Introduction To DBMS
Introduction To DBMS
Database
Management
Instructor
Dr. Muhammad Waqar
Contents
01 Basics of MS Access
Creating, Searching and Maintaining Database
Using Tables
1
3
Break up
Week 4
Creating
Creating, Assignment I
reports and
Searching (15%)
forms, Multi- MySQL
and table forms, Introduction
Maintaining Macros, Week 6 and Basics
Database Pivot tables Mid Term
Using Tables and forms (30%)
Break up
2
Grading Scheme
Test Percentage
Total 100%
Easy to change colors.
Grading
Marks Point Meaning
3
7
Textbooks
1. Microsoft Office Access ™ 2013: Comprehensive
TestsConcepts & Techniques Gary B.
Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Philip J. Pratt, Mary Z. Last
• t
4
Database Systems:
Design, Implementation, and
Management
Database Systems
Objectives
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10
5
Objectives (cont’d.)
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11
Introduction
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Why Databases?
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Data vs. Information (cont’d.)
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Role and Advantages of the DBMS
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Role and Advantages of the DBMS
(cont’d.)
• Advantages of a DBMS:
– Improved data sharing
– Improved data security
– Better data integration
– Minimized data inconsistency
– Improved data access
– Improved decision making
– Increased end-user productivity
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Types of Databases
• Databases can be classified according to:
– Number of users
– Database location(s)
– Expected type and extent of use
• Single-user database supports only one user at
a time
– Desktop database: single-user; runs on PC
• Multiuser database supports multiple users at
the same time
– Workgroup and enterprise databases
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Types of Databases (cont’d.)
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3 Vendor offers single-user/personal DBMS version
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Evolution of File System Data
Processing
• Reasons for studying file systems:
– Complexity of database design is easier to
understand
– Understanding file system problems helps to
avoid problems with DBMS systems
– Knowledge of file system is useful for converting
file system to database system
• File systems typically composed of collection of
file folders, each tagged and kept in cabinet
– Organized by expected use
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13
Evolution of File System Data
Processing (cont'd.)
• Initially, computer file systems resembled
manual systems
• As number of files increased, file systems
evolved
– Each file used its own application program to
store, retrieve, and modify data
– Each file was owned by individual or department
that commissioned its creation
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File System Redux: Modern End-User
Productivity Tools
• Ubiquitous use of personal productivity tools
can introduce the same problems as the old file
systems
• Microsoft Excel
– Widely used by business users
– Users have become so adept at working with
spreadsheets, they tend to use them to
complete tasks for which spreadsheets are not
appropriate – database substitute
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16
Problems with File System Data
Processing (cont'd.)
• Security features difficult to program
– Often omitted in file system environments
• Summary of file system limitations:
– Requires extensive programming
– Cannot perform ad hoc queries
– System administration is complex and difficult
– Difficult to make changes to existing structures
– Security features are likely to be inadequate
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Structural and Data Dependence
(cont'd.)
• Practical significance of data dependence is
difference between logical and physical format
• Logical data format: how human views the data
• Physical data format: how computer must work
with data
• Each program must contain:
– Lines specifying opening of specific file type
– Record specification
– Field definitions
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Data Redundancy
• File system structure makes it difficult to
combine data from multiple sources
– Vulnerable to security breaches
• Organizational structure promotes storage of
same data in different locations
– Islands of information
• Data stored in different locations is unlikely to
be updated consistently
• Data redundancy: same data stored
unnecessarily in different places
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Data Redundancy (cont'd.)
• Data inconsistency: different and conflicting
versions of same data occur at different places
• Data anomalies: abnormalities when all changes in
redundant data are not made correctly
– Update anomalies: An agent has a new phone
number, it must be changed in all records of that
agent
– Insertion anomalies: A new agent would have to be
entered with a dummy customer
– Deletion anomalies: Deleting a customer may delete
the only record of an agent
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Database Systems
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The Database System Environment
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The Database System Environment
(cont'd.)
• Hardware: all the system’s physical devices
• Software: three types of software required
– Operating system software
– DBMS software
– Application programs and utility software
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The Database System Environment
(cont'd.)
• Database systems are created and managed at
different levels of complexity
• Database solutions must be cost-effective as
well as tactically and strategically effective
• Database technology already in use affects
selection of a database system
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DBMS Functions
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DBMS Functions (cont'd.)
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DBMS Functions (cont'd.)
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Managing the Database System:
A Shift in Focus
• Database system provides a framework in
which strict procedures and standards enforced
– Role of human changes from programming to
managing organization’s resources
• Database system enables more sophisticated
use of the data
• Data structures created within the database
and their relationships determine effectiveness
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Preparing for Your Database
Professional Career
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Summary
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Summary (cont'd.)
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Summary (cont'd.)
• In a file system, data stored in independent files
– Each requires its own management program
• Some limitations of file system data
management:
– Requires extensive programming
– System administration is complex and difficult
– Changing existing structures is difficult
– Security features are likely inadequate
– Independent files tend to contain redundant data
• Structural and data dependency problems
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Summary (cont'd.)
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