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Human Development

Human development encompasses the changes that occur from conception throughout the lifespan, involving both growth and decline. Key concepts include the distinction between growth and development, the roles of maturation and learning, and the influence of heredity and environment. Two main approaches to understanding human development are the traditional perspective, which sees significant change in early life and little in adulthood, and the life-span perspective, which recognizes ongoing development throughout life.

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12 views2 pages

Human Development

Human development encompasses the changes that occur from conception throughout the lifespan, involving both growth and decline. Key concepts include the distinction between growth and development, the roles of maturation and learning, and the influence of heredity and environment. Two main approaches to understanding human development are the traditional perspective, which sees significant change in early life and little in adulthood, and the life-span perspective, which recognizes ongoing development throughout life.

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Datu MAB
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: MEANING, CONCEPTS AND

APPROACHES

Human development is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception


and continues through the life span. Development includes growth and decline. This
means that development can be positive or negative (Santrock, 2002).

Basic Concepts of Development


1. Growth and development
Growth refers to physical aspects only; whereas development refers to all aspects such
as physical, cognitive, language, emotional, social etc.
2. Maturation and Learning
Maturation – It means that the potential traits (for different activities like sitting, crawling,
creeping, walking etc.) are present at birth in the individual.
Learning – Acquiring new skills due to environmental stimulation and training.
3. Heredity and Environment
Heredity is a specific combination of genes we inherit and is shown in characteristics
like height and certain habits.
Environment – Includes all aspects of the surroundings human and non-human.
Cephalocaudal. Proximodistal
Pattern. Pattern

Major Principles of Human Development


1. Development is relatively order.
2 Characteristics of Development:
•Proximodistal Pattern – From inner to outer.
•Cephalocaudal Pattern – From top to bottom.
2. While the pattern of development is likely to
be similar, the outcomes of developmental
processes and the rate of development are
likely to vary among individuals.
3. Development takes place gradually.
4. Development as a process is complex because it is the product of biological,
cognitive and socioemotional processes.
Two Approaches to Human Development
1. Traditional Perspective — Believes that individuals will show extensive change
from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood and decline in late old
age.
2. Life-span Development — Believes that even in adulthood, developmental
change takes place as it does during childhood.
Principles of Child and Learning
a. All the domains of development and learning-physical. Social and emotional, and
cognitive are important. And they are closely interrelated.
b. Many aspects of children’s learning and development follow well documented
sequences, with later abilities, skills, and knowledge building on those already are
required.
c. Development and learning proceed at varying rates from child to child, as well as at
uneven rates across different areas of a child’s individual functioning.
d. Early experiences have profound effects. Both cumulative and delayed. On a child’s
development and learning: and optimal periods exist for certain types of development
and learning to occur.
e. Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or
representational capacities.
f. Children develop best when they have secure. Consistent relationship with responsive
adults and opportunities for positive relationship with peers.
g. Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural
contexts,
h. Always mentally active in seeking to understand the word around them, children learn
in a variety of ways.
i. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting
language, cognition. And social competence.

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