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Week 6 - Global Serialization

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4 views4 pages

Week 6 - Global Serialization

Uploaded by

lucbrouillard381
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Abdulrahman A. Mohamed Mobile: +254 713 500 814 Email: [email protected].

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TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA


CCI 4301: ADVANCED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
WEEK 6: GLOBAL SERIALIZATION

OUTLINE

• 1. Global Serialization

• 2. Data Distribution: Replication and Partitioning

• 3. Security in Distributed Databases

1. Global Serialization:

Definition: Global Serialization in the context of distributed databases refers to the process

of ensuring that transactions are executed in a globally serializable order, even when

transactions are distributed across multiple nodes in a distributed database system.

Explanation: In distributed databases, multiple transactions can execute concurrently on

different nodes. Global Serialization is essential to maintain data consistency and integrity

across the distributed environment. Here's a closer look:

• Serializability: Serializability is a property that guarantees that the execution of a set

of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of those transactions. In other

words, it ensures that transactions appear to be executed one after the other, even

if they are executed on different nodes.


Abdulrahman A. Mohamed Mobile: +254 713 500 814 Email: [email protected]

• Concurrency Control: Global Serialization relies on advanced concurrency control

mechanisms. Techniques like two-phase locking, timestamp ordering, and

Serializable Snapshot Isolation (SSI) ensure that transactions adhere to a globally

serializable order.

• Conflict Resolution: Conflicts can arise when multiple transactions access and

modify the same data concurrently. Conflict resolution mechanisms determine how

conflicts are resolved to maintain data integrity.

Real-World Example: Consider a global e-commerce platform with a distributed database.

Multiple customers place orders concurrently from different regions. To maintain order

consistency, Global Serialization ensures that each order transaction is processed in a way

that maintains the global order history, even though orders are placed from different

locations.

2. Data Distribution: Replication and Partitioning:

Definition: Data Distribution in distributed databases involves the strategies of replicating

or partitioning data across multiple nodes or servers to enhance data availability,

performance, and fault tolerance.

Explanation: Data Distribution strategies are employed to optimize the performance and

resilience of distributed database systems. Replication and partitioning are two common

approaches:

• Data Replication: In data replication, copies of the same data are stored on multiple

nodes or servers. This strategy improves data availability and fault tolerance since

data can still be accessed even if one node fails. It also reduces data access latency.

• Data Partitioning (Sharding): Data partitioning involves dividing a large dataset into
Abdulrahman A. Mohamed Mobile: +254 713 500 814 Email: [email protected]

smaller, manageable subsets called partitions or shards. Each shard is stored on a

different node, distributing the data processing load. This strategy enhances

scalability and performance.

• Hybrid Approaches: In some scenarios, a hybrid approach is used, combining data

replication and partitioning. Frequently accessed data may be replicated for

performance, while less frequently accessed data is partitioned for scalability.

Real-World Example: A social media platform uses data replication for user profiles. Each

user's profile information is replicated across multiple servers to ensure fast access and

availability. However, for the vast amount of user-generated content, such as posts and

comments, data partitioning is used. User-generated content is divided into partitions

based on user IDs, and each partition is stored on different servers to distribute the

processing load.

3. Security in Distributed Databases:

Definition: Security in Distributed Databases involves measures and protocols designed to

protect data, maintain confidentiality, integrity, and ensure authentication and

authorization in a distributed database environment.

Explanation: Security is of utmost importance in distributed databases due to the

distributed and potentially exposed nature of data. Here are key aspects:

• Data Encryption: Data transmission between distributed nodes is often encrypted

to protect data from eavesdropping during transit. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and

Transport Layer Security (TLS) are common encryption protocols.

• Authentication: Distributed systems require robust authentication mechanisms to

verify the identity of users and nodes. Usernames, passwords, two-factor


Abdulrahman A. Mohamed Mobile: +254 713 500 814 Email: [email protected]

authentication (2FA), and digital certificates are used.

• Authorization: Access control is critical. Role-based access control (RBAC) and access

control lists (ACLs) define who can access which parts of the database and what

actions they can perform.

• Data Privacy Compliance: Distributed databases often store sensitive data, such as

personal information. Compliance with data privacy regulations, such as GDPR or

HIPAA, is crucial.

• Auditing and Monitoring: Comprehensive auditing and monitoring systems track

access and changes to data, helping detect and respond to security breaches.

Real-World Example: A healthcare consortium maintains a distributed database of patient

records. Security measures include data encryption during transmission, strict

authentication for healthcare providers accessing patient data, and role-based access

control. The database is audited regularly to ensure compliance with healthcare privacy

regulations, and any unauthorized access is immediately detected and investigated.

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