LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS (EC404PC)

COURSE FILE
I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
Integrated Circuits design can be divided into the broad categories of digital and
analog IC design. The physical world is inherently analog indicating that there is always need
for analog circuitry. Today the growth of any industry is dependent upon electronics to a
great extent. Integrated circuit is electronics and this course IC application acquaints the
students with general analog principles and design methodologies using practical devices and
applications. It focuses on process of learning about signal condition, signal generation,
instrumentation, timing and control using various IC circuitry. With modern digitization
advantages we need to work with digital data and hence digital ICs play a crucial role in
connecting physical world to the more sophisticated digital world. This course focuses on
analysis, design and applications of modern digital integrated circuits.
II.PREREQUISITE(S):
1. Electronic Devices & Circuits
2. Switching Theory and Logic
3. Electronic Circuit Analysis.
III:COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
2 To teach the linear and non - linear applications of operational amplifiers.
3 To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL
4 To teach the theory of ADC and DAC.
5 To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special
function ICs.
6 To understand and implement the working of basic digital circuits
IV:Course Outcomes:
S.No. Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level
1 Understand the internal operation of Op-Amp and its Knowledge, Understand
specifications. (Level1, Level2)
2 Analyze and design linear applications like adder, Apply, Analyze
subs tractor, instrumentation amplifier and etc. using (Level 3, Level 4)
Op-Amp.
3 Analyze and design non linear applications like Apply, Analyze
multiplier, comparator and etc, using Op-Amp. (Level 3, Level 4)
4 Classify various active filter configurations based on Analyze
frequency response and construct using 741 Op- (Level 4)
Amp.
5 Operate 555 timers in different modes like bistable, Apply, Analyze
monostable and astable operations and study their (Level 3, Level 4)

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 1
 applications.
6 Determine the lock range and capture range of PLL Knowledge, Understand
and use in various applications of communications. (Level1, Level2)
V: HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
PO’s Program Outcomes (PO) Level Proficiency
assessed by

PO 1 Engineering knowledge: Engineering knowledge: Apply

the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
3 Assignments
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the
solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research 2
Hands on
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
Practice
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
Sessions
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for 3
complex engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs with Lab Sessions
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety,
and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use 2
research-based knowledge and research methods including
Assignments
design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
& Exercises
and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate 2 Seminars,
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools Discussions
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by 1 Projects
the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety,
legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact 1 Projects
of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of,
and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional -- ----
ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering
practice.

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 2
 PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an 1 Projects
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and
in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex 1 Seminars
engineering activities with the engineering community and /Presentation
with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate 2 Projects
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work,
as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and
in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the 2 Competitive
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- Examination
long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
VI: HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Leve Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
l assessed by
Professional Skills: An ability to understand the basic concepts in
Electronics & Communication Engineering and to apply them to
Assignments,
PSO1 various areas, like Electronics, Communications, Signal
Tests
processing, VLSI, Embedded systems etc., in the design and 2
implementation of complex systems.
Problem-Solving Skills: An ability to solve complex Electronics
and communication Engineering problems, using latest hardware Assignments,
PSO2
and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive cost 2 Tests
effective and appropriate solutions
Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: An understanding of
social-awareness & environmental-wisdom along with ethical
PSO3 responsibility to have a successful career and to sustain passion
and zeal for real-world applications using optimal resources as an 2 Assignments
Entrepreneur.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
JNTUH SYLLABUS:
UNIT-1:
Integrated Circuits: Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic information of Op-
amp,ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp characteristics, DC and AC
Characteristics, 741 op-amp and its features, modes of operation-inverting, non-inverting,
differential.

