Maths Practice Paper

Time – 150mins

1. What does standard deviation measure?

o a) Central tendency of data
o b) Spread of data around the mean
o c) Difference between the highest and lowest values
o d) The most frequent data point
2. If the probability of A is 0.3, and the probability of A given B is 0.6, what is the
conditional probability P(B | A) if P(B) = 0.4?
o a) 0.2
o b) 0.4
o c) 0.5
o d) 0.6
3. In a box containing 5 red and 3 green balls, two balls are drawn without replacement.
What is the probability that the first ball is red and the second ball is green?
o a) 1/8
o b) 5/28
o c) 3/28
o d) 15/56
4. If P(A ∩ B) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.4, what is P(A | B)?
o a) 0.1
o b) 0.2
o c) 0.5
o d) 0.8
5. What is Bayes' Theorem used to compute?
o a) Simple probability
o b) Independent probability
o c) Conditional probability
o d) Joint probability
6. If two events are mutually exclusive, what is the probability of A ∩ B?
o a) 0
o b) 0.5
o c) 1
o d) Cannot be determined
7. What is the expected value of a fair 6-sided die roll?
o a) 3.5
o b) 4.5
o c) 6
o d) 1
8. What is the value of the correlation coefficient if two variables are perfectly positively
correlated?
o 0
o 1
o -1
o 0.5
Answer: B

9. Which method is used to calculate the correlation between two ranked variables?
 o Karl Pearson's method
o Least squares method
o Rank correlation (Spearman's)
o Chi-square test
Answer: C
10. If the correlation coefficient between X and Y is -0.8, what can be said about the
relationship between X and Y?
o Strong positive correlation
o Weak negative correlation
o Strong negative correlation
o No correlation
Answer: C
11. Which of the following ranges represents the possible values of a Pearson correlation
coefficient?
o 0 to 1
o -1 to 1
o -1 to 0
o 0 to ∞
Answer: B
12. For a perfectly negative correlation, the value of the correlation coefficient is:
o 0
o -1
o 1
o Infinity
Answer: B
13. What is the main assumption of Pearson’s correlation coefficient?
o Data is categorical
o Linear relationship between variables
o Data is nominal
o Non-linear relationship
Answer: B

14. What is the primary purpose of curve fitting in statistical analysis?

o To find the line of best fit through a set of data points
o To calculate the correlation coefficient
o To measure the variance in the dataset
o To find the standard deviation of the dataset
15. In a polynomial regression model, the degree of the polynomial:
o Determines the number of predictors used in the model
o Defines the curvature of the regression line
o Is always equal to the number of data points
o Represents the variance of the independent variable
16. What is an exponential regression model typically used for?
o To model linear relationships
o To model growth or decay processes
o To calculate the skewness of a distribution
o To calculate the moments of a distribution
17. Which of the following is NOT a moment of a distribution?
o Mean
o Median
o Skewness
o Kurtosis
18. Which of the following statements is true about skewness?
o Positive skew means that the left tail of the distribution is longer than the right.
o Negative skew means that the distribution is symmetric.
 o Skewness measures the symmetry of a distribution.
o Skewness measures the spread of a distribution.
19. Kurtosis refers to:
o The skewness of a distribution
o The peakness or flatness of a distribution
o The spread of a distribution
o The mean of a distribution

20. If two variables have a correlation coefficient of 0, this indicates:

o A perfect positive linear relationship
o A perfect negative linear relationship
o No linear relationship
o A curvilinear relationship
21. In a regression analysis, the least squares method is used to:
o Minimize the sum of the squared residuals
o Maximize the correlation coefficient
o Calculate the mean of the dependent variable
o Find the median of the independent variable
22. Which of the following describes the relationship between the two regression lines in a
bivariate dataset?
o The lines are always parallel
o The lines are always perpendicular
o The lines are always coincident
o The angle between the lines depends on the regression coefficients
23. What is the value of Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient when the data points lie
perfectly on a straight line with a positive slope?
o 0
o 1
o -1
o Undefined
24. The regression line of X on Y is:
o X=a+bY
o Y=a+bX
o Y=b+aX
o Y=X+a
25. Which measure of central tendency is least affected by extreme values?
o Mean
o Median
o Mode
o Variance

