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The document contains examination questions for various engineering courses, including Engineering Mathematics III, Electric Circuits, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage. It covers topics such as differential equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, circuit analysis, and wind turbine mechanics. Students are instructed to attempt a specified number of questions within a set time limit, with each question focusing on different mathematical and engineering principles.

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71 views36 pages

Past Question

The document contains examination questions for various engineering courses, including Engineering Mathematics III, Electric Circuits, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage. It covers topics such as differential equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, circuit analysis, and wind turbine mechanics. Students are instructed to attempt a specified number of questions within a set time limit, with each question focusing on different mathematical and engineering principles.

Uploaded by

lollyvenicel
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i COURSE ENGINEERING co IEMATICS Ill URSE CODE; ENGaO1, UNIT: 2 Time: 60 Ss -y, OYE-EKITL NICS ENGINEERING "amination 2019 Session \G MATHEMATICS I lat: 2 Time: 2 Ye hours |v FOUR questions ction f(t) defined below nct< . oct<2 Beep 3 Yoon — ‘ ox=H=0. by Laplice hnsforin” —[Smatks} \ su(t=3) Determine F(s) and Sketch thegraph. jens ey eT 4 Determine, the inverse rey een of ea2e-3, [10 marks}. (© Using the first shift theorem expand an FS mari avt 1\ ‘ i f ‘| method * ‘responding eigenvector! der differential equations FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, OYE-EKITI ~ DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING ~ B.Eng. Degree Examination A First Semester 2018/2019 Session COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III COURSE CODE: ENG3O1. UNIT: 2 Time: 2 ¥2 hours Instruction: Attempt any FOUR questions Question One < (@) Determine the Foutier series representation of a function f(t) defined below [10 marks} ee Re orfoe 3 -2 2 3n42n+ y- y-5 i ie aa ?) Given the eigenvalues 2; =3, 2, = 6 and ceeresponding eigenvector Bi, Dog =p Da sing matrix method, solve the system of Sst onder diferente equations Si } Dre | | ays | } t | ) fils) ~ 20) here fi(0) = ~3 and fe(0) = 2 (x) +.4fa(x) [10 snark) fa) a2) -rex 0. (6 marks) b. For the circuit shown in Fig. 4, obtain the following: (the transfer funetion H(5) = Vo (sys (6). marks) a b. the impulse response the response when Vi () Gi) =200V (iv) __ the response when Vi(t) 8Cos4t V wi Fig. 4 22 4 JH ve in C) 20) 202%e + Question 3 (3 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks) a. Determine the transfer function H(s) = Vo (s) / Io (s) of the circuit in Fig. 5. (1 marks) ve Fig. 5 b. Determine the Y parameters for the two- port shown in Fig. 6 Vo Determine the values of K for which the écl in Fig, 7 is Stable “ hae 9 Synthesis the function (9 marks) 3 x i e go | 49 edi 85 s pipe 2 2H ~ Ye we Question 4 © (9 marks) 20 22 Nee om Ni +a to 2F Ch) 40% 2) Om Vols) 108 ¥@) = 2 = o V(s) S?-+ 1005 + 108 (11 marks) using the topology in Fig. 8 est % Consider the circuit in Fig. 9. determine the state Variable model and find the transfer function of the system, (8 marks) b. Find the response 1, (t) of the circuit in CD" (Cosnt~nSinnt) 'g.10 if the input voltage, V(t) has the Fourier series | expansion (1) =14 5 (12 marks) Seni it) so 22 vw @) Fig. 10 | Question 6 Nees 4 200g 7 a. The ABCD parameters of the two-port network in Fig, 11 are ois 2. | aNd the output port is Sonnecied toa variable load for maximum power transfer. Find the value of R, and the meximom power transferred, (9 marks) b. Calculate the Fourier series of the function shown in Fig. 12 (11 marks) tain the Fourier series| for the per ig func} TE Federal U y of Oye Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering First Semester 2018/2019 Examination 323; Course Title: Analogue Electronic Course Unit: 3; Time allowed: 3 Hours ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS Course Code: Guestiont Draw the circuit diagram and derive the expression for the closed loop gain of Omp Amp configured as i. Logarithm Amplifier [Smarks} ii, Antilog Amplifier [Smarks} iii, Integrator [Smarks] iv. Non inverting Amplifier [Smaris i Question 2 ~ Fig Q4 shows the circuit diagram ofa two stage RC couple amplifier a. Draw the DC and the AC equivalent circuit [Smarks]* b. Determine the value of the current gain (iv)voltage gain for the first (i input resistance, (ii) output