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 3
UNIT-2: Op-amp and Applications: Basic information of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier,
ac amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, Sample & hold circuits, multipliers and dividers,
differentiators and integrators, comparators, Schmitt trigger, Multivibrators, introduction to
voltage regulators, features of 723.
UNIT-3:
Active Filters & Oscillators: Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters, Band pass, Band reject
and all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation - RC, Wien and quadrature
type, waveform generators - triangular, sawtooth, square wave and VCO.
UNIT-4:
Timers & Phase Locked Loops: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, monostable
and astable operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger. PLL - introduction, block
schematic, principles and description of individual blocks of 565.
UNIT-5: D-A and A-D Converters: Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor
DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of ADCs -
parallel comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC dual slope
integration type ADC, DAC and ADC specifications.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Op-amps & linear ICs- Ramakanth A.Gayakwad, PHI.2003.
2. Digital Fundamentals-Floyd and Jain, Pearson education, 8th edition 2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Linear Integrated Circuits –D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International (p) Ltd, 2ndEd.,
2003.
2. Op Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits-Concepts and Applications James M.
Fiore,Cengage Learning/ Jaico, 2009.
3. Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits by K. Lal Kishore – Pearson,2009.
4. Linear Integrated Circuits and Applications – Salivahanan, MC GRAW
HILLEDUCATION.
5. Modern Digital Electronics – RP Jain – 4/e – MC GRAW HILL EDUCATION, 2010.
GATE SYLLABUS
Simple op-amp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation, single-
transistor and opamp configurations; Function generators, wave-shaping circuits and 555
timers; Voltage reference circuits; Power supplies: ripple removal and regulation.
ESE SYLLABUS
Basics of linear ICs, operational amplifiers and their applications-linear/non-linear, Active
filters, timers, multipliers, wave shaping, A/D-D/A converters
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 6
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 7
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 8
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 9
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 10
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 11
 cals(if
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 12
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 13
53 R-2R ladder https://drive. https://drive.g Small R-2R ppt and
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II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 14
 B9/view?us sharing Link
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II Mid Examinations
IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Course Program Outcomes Program Specific
Outcomes Outcomes
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO PO PO PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO PSO PSO3
4 5 6 1 2
CO1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO2 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 - 3 1 3 3 1 1 2
CO4 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 - 3 2 3 3 2 2 3
CO6 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 - 3 3 3 3 2 3 2

Average
2.67 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.67 1.67 - 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 1.33 2 2.17
Average
(Rounded) 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 - 3 2 3 3 1 2 2
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
XI. QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH)
UNIT I
Long Answer Questions:

Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Draw the differential amplifier circuit using op-amp and explain its Understand 1
working
2. Design a subtractor circuit whose output is equal to the Analyze 1
difference between the two inputs. Use a basic differential op-
amp configuration.
3. Draw the circuit diagram of an Instrumentation amplifier and Analyze 2
explain its working.
4. The input signal to an op-amp is 0.03 sin (1.5 × 105t). What can Remember 2
be the maximum Gain of an Op-Amp with the slew rate of
0.4V/μsec?
5. Classify ICs based on application, device used and chip Understand 3
complexity.
6. What is the operation performed by an inverting Op-Amp Remember 2
amplifier if its feedback resistance is replaced by a capacitance?
Explain the functioning of such circuit. What are the practical
difficulties associated with this circuit?
7. The Op-amp is configured as an inverting amplifier with Understand 2
R1=1KΩ and Rf=10KΩ. Calculate exact closed loop gain, ideal
closed loop gain and compare these two results.
8. Explain the operation of a Schmitt trigger circuit using IC 741. Understand 1