26. What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a fair six-sided die?

o 2/3
o 1/3
o 1/2
o 1/6

27. According to Bayes' theorem, which formula represents the probability P(A∣B)P(A|B)P(A∣B)?
o NONE OF THESE
o P(A)+P(B) / P(A)
o P(A)+P(B)
 o P(A)⋅P(B)

28. What does a correlation coefficient of 1 indicate?

o Perfect positive correlation
o Perfect negative correlation
o Partial correlation
o No correlation

29. Using Euclid’s algorithm, the GCD of 48 and 18 is:

o 12
o 18
o 48
o 6
30. Regression coefficients are always:
o Positive
o Negative
o Between -1 and 1
o Independent of correlation
31. The angle between the regression lines depends on:
o Correlation coefficient
o Variance of X and Y
o Covariance of X and Y
o All of the above
32. If the correlation coefficient is 0, the angle between the two regression lines is:
o 0°
o 45°
o 90°
o Undefined
33. The angle between two regression lines can be found using the formula involving:
o Standard deviations
o Correlation coefficient and regression coefficients
o Means of X and Y
o Variances only
34. When two lines of regression coincide, the angle between them is:
o 0°
o 90°
o 180°
o Undefined
35. The second central moment of a dataset represents:
o Mean
o Variance
o Skewness
o Kurtosis
36. Calculate the standard deviation for the dataset {2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9}.
o 2
o 2.14
o 1.5
o 1.89
37. If P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.3, what is P(A ∪ B)?
o 0.7
o 0.8
o 0.9
o 1
38. Using Chebyshev’s inequality, find the proportion of values within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
 o 75%
o 88.90%
o 95%
o 99%
39. If f(x,y)=x2y3+4xy , what is ∂f /∂y?
o 2x2y2+4x
o 3x2y2+4x
o x2y2+4x
o 2x2y+4x
40. A linear differential equation is of the form:
o dy/dx+Py=Q
o y dy/dx+P=Q
o d2x/dy2+Py2=Q
o dy/dx =Py2 +Q
41. Which of the following is a linear differential equation?
o y′′+y2=0
o y′+3y=5x
o y′+yy′′=0
o y2+y′=1
42. The general solution of dy/dx+2y=0 is
o y=e−2xy
o y=Ce−2xy
o y=Cx−2
o y=2Ce−x
43. For the equation dy/dx−2y=3e2x, the particular solution is:
o y=3e2x
o y=e2x
o y=Ce−2x+ 3/2 e2x
o y=Ce2x
44. Using Chebyshev’s inequality, find the proportion of values within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
o 75%
o 88.90%
o 95%
o 99%
45. The differential equation dy/dx=3x2y2 /x2 + y2 is:
o Exact
o Linear
o Non-homogeneous
o Homogeneous
46. What is the order of the differential equation d3y/dx3+ dy/dx=0?
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4
47. According to the Division Algorithm, for any integer a and positive integer b, there exist unique
integers q and r such that:
o a=bq+r where 0≤r<b
o a=bq+r where 0<r<b
o a=bq+r where r>b
o None of the above
48. In an exponential distribution, what is the relationship between the mean (μ) and the rate parameter
(λ)?
o μ=λ
o μ = 1/λ
o μ = λ2
 o μ = 2/λ
49. If q and r are unique, which property does r always satisfy?
o r<q
o 0≤r<b
o r≥b
o q×b+r=0
50. What is the LCM of 14,8, 21
o 84
o 168
o 294
o 336
51. Which of the following expressions satisfies the division algorithm?
o 47=7×6+7
o 47=7×6+5
o 47=7×5+7
o 47=7×7+2
52. For a dataset with a mean of 5, if the variance is 4, what is the standard deviation?
o 2
o 4
o 16
o 8
53. Which method is widely used to solve problems with linear objective functions and linear constraints?
o Simplex Method
o Genetic Algorithm
o Newton’s Method
o Linear Regression
54. In engineering optimization problems, constraints are often
o Non-linear
o Non-variable
o Redundant
o The same for all types of problems
55. Linear programming optimization was first applied in which industry?
o Finance
o Military
o Agriculture
o Manufacturing
56. If q and r are unique, which property does r always satisfy?
o r<q
o 0≤r<b
o r≥b
o q×b+r=0
57. Which of the following is true about the application of the Chebyshev inequality for a distribution with
a variance of 16 and a mean of 50?
o At least 75% of the values lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
o At least 87.5% of the values lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
o At least 1 - (1/2²) = 75% of the values lie within 8 units of the mean
o At least 1 - (1/4) = 75% of the values lie within 8 units of the mean
58. In linear regression, what does the term "multicollinearity" refer to?
o The correlation between the independent variables
o The correlation between the dependent and independent variables
o The variance of the residuals.
o The degree of non-linearity in the model.
59. If p is a prime number, which of the following is not true?
o p is always greater than 1
o p has exactly two distinct positive divisors
 o p can be an even number.
o p cannot be expressed as a product of two smaller natural numbers
60. What is the key feature of stochastic optimization problems?
o They have no constraints.
o They involve random or uncertain parameters.
o The objective function is linear.
o They always have a unique solution