re (vi) overall dB voltage gain [12Marks| ~ and second stage (v) ‘overall voltage gain O 0Vv Ros IO g Reso Cc L t-—H 2 _ p10 {B00 R=ko | Ge Fig Q2 Question 3 4. Define the following for operational amplifier i. Input offset voltage js Va Vokkmae, [2marks} Bias current ‘ [2marks} [2marks} (2marks} Offset current _ Beare) ie Bthmon mode rejection ratio es Find the output ofthe multistage Amplifier of Fie ad b. Find the Ry=100K0 Ry=t00KA Fig 3 ‘ ’ 4 CU Miestion 4 | Find tc;Vce and draw the load Tine on output characteristic and indicate the Q-point for the cireuit of Fig Q4 a. Take VBE =0.7V and f =50, [10marks} Ro240 Ko. JAREE Vat-1ev tn Rooke Aq oa ig Q4b ie Question 5 a. Draw the graph showing the drain characteristic of JFET with Vgs=0V and explain briefly the different regions in the curve. [émarks} 4 b. Draw the circuit diagram and the equivalent circuit of N channel JFET connectea as i. Common gate amplifier [Smarks] ii, Common drain amplifier [Smarks] iii, Common source amplifier [amarks] _ Meeston 6 a, Calculate the drain current Ip and drain voltage Vp for the circuit of Fig Q6a [Homarks} ? \ t ‘ Voo"20V “ Ry=20K0 Rom 10k0 we Ve Re=22k0, e= 12k rec ; 4 b.. Forthe JFET of Fig Q6¥he Transconductance at zero gate-to source voltage Znx= 5 ; mS. Determine the amplifier input resistance (R’) and a.c voltage gain (Vo/Vin) for S the circuit, Assume the capacitors to be short circuit for a.c. 9 [10marks} e Re Fig Q6b Question 7 8. Distinguish between positive and negative feedback amplifier. [2marks} b. Draw the block diagram ofthe following feedback networks [8marks} ‘+ Voltage series ii. Voltage shunt iti. Current series and iv, Current shunt ©. For the feedback amplifier circuit of FigQ7b find i, Feedback Ratio [4marks] i, Feedback factor i marks} - iff 4. marks] [2marks} a a> Efyhou [® Oke FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, OYE EKITT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, T OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 2018/2019 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION COURSE CODE: EEE 383 TIME ALLOWED: 2 Hours. 30 min COURSE TITLE: Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CREDIT UNIT: 2 INSTRUCTION: Attempt any four (4) questions. Question 1 (@) With the aid of a diagram, define the following terms: © Cut-in wind speed, (ii) Rated wind speed and (ii) Cut-out wind speed [3 Marks} (©) What are the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal axis wind torbines (HAWTs) and Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)? {3 Marks} (©) What are the functions of inverter, battery Storage system, utility meter and circuit breaker cheat 0-m rotor diameter is to be mounted on either a 50-m tower or an 80-m tower as shown in Fig. 1.1. Assume the usual 1/7th rule of thumb for the shear-friction Coefficient. (i) Compare the wind power density at each hub height and (i For each height, reaches toe aio OF the power density at the highest point that the tip of swt blade reaches to the lowest point to which it falls. . P top — wy Question 2 deliver, ; rove that the power red th the aid ofa stream tube diagram presented in Fig. 2.1, P (@) With the : Loc, (3 Marks) by the rotor of wind turbine generator is 7, = 504 : Downind Ye Rotor area’ Ts ve CR Fig. 21 : 16) An 82-m, 1.65-MW, fixed speed wind turbine has a rated wind speed of 13 ae i connected through a gearbox to a 4-pole, 60-Hz synchronous generator. C i, What gear ratio should the gearbox have if the turbine is designed to tum at 144 rpm? jas What is the tip speed ratio when the winds are blowing at the rated wind speed? 34 he ‘What is the overall efficiency of the machine (including rotor, gearbox, generator, etc.) ai its rated wind speeay 2 's: The power cuve for this machine indicates that it wll deliver half ofits rated output in 8 m/s Winds. What is its eficency and TSR at tht wind speed? ¥. What would be the TSR with 8 m/s winds if the generator could switch from four poles to six? Ae) Wat are the economic factors for the Git QN3t = Spal operation of @ wind turbine generat02? seca [3 Marks] Neorabte cost, of ever ea if Reoete (@ Explain how the mechanical damage that associat with a pitch control, me ing to technical and economic “6° constants (©) Explain the following terms: re re 4, Feed in tart at ees (ii Netmetering trite GAs om oer Letctiny ue 5e ‘il Standslone or off-grid hybrid power system oN o y et ith Hey jon and Storage ‘ RUCTION: ‘ Lik Ai quest i i Answer one que Question \ / pain the fotlgwing terms with the ams: ly i. Direct beam radiation ag ie it Ditlase afiation a3 23 Ma re he npc of ag om ring ott i ser exh wi nS aa Tin petal tit consis of electricity forthe