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 15
 9. Explain practical integrator circuit using IC 741. Analyze 1
10. Explain the internal structure of voltage regulator IC 723. Also Analyze 2
draw a low
voltage Regulator circuit using IC 723andexplain its operation.
11. Explain the following terms in an OP-AMP. Remember 2
1. Input Bias current 2. Input offset voltage 3. Input offset
current
12. Explain non inverting comparator using op-amp. Understand 3
13. Derive the gain for non inverting op-amp. Remember 2
14.Write a technical note on frequency response characteristics of Understand 2
differential amplifier. State the importance of frequency
compensation.
15. What is t instrumentation amplifier? What are the required
parameters of an instrumentation amplifier? Explain the working Understand 1
of instrumentation amplifier
with neat circuit diagram.
16. Explain various DC and AC characteristics of an op.amp. Understand 1
Distinguish
between ideal and practical characteristics.
17. With circuit and waveforms explain the application of OPAMP Remember 1
as
differentiator and write the advantages of practical differentiator.
18. An IC op-amp 741 used as an inverting amplifier with a gain of Remember 1
100. The voltage gain vs frequency characteristic is flat up to 12
kHz. Find the maximum peak to peak input signal that can be
feed without causing any distortion to the output.
Short Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Define Linear and Digital ICs. Remember 1
2. Classify the ICs. Understand 1
3. Define CMRR. Understand 2
4. How fast can the output of an op-amp change by 10V, if its slew Remember 2
rate is 1V/μs?
5. Mention the reasons why open loop is not preferred for linear Analyze 3
applications.
6. List out the ideal characteristics of op-amp. Remember 2
7. Write the features of 741 op-amp. Analyze 2
8. Define thermal drift. Remember 1
9. How fast can the output of an op-amp change by 10V, if its slew Remember 1
rate is 1V/μs?
10. Mention the advantages of integrated circuits. Remember 1
11. List the applications of IC 741. Understand 1
12. What is the purpose of IC 741 Understand 1
13. Define an operational amplifier. Remember 1

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 16
 14. Mention the characteristics of an ideal op-amp. Analyze 1
15. Define input offset voltage Remember 1
16. What are the applications of current sources? Analyze 1
17. Define sensitivity of an op-amp. Remember 1
18. What is slew rate? Discuss the methods of improving slew rate. Understand 1,2
19. Explain pole zero compensation and frequency compensation in op-amp. Remember 1
20. Define band gap reference? Explain in detail about the reference circuit Remember 1
21. Briefly explain the method of using constant current bias for increasing Remember 1
CMRR in differential?
22. Why Integrated circuits are needed? Understand 1
23. List all ideal characteristics of Op-amp Analyze 1,2
24. What is the effect of negative feedback in non-inverting amplifier Understand 2
UNIT II Long Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Explain the operation of I-V converter Evaluate 1
2. Explain the operation of a differentiator using Op-amp Evaluate 1
3. Explain the operation of instrumentation amplifier Evaluate 1
4. Explain the operation of multiplier using Op-amp Evaluate 1
5. Explain the operation of a comparator using Op-amp Analyze 1,
6. Explain the operation of a Schmitt trigger using Op-amp Analyze 2
7. Explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator Analyze 2
8. Draw the circuit diagram of quadrature oscillator and derive the equation for Evaluate 2
frequency of oscillations and also design such a ciruict to generate
oscillations at a frequency of 159Hz
9. Design a op amp circuit which can give the output as V0= 2V1- Analyze 2
3V2+4V3-5V4.
10. Explain and draw the output waveforms of the ideal integrator Evaluate 2
circuit when the input is
i) sine wave ii) square wave and iii) step input.
Short Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Remember 1
What is the necessity of a sample & hold circuit?
2 What do you mean by voltage regulator? Discuss the types in it. Understand 1
3 Discuss the following: input bias current, input off set current and Remember 1
thermal drift.
4 Explain the operation of V-I converter Remember 1
5 Explain the operation of divider using Op-amp Remember 1,2
6 Design and draw the circuit diagram of a Wein bridge Oscillator Remember 2
using op-amp to produce sustained oscillations of a time period of
0.1 m sec.
7 Explain how a Multiplier can be used as a voltage divider Understand 2
8 Explain the operation of an integrator using Op-amp Apply 2
9 Discuss the amplitude stabilization of Phase shift Oscillator. Understand 2
10 Draw the circuit sample and hold circuit Apply 2
UNIT III

