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Chapter 1 - Basic Arithimetic PT 2

The document covers fundamental properties of real numbers, including commutative, associative, identity, and inverse properties, as well as specific rules regarding zero. It also discusses exponents, including the definition of nth roots and the computation of radical expressions. Additionally, it explains multiplication of radical expressions and methods such as the FOIL method and rationalizing the denominator.

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12 views4 pages

Chapter 1 - Basic Arithimetic PT 2

The document covers fundamental properties of real numbers, including commutative, associative, identity, and inverse properties, as well as specific rules regarding zero. It also discusses exponents, including the definition of nth roots and the computation of radical expressions. Additionally, it explains multiplication of radical expressions and methods such as the FOIL method and rationalizing the denominator.

Uploaded by

m.deb4164
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number Properties, Exponents, Decimals, Ratio and Proportions,

and Percentages

Properties Of Real Numbers:


➔ The set of numbers which are either rational or irrational: ℝ= ∥ ∪ ℚ
➔ Some properties of ℝ. Given a, b, c ∈ ℝ then,
1. Commutative Property: the order of arguments of + and x (or.) does not
matter
➔ A+b=b+a
➔ A.b = b.a
2. Associativity Property: is used when we need to add more than 2 numbers
➔ A + (b+c) = (a+b) +c
➔ a.(b.c) = (a.b).c
➔ Example: 18+23+9+12+27+11 = (18+2) + (23+27) + (9+11)
= 30 +50 + 20
=100

X · (2x-1) - 2 · (x²+1) + 2x +2 = x · (2x) - x · 1-2·x² - 2.1 + 2x + 2


= 2x² - x − 2x² − 2 + 2x + 2
=x

3. Identity Properties: Given a ∈ ℝ, following are true


➔ 0 is the additive identity of: a + 0 = 0 + a = a
➔ 1 is the multiplicative identity: a.1 = 1.a = a

4. Inverse Properties: Given a ∈ ℝ, its opposite -a and reciprocal 1/a (provided a


≠ 0) satisfy the following properties:
➔ -a is the additive inverse of a: a + (-a) = 0
➔ 1/a is the multiplicative inverse of a: a.1/a=1

5. Some Properties of 0: For any a ∈ ℝ, following are true


➔ A .0=0.a=0
➔ 0/a=0
➔ A can’t 0 there its is UNDEFINED
➔ The nth power to the negative exponent:
➔ a^-n=1/a^n: provided a CAN’T 0, n∈ℕ

Exponents

● The nth power to the exponents of the form 1/n for n∈ℕ: if a ∈ ℝ
● N∈ℕ we define the nth root of a, denoted by a^1/n or n√a as follows:
➔ If n is odd and a ∈ ℝ, then n√a=x if and only if x^n = a
➔ If n is even and a ≥ 0, then n√a=x if and only if if x^n = a
1) If n=2 we write √a instead of 2√a
2) If a ≥ 0 we always have (√a)²=a

Example
a) ∛-8 = -2 since (-2)³ = -8
b) √-8 does not exist since no number x will satisfy x² = -8
c) √4 = 2 since 2² = 4

● It is important to remember that we can compute even roots, only for real positive
numbers, and that they have a single value, meaning that √4 = 2 and not √4 ≠ ±2
● Extension the notion of the nth power if:
➔ (-8)^5/3 = ((-8)^⅓)^5 = (3√8)^5 = (-2)^5 = -32
Multiplying Radical Expressions

● Multiplication of expressions that contain radicals is very similar to multiplication of


polynomials

√3(2√6 - 5√12) = √3·2√6 - √3·5√12


= 2√18 - 5√36
= 2√9√2 - 5√36
= 6√2 - 30
● Applying the formula for the square of the difference:
➔ (a+b)² = a² -2ab + b²
➔ (3√x - 2√y)² = (3√x)² -2(3√x)(2√y) + (2√y)²
= 9x -12√xy + 4y

● Multiply using the FOIL method:


➔ (√x+3)²= (√x+3)(√x+3)
= √x · √x · 3√x+3 · √x+3·3
= x+6√x+9
= (√x)²+2(√x)(3)+3²
= x+6√x+9

Rationalizing the Denominator

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