siandalone systerp aesiyil ot Ting te telly rough asco ean, te ono let sinted) nese aaah sith ay chia eel ony omianushedr nt peat | ith the ftlowingspciteat es 426, 20-yeur lah | Lae Ree ae ele ek. oe Batery cost $150/KWh / itt Sy BOS hanticre= 6Wp 1, dy i, BOS noi Sonim rpetesy oe QeSE_ Ca) Catesiae ane fltowing forte direct beam solr radiation nora tot sun's. ays at be QZ3T i Atlan (aide 3.74) on May 21 clea ay! i 4 Apparent exfatereestrial flux) ; hye heel i| fi. Optical depih'(a) |e Roh I V1 iii, Solar dcctingtion on May 21 (8) i iv, Altitude angle of tie sun at solar noon (BN) : | Ye) Air mass ratjo (m) | c Vi. Clear-sky beam radiation atthe earth's surface (18) Question 2 | i Very a pies in the rural communi ng to echnical and economie constraints? » ta are Sdioeconomie pe ‘Connected (9 thé nations grid owit “A H:spiain the fotoiving tom verte aes ayy tn ‘ag cd in tar hid rit 1 CRE Tee \ Net meting taf : te dak i Slandaldne of off grid hybrid power system we Td i | O Grid-connected hybrid s stem { jit | °AS)_What ard the. functions of inverter, battery storage system, utility atid cireuit ‘ onnected hybrid systcin I ‘The 3.34 KWDC PV system desi 2010 residentia} average of 4. 71/nC Moan, Id be its cost of electri bee, ‘ets of renewable cnergy technolog bat are Hot! Mie hp (ie ate stem is paid for, with 44.5%, 30- 1-SO/W is achieved, what would the BEE EEE | ele (AEB FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OYE-EKITI FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING B. ENG, (HONS) ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS PROGRAMME Cae SS 2018/2019 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION COURSE TITLE: PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS CODE: EEE 325 COURSE UNIT 3 TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTION: _ATTEMPT ANY FIVE (5) QUESTIONS )UESTION ONE ; 7 eee lat the basic assumptions and limitations of Rutherford's atomic model. [2 marks] Gi)’ Calculate the wavelength of Ha line in Balmer series of hydrogen atom, Given. = rm Lea) aber ogy He OSS Rydberg constant R = 1.09x10'm. a Cm me), ee [1 mark}~ (©) @~ Define lonization energy. What is its value for @ Hydrogen atoms? (ii Using Bohr's Postulates for Hydrogen atom, show that the total energy (E) of the electron in the stationary states can be expressed as the sum of Kinetic energy (K) and Potential energy (U), where K = -2U. Hence, deduce the expression for the total [5.marks] energy in the nth energy level of Hydrogen atom. ii’ Briefly explain what you understand by doping. ilmark]- QUESTION TWO mp ()/ Explain the phenomenon of Hall Effect and its uses. [3 marks] ~ @ (ii)/ The Hall — coefficient of a specimen of doped semiconductor is 3.66 x 10™*m?C~* and the resistivity of the specimen is 8.93 10~?2—m. Determine the ,carrier 2 mobidlly Wie oo. PORN, Ue WET o (&) —@!_— What is the majority carrier in an n and ptype semiconductor? (ii) / By what process are the majority and minority carriers produced?" “raseen\[1 mark] (“Explain the effects of temperature on Conductivity of semiconductor. =""T2 marks] ~ (dy What do you understand by a semi-conductor? Mention three important properties of [2- marks)” semiconductors. QUESTION THREE - cg sae SARE E56, (2) @ Explain what the barrier potential is and how it is created, «> ~ [2 marks] (i) What is the typical value of the barrier potential for a silicon and-germanium diode? et ~ [1 mark] (b) Briefly explain what you understand by the following: (i) Knee voltage [2 marks] (iii) Limitations in the operating conditions of pr junction. [2 marks] [2 marks] (Q) Explain the mechanism of Hole current flow in a semiconductor? An N= type silicon has a resistivity of 1500 Q-m at a certain temperature. Compute the (d) electron — hole concentration given that m= 1.5 x 10'm™3,u, = 0.14m/V — s, uy = 0.05m?/V —s and e = 1.6 x 10-9C. [3 marks] yA UESTION FOUR (g) Briefly explain the following types of electron emission: ng ko Thermionic emission [1 mark] i) Field emission x [1 mark] Photo-electric emission *" y0 + [1 mark] [1 mark] (iv) Secondary emission. x8 b) (i) With the aid diagram, explain what you understand by light-emitting diode (LED). [3 marks] (ii) List five (2) advantages and two-(2) disadvantages of light-emitting diode (LED). geo ee? atte [2 marks) fie long and 0.01 cm in gig, m ical cathode 5 CO) Pi Ciyen that A= 60.2, it i lind a t consists of a cylindrt eT ion cure’ ‘A tungsten filament con find tt fee eae "gs 8 aerating temperature is 2500 feet 12, = 4.517 ev. a! G QUESTION FIVE tions of a Zener diode.” 97> = i istics and applica a Zener dl ok List the characteristics an : lon ‘diode: oe i ce) Explain the following breakdown in jun we (OY () Avalanche breakdown pt baw i) Zener breakdown. : ; oe 1) ibe the formation of a depletion region. 