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 17
 Long Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Design a second order low pass filter. Evaluate 3
2. Draw the circuit of a 1st order low pass filter and derive its Understand 3
transfer function.
3. Derive the expression for the transfer function of first order high Remember 3
pass filter
4. Explain the operation of VCO Understand 3
5. Discuss the operation of Wein Bridge Oscillator Understand 3
6. Draw the schematic diagram of Wein Bridge Oscillator and Understand 3
explain its working
7. Design a first order active high pass filter with cutoff frequency Analyze 3
of 2KHz with Op-amp. Why this is called active filter.
8. Design a triangular wave generator with f0 = 1.5KHz and V0(PP) Analyze 3
=5V
9. Discuss the applications of VCO Analyze 3
10. Explain the principle of operation of RC phase shift oscillator Analyze 3
and obtain the expression for frequency of oscillation.
11. Explain the operation of triangular waveform generator using Understand 3
op-amp.
12. Design a notch filter so that fo = 8kHz, Q =10. Choose C = 500pF. Understand 3
13. Design and draw the circuit diagram of a Wein bridge Oscillator Analyze 3
using op-amp to produce sustained oscillations of a time period of
0.1 m sec.
Short Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Why active filters are preferred? Remember 3
2 What is meant by cut off frequency of a high pass filter and how Remember 3
it is found out in a first order high pass filter
3 What are the limitations of active filters Remember 3
4 Give the principle of operation of VCO Understand 3
5 Mention the differences between band pass and band reject filter Understand 3
6 What is an active filter? What are the advantages offered by it Understand 3
over a passive filter.
7 Design a notch a filter to eliminate a 120Hz signal. Understand 3
8 What is VCO? Discuss Understand 3
9 List different types of Filters. Understand 3
10 State the Barkhausen criterion. Understand 3
11 What are the limitations of active filters? Remember 3
12 Design a phase shift oscillator to have output frequency of Understand 3
500Hz. Use ±12V supply.

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 18
 13 Mention the differences between band pass and Band Reject filter. Understand 3

UNIT IV
Long Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What is the functional block diagram of 555 timer and explain Apply 4
its operation.
2 What are the applications of 555 timer and explain any one application in Analyze 4
detail.
3 Explain the role of low pass filter and VCO in PLL Remember 4
4 How PLL is used for frequency multiplier? Explain. Remember 4
5 Explain the functioning of 555 in Monostable configuration Evaluate 4
6 Describe any four applications of Phase Locked Loop with the help Evaluate 4
of suitable circuit diagrams.
7 Discuss the application of 555 timer as missing pulse detector. Apply 4
8 Design a monostable multivibrator to produce a pulse width of Apply 4
100ms.
9 Discuss the application of 555 timer as a pulse width modulator. Remember 4
10 Design a 555 based square wave generator to produce a Remember 4
symmetrical square wave of 1KHz. If VCC=12V draw the
voltage across timing capacitor and the output.
11 Give the applications of Astable multivibrator. Understand 5
12 Derive the Lock range and capture range in PLL. Remember 5
12 Explain the PLL as a FM detector. Apply 5

Short Answer Questions:

Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. What are the basic building blocks of PLL? Remember 4
2. What are the basic differences between the two operating modes of the Understand 4
555 timer?
3. Mention the applications of the Schmitt trigger. Remember 4
4. What is the importance of Pin 5 of IC 555? Understand 4
5. List the applications of PLL. Understand 4
6. Define pull in time and lock range of PLL Understand 4
7. What are the features of 555 timers? Understand 4
8. Mention the blocks present in IC565. Remember 4
9. List various applications of IC 555 Timer. Remember 4
10. List the applications of Astable multivibrator. Understand 4

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 19
 UNIT V
Long Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Explain the working of a Weighted resistor D/A converter. Evaluate 5
2. Explain successive approximation A/D converter. Understand 5
3. Explain the working of a dual slope A/D converter. Remember 6
4. With neat diagram, explain the working principle of inverter R- Understand 6
2R ladderDAC.
5. Explain the working of a counter type A/D converter and state Understand 5
it’s important feature.
6. Write the specifications of DAC. Understand 5
7. Write the specifications of ADC. Analyze 6
8. With neat diagram, explain the working principle of R-2R Analyze 6
ladder type DAC.
9. Explain the operation of parallel comparator type ADC. Analyze 5
10. Design 4 bit weighted resistor DAC. Analyze 5
11. Draw the circuit diagram of Dual slope ADC and explain its Understand 6
working.
12. What is the role of DAC in successive approximation ADC? Understand 6
13. For the D/A converter using R-2R ladder network, determine the Understand 5
size of each step if Rf = 27KΩ and also calculate the output
voltage when the inputs b0, b1, b2 and b3 are at 5V
14. Describe Parallel Comparator type ADC operation. Analyze 5
15. Explain the working of Inverted R-2R ladder D/A converter. Analyze 6
16. Find out the Step size and Analog output when input is 0011 and Understand 6
1011. Assume Vref = +5V.
17. Explain Successive Approximation ADC with the help of block Understand 5
diagram
18. Discuss the operation of counter type ADC. Understand 5
19. Explain the operation of flash type ADC. Analyze 6
20. Explain the operation of weighted resistor DAC Analyze 6
21. Explain the working of weighted resistor D/A converter and state its Understand 5
features.
22. Find the resolution of a 12 bit D/A converter. Understand 5
23. Draw the IC 1408 DAC pin diagram and explain. Understand 6
Short Answer Questions:
Blooms Course
S. No Question Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. List the various A/D conversion techniques. Remember 8

