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Topic Exp ( Translation of Functions)

The document discusses the translation of functions, explaining how shifting a function horizontally or vertically affects its graph. It provides examples of translating functions, including linear, parabolic, and exponential functions, along with their respective transformations. Additionally, it covers reflections of functions across the x-axis and y-axis, detailing how these transformations alter the coordinates of points on the graph.

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Owoeye Olabode Tolani
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Topic Exp ( Translation of Functions)

The document discusses the translation of functions, explaining how shifting a function horizontally or vertically affects its graph. It provides examples of translating functions, including linear, parabolic, and exponential functions, along with their respective transformations. Additionally, it covers reflections of functions across the x-axis and y-axis, detailing how these transformations alter the coordinates of points on the graph.

Uploaded by

Owoeye Olabode Tolani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Translation of the function

Let’s assume that (1, 7), (3, 10) and (9, 12) are on the graph of the function, f(x).

There is another function: g(x) = f(x - 4)

x = 5, then g(5) = f(1) = 7; It means (5, 7) is on g(x).


x = 7, then g(7) = f(3) = 10; It means (7, 10) is on g(x).
x = 13, then g(13) = f(9) = 12; It means (13, 12) is on g(x).

Let’s compare two functions:

f(x) f(x) (1, 7) (3, 10) (9, 12)


g(x) f(x – 4) (5, 7) (7, 10) (13. 12)

If we focus on position of the points on xy-plane: y


(9, 12) (13, 12)
(3, 10) (7, 10)

(1, 7) (5, 7)

After observation, it is easily seems that given all 3 points shifted 4 units to right. Graph of function
consists of points. It means all graph of f(x) shifted 4 units right.

Conclusion: f(x – a) is translation of the graph of the f(x) a units to right. After a small smart step, it is
easy to claim that f(x + a) is translation of the graph of the f(x) a units to left.

Example 10:

X-intercepts of a function, f(x) are at x = 3 and x = 7. What is the x-intercepts of the

g(x) = f(x + 2)?

Solution: If g(x) = f(x + 2), it means graph of the f(x) shift 2 units to the left. Points (3, 0) and (7, 0)
translate to (1, 0) and (5, 0).

Let’s “jump” to next translation:

Let’s assume that (3, 1), (5, 3) and (8, 5) is on the graph of the function, f(x).

There is another function: g(x) = f(x) + 1

x = 3, then g(3) = f(3) + 1 = 2; It means (3, 2) is on g(x).


x = 5, then g(5) = f(5) + 1 = 4; It means (5, 4) is on g(x).
x = 8, then g(8) = f(8) + 1 = 6; It means (8, 6) is on g(x).
Let’s compare two functions:

f(x) f(x) (3, 1) (5, 3) (8, 5)


g(x) f(x) + 1 (3, 2) (5, 4) (8, 6)

If we focus on position of the points on xy-plane:


y
(8, 6)

(5, 4) (8, 5)

(3, 2)
(5, 3)

(3, 1)
x

After observation, it is easily seems that given all 3 points shifted 1 units up. Graph of function consists
of points. It means all graph of f(x) shifted 1 unit up.

Conclusion: f(x) + n is translation of the graph of the f(x) n units up. After a small smart step, it is easy
to claim that f(x) – n is translation of the graph of the f(x) n units down.

Example 11:

Maximum value of f(x) is 7. What is the maximum value of g(x) = f(x) – 3?

Solution: If g(x) = f(x) – 3, it means graph of f(x) shift 3 units down. Max g(x) = max f(x) – 3 = 7 – 3 =
4.

Translation of a line

Example 12:

f(x) = 3x + 4 is a line. If f(x) shift 5 units left, what is the y-coordinate of y-intercept of the line?

Solution: Shifting 5 units left means: g(x) = f(x + 5) = 3(x + 5) + 4 = 3x + 15 + 4 =3x + 19;
Y –intercept of g(x) is 19.

Example 13:

f(x) = 2x + 1 is a line. If f(x) translated 7 units up, what is the x-coordinate of x-intercept of the line?

Solution: Shifting 7 units up means: g(x) = f(x) + 7 = 2x + 1 + 7 = 2x + 8. For finding x-intercept:

2x + 8 = 0, then x = -4;
Translation of Parabola (vertex form)

Graph of f(x) = x2 is called parabola.

Example 13:

f(x) = x2 is a parabola. If the graph of the function shift 3 units left and 2 units down. Estimate
equation of the final graph?

Solution: Shifting 3 units left means: g(x) = f(x + 3) = (x + 3)2;


Shifting 2 units down of g(x) means: p(x) = g(x) – 2 = (x + 3)2 – 2

Translation of simple Exponential functions

Example 14:

f(x) = 12∙2x is an exponential function. If f(x) shifts 2 units right, what is the y-intercept of the
function?

Solution: Shifting 2 units right means: g(x) = f(x – 2) =12∙ 2x -2;


Y-intercept of g(x): g(0) = 12∙2-2 = 3;

Reflection of the graph of functions

Y-reflection: We use same strategy. Let’s take a point (3, 4). Its y reflection will be (-3, 4):
y

(-3, 4) (3, 4)

After a quick look, we are able to claim that, while y-reflection sign of x-coordinate of the points will
change. Graph of the function consists of points, then y-reflection of f(x) will be f(-x).

Example 15:

f(x) = 3x + 4 is a line. Which of the following is y-reflection of the line?

A) g(x) = 3x – 4
B) g(x) = -3x – 4
C) g(x) = -3x + 4
D) g(x) = 3x + 4

Solution: Answer is C. Because y-reflection of f(x) is f(-x), then : f(-x) = -3x + 4;


X-reflection: We use same strategy. Let’s take a point (3, 4). Its x reflection will be (3, -4):

(3, 4)

x
(3, -4)

After a quick look, we are able to claim that, while x-reflection sign of y-coordinate of the points will
change. Graph of the function consists of points, then y-reflection of f(x) will be -f(x).

Example 16:
y

The graph of f(x) is given. Which of the following is the graph of g(x) = -f(x)?

A) y B) y

x x

C) y D) y

x x

Solution: Answer is D. While x-reflection ( -f(x)), sign of y-intercept must be change. A, B and C are
eliminate.

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