4 jal barrier in a pr junction, Ad) What is 2 pn junction? Explain the formation of potential i Te ete MOM 2 oemc Ka QUESTION SIX ~ - ated circuit? Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages c+ a) (i) ~~ What is an integrated circuit? i, 4 over discrete assembly. ‘ mary ith dimensi 104 3m x 19 (ii) A small region of an impure silicon crystal with dimensions oan cree x0: has only the’ions (with charge +1.6x10" C) present with a volume ens NG : OF The rest of the crystal volume contains equal densities of electrons (with charge -1.6x10 C) ang positive ions. Find the net total charge of the crystal. E2 marks} (6) (i) ~~ How will you make a monolithic / ‘ [2 marks] (iii) Find the intrinsic carrier concentration in Silicon at 300°K for which N = 3 x 1075 m3, 3 Ey = 1.lev, ut, = 0.14m?/V-s and yp, = 0.05m?/V-s. Also, find the conductivity of silicon. [3 marks} © Explain how electronic circuit consisting of different components can be constructed in a monolithic /C Bm / QUESTION SEVEN (@, @7 How is an n and! p-type semiconductor formed? IT mark] ~ 2 zie The voltage that would be developed across the coil, ifthe current through the ooil is interrupted and the flux in the iron falls to 10% of its former value in 0.001Secs. [3mks] - yuo i sections © 7 $, g se “answer any three Questions from this secre” os Ve _russr0N THREE oe : ically coupled. dB 15 0.5. [ants © (re art ty smc SENSORS" ; i at ; : ; for k. 15m) Py ic fun: density, magic: re Ci) Deve an oe used etic ereutt: magnéfic flux, magnetic fin: I mage ON (b) Define the following terms used in 2 23h ysteresis, and magnetic force. [mis] ve won. Te cesta limb has a cross-sectional ares (oF. 3Q shows a magnetic crew Tae Oa cof L-smiv in the central ib, Neglect the Ben’, cat the ampere us rene 6 FIO ry wor 1s aver By tam f magnetic leakage and fringing. The magnet ten fe (aim) 0.94 1.13 1.50 1.68 228 2.82 | ’ H (Atm) | 250 300, 400 [500 Neeru J te Aaserre cme Fig. 30: A Magnetic ereuit WWESTION FOUR , {2) state the fundamental laws of electrostatics, and using any of the laws, shows thet Coulomb's law could be derived from Gauss’s law. [6mks] (0) Using Gauss's theorem, derive a suitabie expression for the electric fied Intensity (E) due to the following: (a point charge inside the surface of a spherical conductor [3miss} (i) appoint charge outside the surface of a spherical conductor [2raks} (ii) a linear charge distributor [3mks} (i),_2n infinite change plane sheet [3mks] (9) An electric potential field is produced by three point charges q, = imC, qz = —2mCand gs = 3m¢ located at the points (0, 0, 4), (-2, 5, 1) and (3, 4, 6) respectively. Calculate the potential V, at (—1, 1,2), and hence determine the potential difference Vap, if Bis (1, 2, 3) [6mks] / QUESTION FIVE f2) What are dielectrics? State any six properties of a good dielectric material f9mks} {b) Determine the magnituc ®) rn magnitude of the gradient of the Laplacian operator of #, given that & = Ae) A:multiplate capacitor has a total of 28 plates each separated by waxed paper of thickness 0.05mm and the relative permittivity 21.8, The area of each plat m 21.8, te Is 420cm?, Calculate the pote fit rent ‘taken by this capacitor is 0.014 at 10KHz. [Take 25 = 8.854 x 10-2] tema] ee tae oe 2a 4 Day? + ya? eyne&es as ee ee &, mh Spotenia at a point due toa ch _ the potent nt 2 charge q My, er DERE atic Meld strength at the position r. tami) aN, (gy Seoneme an esis) poets rom fl pene, SON shes. [emks} yey fee ne charge of 6NC Is located at the origin, 1¢V = ory? A PM ectential at A(2, 3, ~ 6 ) Lame) Ta? Fotentat at 8(0, 3, ~ 4) rami} Sh > A) potential aiterence Vie f2mi=} ‘at 2 position r from it. Derive such potential from known show that the divergence of the curl of the vector 1.5V at (0, 6, — 8), calculate the: e fo SEVEN df inthe following phenomena in a magnetic circuit: (I) useful fux, @ effect. Use diagrams where necessary. State three measures to mini ks] Penarge of 2C is placed at the point (1, 3) and a chan ©) ential at the origin (0, 0) of the two point charges. ven @ vector field, A = x2yi-+ x25) —y222, (0 tor field vanishes. [emks} Gi) leakage flux and (ji) fringing imize fringing effect and leakage Tus. '9¢ of 3C is placed at the point (2, 0). Calculate the [7mks} From first principle, show that the divergence of the curl of the G00b LUCK TO U ALL we these cee /ay (GB FEDERAL UNIVI FACULTY OF ENGI ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING / 2018/2019 SESSION FIRST SEM | COURSE TITLE: MEASUREMENT RING DEPARTMENT TER EXAMINATIONS, ND INSTRUMENTATION 1 CREDIT UNITS: 2 COURSE