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 20
2. List the draw backs of Binary weighted Resistor technique D/A Remember 8
conversion.
3. What is meant by resolution of DAC? Remember 8
4. What is the conversion time of counting type ADC and parallel Understand 8
comparator ADC?[
5. An 8 bit successive approximation type ADC is driven by a Understand 8
1MHz clock. Find the conversion time.
6. What are the different sources of errors in DAC? Understand 8
7. Explain how Dual-slope ADC provides noise rejection? Understand 8
8. Compare R-2R and Weight Resistor types of ADC. Understand 8
9. Calculate basic step of 9 bit DAC is 10.3 mV. If 000000000 Apply 8
represents 0V, what output produced if the input is 101101111?
10. What is the advantage of R-2R ladder D/A converter over the Understand
one with binary weighted resistors?
11. What are the different types of ADCs and compare them in terms Understand
of speed of operation
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-1
1. OPAMP is a/an: [ ]
(a) Differential amplifier (b) Oscillator (c) Rectifier (d) none of the above
2. OPAMP operates at: [ ]
a) High voltage (~ 100 KV) (b) Medium voltage (~ 220 Volt)
c) Low voltage (~ 12 Volt) (d) Very low voltage (~ 10 mili Volt)
3. Voltage gain of an ideal op-amp is: [ ]
(a) infinte (b) very high (c) low (d) very low
4. Bandwidth of an ideal op-amp is: [ ]
5. infinte (b) very high (c) low (d) very lowOutput impedance of an ideal op-
amp is: [ ]
(a) infinte (b) very high (c) low (d) zero
6. CMRR of an ideal op-amp is: [ ]
(a) infinte (b) very high (c) low (d) zero
7. Slew rate of an ideal op-amp is: [ ]
a) infinte (b) very high (c) low (d) zero
8. Op-amp is a: [ ]
a) Voltage-controlled voltage source (b) Voltage-controlled current source
c) Current-controlled voltage source (d) Current-controlled current source
9. Op-Amp uses: [ ]
a) Only +ve Voltage (b) Only –ve voltage (c) Dual supply, i.e., ± Vcc (d) None of
the above
10. Virtual ground of an op-amp means: [ ]
a) Terminal is grounded directly

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 21
 b) The terminal is not physically grounded but terminal voltage is zero due to the other
terminal is connected to the ground due to op-amp properties.
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
11. Op-Amp uses: [ ]
(a) Negative feedback (b) Positive feedback (c) No feedback (d) None of the above
12. Common-mode gain signifies: [ ]
a) The ability to reject the common mode signals like noise and interference
b) Increase the noise
c) Increase the distortion
d) All of the above
13. Slew rate is defined as the: [ ]
a) Maximum rate of change of output voltage with time
b) Minimum rate of change of output voltage with time
c) Moderate rate of change of output voltage with time
d) None of the above
14. Op-amp integrator uses: [ ]
a) Capacitor as feedback element
b) Resistor as feedback element
c) Inductor as feedback element
d) A simple wire as feedback element
1. An Op-amp has__________ number of inputs and _________ output.

