne Gold file will generally reach the (Figure 13b); if this file is loose at length, it simply means the
full working length in about 3 passes (Figure 12). As previously foramen is larger than 0.25 mm. As such, gauge the foramen
mentioned, when the Primary file will not readily advance, with a size 30/02 NiTi hand file and, if this file is snug at length,
then the Small 20/07 file is utilized. Because of the initial body- the shape is done. If the size 30 hand file is loose at length,
work performed by the Primary, the Small file will typically proceed to the Medium, or if necessary, the Large file, utilizing
reach the desired working length quite easily. This file may be the finishing criteria concept just described.
the only shaping file taken to the full working length in more
apically and abruptly curved canals, or in longer and thinner When preparing canals, clinicians should fully understand and
roots that exhibit deep external concavities. However, as previ- appreciate the interrelationship between terminal diameter and
ously mentioned, when more shape is desired, the Small apical one-third taper. Rather than over-preparing the foramen,
20/07 may be thought of as a bridge file to facilitate carrying emphasis should be on developing more apical one-third taper,
the Primary 25/07 file to the full working length. as deep shape promotes the exchange of irrigants, 3D clean-
ing, and filling root canal systems ((Figure 14).16-18 Much of
Once the Primary 25/07 WaveOne Gold file has reached the endodontic iatrogenics could be eliminated if educators would
full working length, it is removed. The finishing criteria is ful- stop insisting on needlessly grinding files with large tip diame-
filled when the apical flutes of this file are visually loaded with ters to the full working length (Figure 15). Clinically, the prepa-
dentin (Figure 13a). Another method to determine the size of rations produced by WaveOne Gold fulfill the mechanical
the foramen is to use a gauging technique.15 In this instance, if objectives for shaping canals, and promote 3D disinfection and
a size 25/02 NiTi hand file is snug at length, the shape is done filling root canal systems (Figure 16).
Figure 13a. When the apical flutes of the Primary file are fully loaded Figure 13b.This image shows an alternative "finishing criteria" gauging
with dentin, then this confirms this file has cut its shape and the "finish- method. A 25/07 shape is confirmed when a size 25/02 NiTi file is snug
ing criteria" is fulfilled. at length.
Figure 14. A µCT image of a mandibular bicuspid (Courtesy of Dr. Figure 15. This image demonstrates that an apically blocked and
Frank Paque; Zurich, Switzerland). A post-treatment image demon- curved canal oftentimes predisposes to an apically ledged canal.
strates similar anatomy.
© ADVANCED ENDODONTICS - www.endoruddle.com SINGLE-FILE SHAPING TECHNIQUE ▲ 7
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
The original WaveOne reminds me of the old expression, 1. Ruddle CJ: Shaping complex canals: clinical strategy and
"Whatever you thought, think again." WaveOne Gold will com- technique, Dent Today 33:11, pp. 88-95, 2014.
pletely change the reciprocation shaping experience, while still 2. RuddleCJ: Focus on: endodontics, Dent Today 34:2, pg. 18, 2015
fulfilling the 3 sacred tenets for shaping canals: namely, safe-
3. Webber J, Machtou P, Pertot W, Kuttler S, Ruddle CJ, West
ty, cutting efficiency, and simplicity. In recent years, this sys-
JD: The WaveOne single-file reciprocating system, Roots
tem has become a globally adopted method for shaping canals
1:28-33, 2011.
and has gained legitimate traction in dental schools, teaching
hospitals, and in private practice. John Naisbitt, the author of 4. Ruddle CJ: A retrospective report on WaveOne: observations
the New York Times bestseller Megatrends and specialist in of 1,200 prepared canals, Endodontic Practice US 5:4, pg. 56,
2012
future studies said, "We must learn to balance the material
wonders of technology with the spiritual demands of our 5. Berutti E, Negro AR, Lendini M, Pasqualini D: Influence of
human race."Emphasizing this balance, WaveOne Gold manual preflaring and torque on the failure rate of ProTaper
promises to take the shaping experience to profoundly greater rotary instruments, J Endod 30:4, pp. 228-230, 2004.
heights. Catch this wave of the future! ▲ 6. Ruddle CJ: Endodontic canal preparation: WaveOne single-file
technique, Dent Today 31:1, pp. 124, 126-129, 2012.
7. Yared, G: Canal preparation using only one NiTi rotary instru-
ment: preliminary observations, Int Endod J 41:4, pp. 339-344,2008.
8. Letters S, Smith AJ, McHugh S, Bagg J: A study of visual and
blood contamination on reprocessed endodontic files from
general dental practice, Br Dent J 199:8, pp. 522-525, 2005.