CODE: EEE371 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTION: Answer any four(4) questions ) What is measurement? LH marky What is a standard? H marky 1 Gy Whats meant by the term ‘measurana’? Ht marth (GVA pressure gauge is calibrated from 0 ~ 50 KN/in?. tt hase uniform scale with 100 scale divi fifth ofthe scale division can be read wi isions. One ith certainty. Caleulate the resolution of the pressu re gauge. [2 marks] (@) (What are the different types of errors in ‘ measuring instrument? Describe (i) Three resistors have the following eatin, their sources briefly. /3 marks) gs: Ry = 470. + 4%, Ro = 650 + 40%, Rs= 550+ 4% eee ad tate and lining erors in ohms and in percentage ofthe resistance of hese resinars connected in series. 1 marks} UESTION TWO ( | + (What is mednt by the term ‘discrimination’ of» measuring instrument? WT markt Gib Why are purely mecheniedl aes 2 s#evanages of mechanical mstruments, _/3 marks] (cid Why are purely mechanical instruments not suitable for dynamic messunorrentsd [1 mark] (iv) With an example, explain loading effect in measurement systems 2 marks} (©) i) What is meant by the ‘dead zone’ of @ measuring instrument? (ii) Name two desirable static characte H marky istics of a measuring instrument. P marks] (it) AO— 25 A ammeter has a guaranteed accuracy of | percent of full scale reading. The current measured by this instrament is 10 A. Determine the limiting error in percentage. 15 marks] “ QUESTION THREE (3) (®) —@ _ Briefly describe three (3) classes of secondar Y instruments that you know and give an example of each class, 23 marks] (i) Why is the spring controlled permanent magnet moving coil instrument incapable of measuring the ac quantity? [lL mark] i) "What isthe advantage ofthe null balance technique of measurement? [mark ye 5 (©) (@ Enumerate five (5) advantages and thre (3) disadvantages ofa Permanent Magnet Moving Coil ov (PMMC) instrument, PAmarks} we Gil) A moving-coil voltmeter has a resistanc € of 20002 and the full scale deflection is reached when a potential difference of 100 mV is applied across the terminals, The moving coil has effective dimensions) of 30mm x 25mm and is wound with 100 tums, The flux density in the gap is 0.2 Whim’. Determine 7 (1) the contol constant ofthe spring ifthe final deflection is 100" and, (2)a suitable diameter of copper wire for the coil winding if 20% 1 I, 6 ofthe total instrument resistance is due to the coil winding. (Resstnity ot copper is 1.7% 10° Om] we [6 marks} eX "E371 MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 1 a7 resistance used? Port re rk is swamping ing resistance? i jron instrument p vving-controlled movinig iron V : Te 0 oat aigeiron instrument D mers: used in i rent damping no of instrument mejse of an electrodynamometer {YE © inst y=cut alibrated between 10 bar and 260 bar. What isthe sect spring ¢° nt instrument is i A wressure measuremen eT 11 07D omuma x 30mm wide and has 100 turns wound on it. Th Y/ ii) The coil of a moving coil voltmeter is ; d a a erer acca tt a, OO £0.25 x 10? Nm when the deflection is > : é aes is | Wh/m:, find the resistance that must be put in se fthe magnetic field in the ai on ame ile Sate col 9 re 1 volt per division, Resistance of the voltmeter is 10 00 i wit /oursTiON EES of 2 kHz, What can be used as a null detector in such s br {G) () A bridge circuit works at a frequency HH msi balanced condition used for measuring an unknown impedance js (i) Ifthe detector of a bridge under TT tang suddenly taken out, what isthe effect of this action on the meas| (iii) Name one application of the Maxweil’s bridge. (iv) Why do harmonie distortions in power supply (&}(i)_ Give two (2) requirements that must be met for satisfying balance con Ail) AnAC bridge with terminals A, B,C and contains four impedan FicFo. 7a and Zi One end ex: inipcdanves 2) aud 29 axe voNecteu a terminal A while one end each of impedances Z; and Z. connected at terminal D. The other ends of impedances Z, and Z3 are connected at terminal B while those of impedances Z> and Z, are connected at terminal C to form a four-arm bridge cirouit. A null detector is connected between terminals B and C while an alternating voltage supply is connecied eer terminals A and D. The supply voltage is 20 V at 500 Hz. Arm AB is 0.25 uF pure capacitor; arm BD is 400 © pure resistance and arm AC has a 1202 resistance in parallel with a 0.15 4F capacitor. Find the resistance and induetance or capacitance of the arm CD considering it as a series circuit /9 marks} not affect the performance of Mexwell’s brid; dition in a bri [2 marks} e *, QUESTION six () Bony all (@) (, Whatis the distinguishing factor between an electrical instrument