2. Op-amp responds only to the _____________ between its input voltages.

3. Op-amp does not have __________________ terminal.
4. An ideal Op-amp has _____________ open loop gain.
5. The two basic configurations of Op-amp are ______________ and _______________
6. The voltage gain of an inverting amplifier is the ratio of ____________________
7. The voltage gain of a non-inverting amplifier is..: ____________________
8. The Ideal voltage transfer curve is a plot between ________________and
_________________
9. The gain of an Op-amp with ______________ is termed as closed loop gain.
10. The bandwidth of ideal operational amplifier is..: ____________________
11. An op-amp is so named because _____.
12. The value of AVOL and BW for an ideal op-amp are _____.
13. If Vi = 1V, AVCL = 100, V0 of op-amp with + Vcc = 10V and - Vcc = 10V, is _____.
14. The value of PSRR and CMRR for ideal op-amp are respectively _____.
15. The op-amp voltage follower circuit is also known as _____.
16. The temperature range in which 741C op-amp. is used is _____.
17. Offset adjustment in an op-amp is done with the pin numbers _____.
18. The maximum value of + Vcc and – Vcc that can be given to op-amp. are _____.

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 22
19. The expression for input offset voltage drift is _____.
20. If V0 = V sin (ωt), the expression for slew rate (SR) is _____.
UNIT-2
1. Inverting differential Amplifiers is also called as _______________
2. Output of summer is ________________
3. Differentiator can be constructed from ______________
4. In Voltage follower gain of Op-amp is ________________
5. Op-amp with diodes are called as ____________________
6. Output of Half-wave rectifier is________________________
7. Zero crossing detectors is also called as ______________________
8. When Op-amp is used as comparator ______________________
9. Advantages of instrumentation amplifier __________________
10. Integrator can be constructed from ______________
11. The advantage of using an op-amp for current or voltage measurement is ______.
12. An op-amp current to voltage converter is also called ______.
13. In the case of op-amp voltage reference sources, the regulation is ______.
14. The advantage of an op-amp half wave rectifier circuit is ______.
15. The logarithmic amplifiers, the element used in the feedback path of op-amp is
_________.
16. In analog multipliers, the important functional block is ______.
17. In logarithmic amplifiers, temperature compensation is ______.
18. An op-amp function generator circuit produces ______ type of waveforms.
19. The expression for frequency of oscillations in the case of an op-amp function generator
circuit with usual notation is ______.
20. An op-amp HWR circuit is also known as ______.
UNIT-3
1. In the case of active filters, voltage gain Av can be_____.
2. By using active filters, loading effect can be_____.
3. With higher order filters, the sharpness of the frequency response curve_____ .
4. An op-amp differentiator circuit can be used as a _____ filter.
5. An op-amp integrator circuit can be used as a _____ filter.
6. The transfer function represents a _____ filter.
7. The transfer function represents a _____ filter.
8. The transfer function of an all pass filter circuit is_____ .
9. The kink in the frequency response of an active filter circuit will be more if the value of
the damping coefficient K is_____ typical value is_____.
10. To obtain band reject filter, LPF and HPF must be connected in_____.
UNIT-4
1. The maximum output current IO that can be delivered from a 555 IC is _____.
2. The expression for T1 in the case of a 555 astable multivibrator is _____.

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 23
3. The expression for f, the frequency of oscillations in the case of 555 astable multi is
_____.
4. To get 50% duty cycle in a 555 circuit, if RA is made zero, then the difficulty with
discharge transistor is ____.
5. With 555 monostable circuit, if tp > 2T, _____ operation is obtained.
6. For a divide by two operation, the relation between tp and T is _____.
7. XR 2556 IC is _____
8. XR 210, CA3090, and MC1310B are _____ ICs.
9. The relation between lock range and capture range is _____.
10. Digital PLL employs _____ input _____ type logic gate as the phase comparator.
11. The expression for f0 in the case of PLL 565 IC is _____.
12. The frequency range over which a 565 PLL IC can be used is _____.
UNIT-5
1. What is the level of the output voltage of a ladder-network conversion? [ ]
a) The analog output voltage proportional to the digital input voltage
b) The digital output voltage proportional to the linear input voltage
c) A fixed digital value Vref
d) A fixed analog value Vref
2. Which of the following is not a linear/digital IC? [ ]
a) Phase-locked loop
b) Voltage-controlled oscillator
c) Passive filter
d) Comparator
3. What is the minimum number of conversions per second of a clock rate of 1 MHz
operating a 10-stage counter in an ADC? [ ]
(a)1000 (b) 976 (c) 769 (d) 697
4. What is the first phase of the dual-slope method of conversion? [ ]
a) Connecting the analog voltage to the integrator for a fixed time
b) Setting the counter to zero
c) Connecting the integrator to a reference voltage
d) All of the above
5. What is the maximum conversion time of a clock rate of 1 MHz operating a 10-stage
counter in an ADC? [ ]
(a) 1.024 s (b) 102.3 ms (c) 10.24 ms (d) 1.024 ms
6. On which of the following does the conversion depend in ladder-network conversion?
[ ]
a) Comparator (b) Control logic (c) Digital counter (d) Clock
7. What is the function of a ladder network?
a) Changing an analog signal to a digital signal
b) Changing a linear signal to a digital signal
c) Changing a digital signal to an analog signal