61.The LCM of 45 and 75 is:

A) 90
B) 135
C) 225
D) 375
Answer: C) 225

62.The product of two prime numbers is always:

A) Prime
B) Composite
C) Odd
D) Even
Answer: B) Composite

63.Which is the smallest 4-digit prime number?

A) 1001
B) 1003
C) 1009
D) 1013
Answer: C) 1009

64.The difference between two consecutive prime numbers greater than 2 is always:
A) Even
B) Odd
C) Prime
D) Composite
Answer: A) Even

65.Which of the following numbers has exactly six factors?

A) 12
B) 18
C) 20
D) 30
Answer: B) 18

66. If a number ends with 0, it is divisible by:

A) 2 and 3
B) 5 and 10
C) 4 and 5
D) 2 and 4
Answer: B) 5 and 10
67. Which of the following is not divisible by 3?
A) 27
B) 81
C) 100
D) 111
Answer: C) 100
68. The smallest prime factor of 91 is:
A) 7
B) 13
C) 3
D) 11
Answer: A) 7
69. Which number is divisible by both 4 and 6?
A) 8
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
Answer: D) 24
70. Which of the following is a prime number?
A) 33
B) 37
C) 39
D) 49
Answer: B) 37
71. If a number is divisible by 6 and 15, then it must be divisible by:
A) 30
B) 60
C) 90
D) 45
Answer: A) 30

72. GCD of 225 and 300 is:

A) 15
B) 25
C) 75
D) 150
Answer: C) 75
73. GCD of two numbers divides their:
A) Product
B) Difference
C) Sum
D) Average
Answer: B) Difference
74. Using Euclid's Algorithm, GCD of 101 and 103 is:
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 103
Answer: A) 1
75. If GCD of two numbers is 8, then both numbers must be divisible by:
A) 2
B) 4
 C) 8
D) 16
Answer: C) 8
76. The GCD of 36, 60, and 84 is:
A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
Answer: B) 12

77. LCM of 18 and 24 is:

A) 36
B) 54
C) 72
D) 84
Answer: C) 72
78. The LCM of 7, 14, and 28 is:
A) 28
B) 56
C) 84
D) 112
Answer: A) 28
79. If the LCM of two numbers is 180 and their GCD is 15, one of the numbers is 45. The other number is:
A) 60
B) 75
C) 90
D) 120
Answer: A) 60
80. LCM of 8, 9, and 21 is:
A) 72
B) 168
C) 504
D) 252
Answer: C) 504
81. If the product of two numbers is 180 and their GCD is 6, their LCM is:
A) 18
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90
Answer: D) 9
82. In linear programming, which of the following can indicate that the solution to the problem is
unbounded?

 a) A zero pivot element

 b) A non-basic variable becomes negative
 c) The objective function improves infinitely
 d) No feasible region is identified