and an electronic instrument? [1 mark Gi) Enumerate four (4) advantages of electronic instruments over their electrical counterparts. /2 tars} Gi) How can abasic meter movement be converted into an ohmmeter? Hi mark, Gv) How can a D’Arsonval meter movement be converted into an audio-frequeney ac ammeter? mark} (b) @_Assimusoidal voltage of rms value 10 V is a " f plied to a D’Arsonval met Ch, eas fier. What will be the reading on the meter? es ae a : z Amovng oil ammeter has a fixed shunt of 0.02 ohm resistance. If the coil resistance of the meter is 1000 5, ap ifference of 300 mV is required across it for full-scale deflection. Under this condition, atone ee current flowing in the shunt. [3 marks] is required to convert a 5-mA meter with 20 0 ii i zn Cal . inte i 5. , Ci ccrosenras mA nee with 20 ternal resistance into a $-A ammeter. Calculate (2) the multiplying factor of the shunt. “ "Be ks] marks EEE S7I-MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION "| Thee Tee 201s (SAX FEDERAL U FACULTY GF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERY me 2018/2019 SESSION SIRS SEMESTER OUT ONT COURSE TITLE: MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATT Ce tae alan \LLOWED: 2 [OURS INSTRUCTION: Answeralifour(4) question I UNITS: 2 x UESJAON ONE ( / [mark] P- What is measuring instruinent? imark] 3 What isa measurand? 7 i mark Gi) Give one example each of direct and indirect nieasurement. U ; = ¢ — 2marks] (0) pith an example, explain loading effect in measurement systems ed ist tvo (2) advantages and vo (2) disadvantages af mecha & +, in thee resistors have the Following ratings: | é Ry = 470.4 4%, Ry ~ 6504 4%, Ry ~ 550}* 1% esistance of | acta ae 2 ‘i fi \ rercentage of the resistance of these resistoi @~" ‘yetermine the magnitude and limiting errors inlohms and in percentags ap ‘eginected in series. QUESTION TWO 2} raheasuring instrument? °™ 11 mark (a) What is meant by the termi ‘discrimination’ o! i - n i 24s Vianee (3) advantages nd three (3) disadvantoges of niechunical instruments:<=" [2 marks} (iii) Why are purely mechanical instfuments not suitable for synamic measurements? Go " mark] {AE With an example, explain loading effect in measurement systems. Coenen pe! . i {b) (i). Deeive the expression for the deflection of@ spiny controlled permanent magnet moving coil 22 marks] instrument. ii) A PMMC voltmeter with a resistance of 20 2 gives a full-seale deflection of 120° when a potenti: difference of 100 mV is applied across it. ‘The moving coil has dimensions of 30mm x 25mm and is woun with 100 turns, The control spring constant is 3.75 » 10% Nuvidegree. Find the flux density in the air gaj Find also the dimension of copper wire of coil winding if 30%of the instrument resistance is due to co winding. The specific resistance of copper is 1.7 > 10" Qm, B marks} X QUESTION THREE (3) (a), (i) Deseribe the scale ofa (ii) What is the major use of an electrodynamometer tyge of ins (ii) Why is eddy-current damping not used in & moying-iron instrument? sprijg-contcolled mosiing iron instsument. [i mark] rurnent? i [mark] [i mark} (6) (i) I the detector of a bridge under balanced condition used for measuring an unknown impedance is _. Suddenly taken out, what is the effect of this action on the measured value of the impedance?: » [1 mark] (i) Abridge circuit works ata frequency of 2 kHz, What can be used as a null detector in such a bridge? ” 1 mark} Ae (iii) An AC bridge with terminals A, B, C and contain: four impedances Z), Zz, Zs and Zy. One C a impedes 2 and 72 are connected at terminal A «hile one ens each of impedances Zs and Zs are those ofan cgrminal D. The other ends of impedances Z) and 3 are connected at terminal P while "of impedinces Zand 2s are connected at terminal C to furm a four-arm bridge ciccuit. A null EEE 371-MIASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION | Mee i als Band C while an alternating voltage Supply is conn... y Arm AB is 0.25 HF pure capaci, 2 at 500 A ale th 00.5 Hl cg 0 essa i Feonsidering it as a se een tem pply wokage fs ne ae AC has at detector is connected be! terminals A and D. The s is 400 @ pure resistance and ar the resistance and inductance oF €ap 5 i marks} i UESTION FOUR (4 electrical counterparts. ~ e A) List four (4) advantages of electronic instruments ovet ie —— pe Pm (ii) How ea meler movement be converted into an’ohmmeter? se Hem Be Gi A sinusoidal volgge of -ms va 10 V is applied toa L"Arsonval meter connected in sezies wy 1") wave rectifier, What will be thy reading on the meter? Hing so 4 ; GH) A moving-coil ammeter has a fixed shunt of 0.2. With a coil resistance of R= 1000 Q and a potentiay difference of $00 mV across