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 24
 d) None of the above
8. Which of the slope intervals of the integrator does the counter in the analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) operate? [ ]
a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Both positive and negative (d) Neither
positive nor negative
9. At which of the following period(s) is the counter advanced (incremented) in dual-slope
conversion? [ ]
a) During the charging of the capacitor of the integrator
b) During the discharging of the capacitor of the integrator
c) During both the charging and discharging of the capacitor of the integrator
d) None of the above
10. What is (are) the input(s) to the comparator in the ladder-network conversion of an ADC?
[ ]
a) Staircase voltage b) Analog input voltage c) Both staircase and analog input voltage
b) None of the above
1. The disadvantage of a weighted resistor network type DAC is _____ .
2. The disadvantage of an R–2R ladder network type DAC is _____ .
3. To account for variations in logic levels, DACs employ _____ .
4. For an n-bit DAC, the expression for resolution is _____ .
5. The range of settling time for a 12-bit DAC is_____ .
6. The slew rate in DACs is defined as _____ .
7. Between counter ramp type and successive approximation type ADCs, the one having
lesser conversion time for a given input is_____ .
8. The major advantage of a dual slope integrating type ADC is _____ .
9. The voltage resolution of an 8-stage ladder network _______________.
10. The number of comparators required in the case of a simultaneous conversion type ADC
for n-bit conversion is _____.
XII. GATE QUESTIONS:
XIII. WEBSITES:
1. https://technicalpublications.org/index.php/ebooks/linear-and-digital-ic-
applications.html
2. http://www.slideshare.net/guest3f9c6b/linear-and-digital-ic-applications-jntu-model-
paperwwwstudentyogicom
3. http://www.linear.com/
4. http://ecmsnist.weebly.com/linear--digital-ic-applications-ldic.html
5. http://unowyteyifinoh.j.pl/linear-digital-integrated-circuits-pdf.html
XIV. EXPERT DETAILS:
1. Sai Pavan Sudha Manager – Ami Tech India Pvt. Ltd.
2. P. Raghu Sr. Hardware Engineer – Ami Tech India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Pratap Reddy Prof. JNTUH
4. Dr. E. Venkat Reddy Prof. BIET
XV. JOURNALS:
INTERNATIONAL

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 25
1. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJECE)
2. International Journal of Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields (IJENDF)
3. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER)
4. International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research (IJEER)
5. International Journal of Microcircuits and Electronics(IJME)
NATIONAL
1. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
2. IETE Journal of Research
3. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Application
4. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing
5. Journal of Supercomputing
XVI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS
1. IC, their types with pin diagram descriptions
2. Recent development in Ic and the future scope
3. Instrumentation amplifiers principle, types and principle
4. Oscillators principle and types
5. Filters principle and types
6. Timer 555 IC
7. D & T FF's & their conversion
8. Shift registers & applications
9. Different types of ADC
10. IC Interfacing-TTL driving of CMOS
XVII. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:
(a) Designing of HALF ADDER using ICs
(b) Designing of FULL ADDER using ICs
(c) Designing of MULTIPLEXER using ICs
(d) Designing of BINARY COUNTER using ICs

II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 26
II Yr-ECE – II Sem. 27