9. Dentsply Maillefer engineering and testing, Ballaigues,
Switzerland, 2014.
10. Gambarini G, et al: Cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium
rotary instruments used in reciprocating or continuous motion,
J Endod 36:3, p. 563, 2010.
11. You SY, et al: Efficiency of reciprocating preparation in curved
root canals, J Endod 36:3, p. 584, 2010.
12. De-Deus G, Brandao MC, Barino B, Di Giorgi K, Fedel RA,
Luna AS: Assessment of apically extruded debris produced
by the single-file ProTaper F2 technique under reciprocating
movement, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod
Figure 16a. This post-op image demonstrates flowing, multi-planar 110:3, pp. 390-394, 2010.
shapes prepared with a single WaveOne Gold file (Courtesy of Dr.
13. Berutti E, Cantatore G, Castellucci A, Chiandussi G, Pera F,
Wilhelm Pertot; Paris, France).
Migliaretti G, Pasqualini D: Use of nickel-titanium rotary
PathFile to create the glide path: comparison with manual pre
flaring in simulated root canals, J Endod 35:3, pp. 408-412, 2009.
14. West JD: The endodontic glidepath: “secret to rotary safety,”
Dent Today 29:9, pp. 86, 88, 90-93, 2010.
15. Ruddle CJ: Gauging the terminus: a novel method,
Endodontic Practice US 5:6, pg. 56, 2012.
16. Ruddle CJ: Endodontic disinfection: tsunami irrigation,
Endodontic Practice 11:1, pp. 7-15, 2008.
17. Albrecht LJ, Baumgartner JC, Marshall JG: Evaluation of
apical debris removal using various sizes and tapers of ProFile
GT files, J Endod 30:6, pp. 425-428, 2004.
18. Schilder H: Filling root canals in three dimensions, Dent Clin
North Am pp. 723-744, November 1967.
WaveOne® Gold
3x large (045 05) 31mm 12331390009
com confiança.
X-SMART® Plus 12032120000
1 Motor com Contra ângulo
Conteúdo da embalagem, modo de preparo, condições de armazenamento, conservação, advertências e precauções: Vide Instruções de Uso
WaveOne® Gold WaveOne® Gold
WaveOne® Gold
020 7% Small
025 7% Primary
Raio-X pré-operatório Raio-X pós-operatório Raio-X pós-operatório
visão distal oblíqua visão perpendicular
recomendada para maioria dos casos
Os dentistas que desenvolveram afirmam: Instrumentar o canal nunca foi tão fácil. 045 5% Large
WaveOne® se tornou referência em instrumentação de canais radiculares, desde 2011. ISO color coded
Profissionais ao redor do mundo demonstraram grande satisfação com a simplicidade e
qualidade com a linha. Iniciou-se um novo e excitante projeto para levar até vocês
a Wave One® Gold, uma linha com uma avançada metalurgia, melhorando o conceito
de lima única. Além disso, otimizamos os diâmetros apicais, conicidade e secção
Pronta para Uso + Uso único
transversal, sendo, mais segura, eficiente e flexível. Wave One® Gold leva a simplicidade
e o tratamento endodôntico a um nível superior.
A maioria dos profissionais deseja reduzir os custos do tratamento endodôntico e,
ao mesmo tempo, aumentar sua segurança e eficiência. Para atender essa demanda,
A família de produtos WaveOne® Gold promove uma opção de tratamento completo com Os profissionais se beneficiarão de:
confiança e garantia de preparos padronizados. • Simplicidade: embalagem esterelizada pronta para o uso do profissional;
• Aumento da segurança do intrumento, que será utilizado sempre novo e com resistência
X-Smart Plus e X-Smart IQ™ são pré-programados com o à fatiga otimizada;
Motores sistema WaveOne® Gold, para sua simplicidade
• Ausência do risco de contaminação cruzada entre pacientes;
• Eficiência de corte maximizada.
A WaveOne® Glider otimiza o seu pré-alargamento antes
Pré-alargamento da instrumentação com WaveOne® Gold Primary
(Small, Primary, Medium, Large). A WaveOne® Gold Glider deve ser utilizada
apenas em movimento reciprocante e em
motores compatível com os instrumentos
Dentsply Sirona.
Sistemas rotatórios WaveOne® WaveOne®
convencionais Primary Gold Primary
Pathfile WaveOne® Gold
ISO 016 Glider
Guta-Percha
Ponta de guta-percha com conicidade
variada, especialmente desenvolvida Família de produtos
para adaptar-se ao canal preparado
WaveOne® Gold
com WaveOne® Gold.
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22%