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Module 1B (19-10-2024)

The document outlines the course 'Computer Organization and Architecture (CSE 214)' for Spring 2025, taught by Dr. Md. Tarek Habib. It covers topics such as computer abstractions, technology, and the components of a computer, emphasizing the importance of understanding the processor and instruction set architecture. The course aims to provide insights into computer design and practical experience in building working computers.

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15 views15 pages

Module 1B (19-10-2024)

The document outlines the course 'Computer Organization and Architecture (CSE 214)' for Spring 2025, taught by Dr. Md. Tarek Habib. It covers topics such as computer abstractions, technology, and the components of a computer, emphasizing the importance of understanding the processor and instruction set architecture. The course aims to provide insights into computer design and practical experience in building working computers.

Uploaded by

alifyousufabdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring 2025

Computer Organization and Architecture


(CSE 214)

Topic – 1B:
Computer Abstractions and Technology

Course Teacher:
Dr. Md. Tarek Habib
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Reference Book

• “Computer Organization and Design – The


Hardware/Software Interface,” David A.
Patterson and John L. Hennessy, 5th
Edt., Elsevier.

☞ Chapter 1

2
Topic Contents
• Introduction [Sec. – 1.1]

• Below Your Program [Sec. – 1.3]

• Under the Covers [Sec. – 1.4]

• Technologies for Building Processors and Memory

[Sec. – 1.5]

3
Introduction
■ Rapidly changing field:
■ vacuum tube -> transistor -> IC -> VLSI
■ doubling every 1.5 years:
■ memory capacity
■ processor speed (due to advances in technology and hardware
organization)
■ cute example: if Boeing had kept up with IBM we could fly from
Bangkok to HCM City in 10 minutes for 5 baht (2000 dong) !!
■ Things we’ll be learning:
■ how computers work, what’s a good design, what’s not
■ how to make them – yes, we will actually build working computers!!
■ issues affecting modern processors (e.g., caches, pipelines)

4
Five Classic Components of a
Computer
■ Input (mouse, keyboard, …)
■ Output (display, printer, …)
■ Memory Input
■ main (DRAM), cache (SRAM)
■ secondary (disk,
CD, DVD, …) Outpu
■ Datapath Processor t
Processor
■ Control (CPU)
Control
Memory
10010100101100
00101001010100
00
01
11110111011001
10
10010100101100
00
10010100101100
Datapath 00
10010100101100
00

5
Our Primary Focus
■ The processor (CPU)…
■ control
■ datapath / arithmetic logic
■ …implemented using millions of transistors
■ …impossible to understand by looking at individual
transistors
■ We need...

6
Abstraction
■ Delving into the depths reveals
more information, but…

■ An abstraction omits “unneeded”

detail, helps us cope with


complexity.
■ From the figure on the right,
abstraction helps the programmer
and he/she avoids too much detail.

7
Abstraction…

8
Abstraction…

9
Abstraction…

10
The Instruction Set:
a Critical Interface

software

instruction set

hardware

11
Instruction Set Architecture
■ Instruction set architecture (ISA) is a protocol that defines
how a computing machine appears to a machine language
programmer or compiler.
■ ISA is a very important abstraction:
■ interface between hardware and low-level software
■ standardizes instructions, machine language bit patterns, etc.
advantage: allows different implementations of the same architecture
disadvantage: sometimes prevents adding innovations

■ Modern instruction set architectures:


■ 80x86/Pentium, PowerPC, DEC Alpha, MIPS, SPARC, HP
■ The Intel Pentium implements nearly identical versions of the
x86 instruction set. 12
What is Computer Architecture?
Easy Answer

Computer Architecture =
Instruction Set Architecture
+
Machine Organization

13
Forces on Computer Architecture

Technology Programming
Languages

Applications
Computer
Architecture

Operating
Systems
History

14
THANKS…

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