it, Full-scale deflection is obtained. (1) To what shunted current does it correspond? . I mark; (2) Calculate the value of'R to give full-scale deflection when shunted current iS75A. [2 mand (3) With what value of R is 40% deflection obiained with 100A? [3 marks} i =e 2 WBE Y= Sareseer 075 “Bsz eyo > ype oe Te DANKO ROUTH AIT os BA Ole LEB a | MLK Sx? St F7IKBOG > Le Sb mere = 1 7 INSTRUMENTATION | ae (hte ‘The 3.36 KWDC PV system is designed to delivers 4942 kWhiyr. Suppose the system cost is 7 ine 2010 residential average of $5.71/WDC (without incentives). If the system is paid for swith a 4.5%, 30-year loan, what would be its cost of electricity? If the SunShot goal of 4$1,50/W is achieved, what would the cost be? 4 Marks) (@ Find the altitude angle and azimuth angle for the sun at 3:00 pan. solar time in Bouldes, Colorado (latitude 402) on the summer sol [3 Marks] Question 4 . (@ Write a short note on the following terms: [4 Marks] Fill factor fi, Maximum power point : : | @ With the aid of a schematic diagram, explain how-to connect the PV modules in i a ib parallel. oo 7 a (©) From the short-circuit current arid open-circuit voltage diagrams presented in Fig. 4. te and a simple equivalent circuit for a PV cel consists ofa current source driven by sunlight in parallel with a real diode as shown in Fig. 4.2. Derive an expression to show I, Yoo = 0.0257. of “) ee where Voc= Open-circuit voltage, Zq-~ Short-cireuit current and 1,= Reverse saturation current ; * = v=o (0 TUS > 20704 wa Qn 3 Loe ee a/ Q NA ee Ap a 2) (or (a) Short-circuit curent (b) Open-ctcuit voltage o10ts & ad 5 Fig. 4.1 O47 + ay a‘ =] ia o () ee + ke t ae Fig. 4.2 [3 Marks] (@) Consider a 150 cm? PV cell with reverse saturation current Jy = 10"? A/em2. In full sun, it produces a short circuit current of 40 mA/em? at 25°C. What would be the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage in fall sun and again for $0% sun, Plot the fesulting IV. curves. a aa . [4 Marks] Question (a) Define the following terms with some example: i. Renewable energy distribution generation ii, Non-renewable energy distribution generation [4 Marks] ores Aen um iii, Solar declination on May 21 (6) 2° Gas 9 +h iv, Altitude angle of the sun ad noon (BN) UL oo v. Airmass ratio(m) (90%) 9-017 es vi. Clear-sky beam vadiltion at the earth’s surface (IB) (2 Oe w (7 Marks] ae 6 gh enw ? ow 9-6 aS a yen a ae HAS os ie wat i age ert | 43467 / | SUW\eboye SHB ove! annet a FEDERAL unvensny ove-siamt he pds Suen esa ge nee aces INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL Question NYOVEP HOUR, Emotes wy = * any two ofthe principle, oe) The inagnetic cireut of Fi bate gtd at Aaa ee area of the air gaps g, and gz by 5% and 8% respectively, Find: i. ihe electric circuit analog of the ‘magnetic circuit 2 marks) i Tieiehcantotseeea smart) iii, The flux density B in gaps g, and gy, [4 marks} F2 marks} igure QI consists of a 200-turn winding on a magnetic eave of ‘8ro parallel ar gaps 4) State the e.timce“ation for transformer. What is tie condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer? 12 marks) \b) tlustrate with a drawing the equivalent circuit ofa loaded transformer. [2 marks} “a °) A 2506-V, singté-phase trensforme is tested with its secondary winding short circuited. W voltage of 20 V is applied to-the primary terminals which takes an input current of 1 A; the power supplied being 10 watts, If the magnetising impedanes is neglected, Calculate: ‘Te values of leakage reactance and résistance, referred to the primary side and then to the F-vesamlary side. DréWw the circuits.“ } (6 raarks} i, ‘The sacondahy-wexhinal voltage ard voltage reguletion when 2 load impedance.of 0.12. 0.09 Qis connected, -—- | 3 marks} ii, The efficiency of the transformer under the wwss#'on of part li above, 2 marks} | / \ )ERAL UNIVERSITY OVE-ERT TY OF ENGINEERING 7 FACt DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING FIRST SEMESTER 2016/2017 SESSION © COURSE: EEE 33 -ELECTROMECITANICAL DEVICES & MACHINES 1 atric to VER } ‘CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT (CA) TEST. TIME ALLOWED I HOUR Site INSTRUCTION ° (ON: ANSWER ALL QUESTION = fp Sate 2 7 Why ate the core of magnetic materials are made up of laminated iron sheet?