Scribd
Upload
13 views43 pages

Lecture (6) (Applied Math I)

Mathematics lectures kind of important

Uploaded by

seifh0307
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views43 pages

Lecture (6) (Applied Math I)

Mathematics lectures kind of important

Uploaded by

seifh0307
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

Applied Mathematics I

Lecture 6: Differentiation and


Derivatives

Fall 2024 - - Dr. Neama Madany


Lecture contents

● Slope of a curve at a point


● Differentiability of a function at a point
● Differentiation Rules.
● Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
● The chain rule
● Implicit differentiation
● Higher-Order Derivatives
● Parametric Differentiation
Remember: Slope of a curve at a point

● The slope of the secant line PQ to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is:

● The slope of the curve y=𝑓(𝑥) at the point 𝑃(𝑋0, 𝑓(𝑥0)),


equals the slope of its tangent line at this point , is:

● The equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝒚 = 𝑓(𝑥) at


the point 𝑃(𝑋0, 𝑓(𝑥0)) is:

Page - 3
Example: Slope of a curve at a point
Use the definition to find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 then, find the equation of the tangent to the curve
at (i) 𝑥 = 4 (ii) 𝑦 = 1.5

Solution
(i) 𝑥 = 4 → 𝑦 = 𝑓(4) = 4 = 2
𝑓 4+ℎ −𝑓 4 4+ℎ− 4
m = limℎ→0 = limℎ→0
ℎ ℎ
4+ℎ− 4 4+ℎ+ 4 4+ℎ −4
= limℎ→0 ∗ = limℎ→0
ℎ 4+ℎ+ 4 ℎ 4+ℎ+2
ℎ 1 1
= limℎ→0 = limℎ→0 =
ℎ 4+ℎ+2 4+ℎ+2 4
𝑦−2 1 1
The tangent: = ⇒ 𝑦= 𝑥+1
𝑥−4 4 4

(ii) 𝑦 = 1.5 → 1.5 = 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 2.25 ( Try to complete)


Page - 4
The Derivative as a function

● Remember

Page - 5
Differentiability of a function at a point
Differentiability of a function at a point

Page - 7
Differentiability of a function at a point

Therefore:

Page - 8
Differentiability of a function at a point
● Note: A function 𝑓 is not differentiable at a point in the following two cases :
(i) Points of discontinuities

(ii) Special cases of Points of continuities, such as:

Page - 9
Example: Differentiability of a function at a point

Page - 10
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules

● If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable functions and 𝑐 is a constant, then:


𝒅𝒇
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒄 (𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕) 𝟎
𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒙) + 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) ∗ 𝒇′(𝒙) − 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈²(𝒙) ,𝒈 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒅 𝒙
∣𝒙∣ , 𝒙≠𝟎
𝒅𝒙 ∣𝒙∣
Page - 13
Differentiation Rules

Page - 14
Example: Differentiation formulas

Solution

Page - 15
Example: Differentiation formulas

● Find

Solution

Page - 16
Example
Differentiate a- b-

a- Solution: b- Solution:

Page - 17
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Page - 19
Example: Derivative of the Sine Function
Calculate the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = sin(𝑥) using definition: Remember
Solution:

Page - 20
Example: Derivative of the Cosine Function
Calculate the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
Solution: Remember

Page - 21
Example: The derivative of the tangent function

● Calculate the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥)=tan(𝑥)


We use the Derivative Quotient Rule to calculate the derivative:
Solution:

Page - 22
Example: Derivatives of secant Function (sec)

Calculate the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) =sec (𝑥)


𝑑 𝑑 1
● 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )

Try to prove :
𝑑
• cot 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• csc 𝑥 = − csc 𝑥. cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Page - 23
Example: Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
● Differentiate

Solution:

Page - 24
Example: Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Solution:

Page - 25
The chain rule
The chain rule

Page - 27
The Power Rule Combined with the Chain Rule

● If n is any real number and u = 𝑔(𝑥) is differentiable, then:

Example:

Page - 28
Example

Solution:

Page - 29
Example : Power Rule Combined with the Chain Rule
● Find the derivatives of:
a-
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥

b-

Page - 30
Example: Power Rule Combined with the Chain Rule
● Find y’’ if

Solution:

Page - 31
Example: Power Rule Combined with the Chain Rule

● Find the slope of

Page - 32
Implicit differentiation
Implicit differentiation
● Some functions are defined implicitly by a relation between 𝑥 and 𝑦.
● For instance, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 or 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 6𝑥𝑦.
● It is required to find 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 for these functions.
● Fortunately, we don’t need to solve an equation for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 in order to
find the derivative of 𝑦.
● Instead, we can use the method of implicit differentiation. This consists of
➢ Differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to 𝒙.
➢ Solving the resulting equation for 𝒚′ .

Page - 34
Example : Implicit differentiation

Solution:

Page - 35
Example : Implicit differentiation

● Find y′ if

Solution:

Page - 36
Example : Implicit differentiation
● Find the tangent and the normal at the point )2,4) for
Solution:

Page - 37
Higher-Order Derivatives
Higher-Order Derivatives

● If y = is a differentiable function, then its derivative ƒ′(x) is also a function. If ƒ′ is also


differentiable, then we can differentiate ƒ′ to get a new function of 𝑥 denoted by ƒ″.
It is written in several ways:

Page - 39
Example: Higher-Order Derivatives

Find the first four derivatives of


Solution:

Page - 40
Example: Higher-Order Derivatives

Solution:

Page - 41
Example: Higher-Order Derivatives

Solution:

Page - 42
Parametric Differentiation

Page - 43
Example: Parametric Differentiation

Page - 44

You might also like