83. Which condition must hold for the differential equation y′′+py′+qy=0y'' + py' + qy = 0y′′+py′+qy=0 to
have complex roots in its characteristic equation?

 a) p2−4q>0p^2 - 4q > 0p2−4q>0

 b) p2−4q<0p^2 - 4q < 0p2−4q<0
 c) p2−4q=0p^2 - 4q = 0p2−4q=0
 d) p2=4qp^2 = 4qp2=4q

84. The particular solution for the differential equation y′′+4y=sin⁡(2x)y'' + 4y = \sin(2x)y′′+4y=sin(2x)
can be solved using:

 a) Method of undetermined coefficients

 b) Separation of variables
 c) Integrating factor method
 d) Substitution method

85. Forthe linear programming problem Maximize Z=3x+4y subject to x+2y≤8,2x+y≤8\, what is the
optimal solution?

 a) x=2,y=3
 b) x=0,y=4
 c) x=4,y=0
 d) x=2,y=2

86. Which of the following is a valid condition for a homogeneous linear differential equation?

 a) The function equals a non-zero constant

 b) The equation contains terms that depend only on yyy
 c) All terms of the equation are proportional to the dependent variable or its derivatives
 d) The equation is equal to a variable-dependent function

87. In partial differentiation, a critical point occurs where:

 a) The first partial derivatives are zero

 b) The second partial derivatives are zero
 c) The function itself is zero
 d) The first and second derivatives are zero

88. In a linear programming problem, if the feasible region is unbounded, then the solution is:

 a) Always optimal
 b) Unbounded if the objective function is unbounded
 c) Unique
 d) Infeasible

89. The general solution for the first-order linear differential equation can be found using:

 a) Separation of variables
 b) Laplace transforms
 c) Integrating factor method
 d) Substitution method

90. If the characteristic equation of a second-order differential equation has complex roots, the solution will
include:

 a) Exponentials and trigonometric functions

 b) Only trigonometric functions
 c) Only exponential functions
 d) Polynomial terms

91. For the linear programming problem Maximize Z=3x+2y subject to x+y≤6,x+2y≤8 what is the optimal
value of ZZZ?

 a) 12
 b) 14
 c) 16
 d) 18

92. In a linear programming problem, if a slack variable becomes zero at the optimal solution, this indicates:

 a) The corresponding constraint is binding

 b) The objective function is unbounded
 c) The constraint is redundant
 d) The solution is infeasible

93. The particular solution for the differential equation y′+y=x2y' + y = x^2y′+y=x2 can be found using:

 a) Variation of parameters
 b) Method of undetermined coefficients
 c) Laplace transforms
 d) Separation of variables

94. If the feasible region of a linear programming problem is a line segment, the number of optimal solutions
will be:

 a) Zero
 b) Infinite
 c) One
 d) Two

95. For the linear programming problem Maximize Z=5x+6y s subject to 2x+3y≤12, what is the optimal
solution?

 a) x=2,y=2
 b) x=0,y=4
 c) x=4,y=0
 d) x=3,y=1

96. Which method can be used to solve systems of linear equations obtained from linear programming
problems?

 a) Gaussian elimination
 b) Newton’s method
 c) Simplex method
 d) Bisection method

97. In partial differentiation, the critical points of a function are classified as:

 a) Local maxima, minima, or saddle points

 b) Only local minima
 c) Global maxima or minima
 d) Points where the function is not differentiable

98. The characteristic equation for the second-order differential equation y′′+4y′+4y=0y'' + 4y' + 4y =
0y′′+4y′+4y=0 has:

 a) A repeated real root

 b) Complex roots
 c) Distinct real roots
 d) No real roots

99. In linear programming, an infeasible solution occurs when:

 a) None of the constraints are satisfied

 b) The feasible region is unbounded
 c) There is no intersection of constraints
 d) The objective function is minimized

100. The solution to the homogeneous linear differential equation y′′+2y′+5y=0y'' + 2y' + 5y =
0y′′+2y′+5y=0 involves:

 a) Trigonometric functions
 b) Exponential functions
 c) Polynomial functions
 d) A combination of exponential and trigonometric functions