(2 marks] 2 marks} ‘—+}) Define magnetic reluctance and permeance ©) A magnetic system is shown in Figure QJ. The total number of tums is 100; the relative permeability of the iron is 1000, and the current is 10 A iii. Draw the electric eireuit analog ofthis magnetic syste [1 marks] [S marks] . iv. Calculate the total Manin the cone leg dads Na. oe ge a Fighre Qt SOPs Question Two i = a Hei he los E as) 2 manba : ee rks) ©) & 1OKVA 2300/230V_ distibution tragsforner has the following resistances. and reactances: : i, Ra442 R= 0.040 \ X=55Q\ X,=0.06.0 - ! B8k2\ Xen 45k ‘ ide of transformer, tion branch parameters are given referred to the high volta i. Find and Draw the equivalent circuit of \he transformer referred to the low voltage side. ¢ [3 marks} ji, Assume thatthe transformer is supplying rated load at 230V and 0.8 pf ligging, What is the referred transformee’s input voltage? And what is its voltage regulation? (2 marks] iii, What is the efficiency under the condition} of part ii above? * [lt marks} Pe ap és ri FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OYE-EKITI FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING t _yunsT SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2018/2019 SESSION 1 COURSE: BEE 343 ~ ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES & MACHINES | | COURSE CREDIT: 2 UNITS | TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS [ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS INALL. ion One es A) ‘Draw the block diagram of a simplified clectromechanical system and state the principles ieseribing how magnetic fields are used ina generator and| mock [4 marks] ‘by For the magnetic cieut in Fig QL, f= 40 A, N= 250 far If fringing effect is neglected for air gap 2 while the effective area of sir gap 1 is 6 percent rast than its physical size + Draw the analog electric circuit for the magnetic circuit indicating the coresponding vais, a [6 marl of induced flux, magneto-motive force, and air gap reluctances. Finkage, the inductance of the winding, [5 marks] habs ji. Determine the flux density in the air-gaps, the flux and the magnetic stored energy Question Two 4) Define the ideal transformer and draw the schematic diagram of an {deal transformer on load. State the components of @ transformer excitation current. How are they ‘modelled in a transformer oe. [4 marks] $ by The ciruit parameters of a SOKVA, 1200 V/240 V, SOB, single phase transformer, R= 05 0; Ry=0.021 2; X= 3.2.2; X= 0.12 9; with Re= 350 2 and Xn = 98.0 referred tothe privy i. Dist the equivalent transformer circuits refered to the a) primary and b) secondary. Show "numerical values ofthe cieuit parameters. [6 marks] ii If load is drawing fall load current at 0.85 leading pf, determine the primary voltage, core loss, and copper loss using the equivalent circuit referred to the secondary. [5 marks] equivalent circuit? Zo SH eee, Sea Uo , Page 1 of 2 Question Three 4 marks} al transformer. a a) Identify and expli Give the two a 8 prac irouit test. ‘ 3¢ of losses available i ‘open and short ci tSmensy in he four sp af seme a nats) 4) Draw the experimental circuit se ware reasons why transformers ae not ested by die! atamtiet ©) Write short notes on the following: iii, Potenti i. Core type windings of transformers ii Oil feed self-cooled cooling methods /Question Four f d output power of at the input an ‘ 9) Differentiate between leakage flux and mutual flux and show th inakih ‘an ideal transformer equal ing data obtained, the following da 3) A ISKVA, SOH2, 440-V/220-V, single-phase transformer is tested and th Open Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W) pen circuit test at HV side 906 710 Ke ee ae 1030 ~ th - Short circuit test at LV side ne > fe Calculate: i suit. (6 marks] ¥. The equivalent circuit parameters refered to the low voltage side. Draw the cir f leading. [5 marks) ‘The primary voltage, voltage regulation and efficiency at full Joad current and 0.8 p Question Five a) Explain the ‘armature reaction in a generator has the following data: Ry the induced emf at rated load b, ages \ ca und 5 at DC machine. A 50-kW, 250-V short-shunt compound * 0.062, Rae = 0.0402 and Ry= 1250. Calculate [7 marks] and terminal voltage. take 2V as the total brush-contact drop, bf ; _limarks] 5 es ot dq WS ou in rpm and (b) the torque d Tesistance of 1 Q. The flux Per pole is 20 mWb, Calculate (a) the speed veloped when the armature current is 40 A [7 marks} nt of 150 A at 400 V. The armat ») A'permanent magnet DC motor takes an armature curre resistance is 0.5.0, © ©. The machine has 6 poles and the a The flux per pole is 0, ture circuit mature is Wave Wound with 600 conductors. 18 wb. Assume negligible stray and brush losses, ifthe iron and mechanical . losses are 0.3 KW. Calculate: UH US ig marks] i, Output power tg te ii iT tore £03 : it Senes ent iil, Electromechanicat torque ez @xts 8 i. tbe % Iv. Efficiency of the Motor qy.r4 2&8 x Wis ee Sh i y fotor g\ v. Resistance Vali in serigs with the armature to Teduce the armature current by 10% = ©? eb Ae A, REG oy rane ae Be \ . i

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