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GIT Part 1

The document outlines high-yield clinical presentations related to gastrointestinal conditions, including congenital anomalies like gastroschisis and omphalocele, as well as various esophageal disorders such as achalasia and esophageal cancer. It provides key associations, symptoms, and diagnostic indicators for each condition. The information is structured to aid medical students in their exam preparation.

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190004
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2 views16 pages

GIT Part 1

The document outlines high-yield clinical presentations related to gastrointestinal conditions, including congenital anomalies like gastroschisis and omphalocele, as well as various esophageal disorders such as achalasia and esophageal cancer. It provides key associations, symptoms, and diagnostic indicators for each condition. The information is structured to aid medical students in their exam preparation.

Uploaded by

190004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEP 1 REVIEW

GASTROINTESTINAL
High-Yield Clinical Presentations

Part 1
- Expulsion of gastric content
-
-
High AFP
Not covered by peritoneum
Gastroschisis

- Expulsion of gastric
content Omphalocele
- Covered with peritoneum

- Abdominal content
protrude through
umbilical ring Umbilical hernia
- Association with Trisomy
21 and Hypothyroidism
- Holoprosencephaly
- Cleft palate Trisomy 13 (Patau
- Abdominal content protruding
covered by peritoneum
syndrome

- Enlarged tongue
-
-
R leg bigger than L leg
Mass in the flank
Beckwith-wiedemann
- Abdominal content protruding syndrome
covered by peritoneum
- Newborn with coughing,
drooling, choking with
first feed
- Nasogastric tube Esophageal atresia/TEF
encounters resistance
- Polyhydramnios in utero

- Bilious emesis
- Double bubble sign on
CXR Duodenal atresia
- Associated with Down
syndrome

- Bilious emesis
- Triple bubble sign on CXR Jejunal atresia
- Cocaine use
- Nonbilious projectile

Pyloric stenosis
vomiting
- Olive shaped mass in
abdomen

- Newborn with respiratory


distress

Diaphragmatic hernia
- Absent breath sounds
unilaterally
- Heart sounds heard
louder on the right side
- Infant
- Failure of processus
vaginalis to close Indirect Inguinal Hernia
- Lateral to inferior
epigastric vessels

- Elder male
- Weakness of transversalis
fascia
Direct inguinal hernia
- Medial to inferior
epigastric vessels

- Female
- Below inguinal ligament Femoral hernia
- Causes salivary gland

-
swelling and pain
Alcoholic, bulimia,
Sialolithiasis
Sjogren syndrome

- Dysphagia to solids and

Achalasia
liquids
- “Bird beak” appearance
on CXR
Candida Esophagitis
- Esophagitis in AIDs pt
- White pseudomembrane

-
-
Esophagitis in AIDs pt
Punched out ulcers
HSV Esophagitis

CMV Esophagitis
- Esophagitis in AIDs pt
- Large linear ulcers
- High BMI
- Night time cough GERD
- Epigastric burning

- Symmetric narrowing of
the esophagus
- Dysphagia to solids after Esophageal stricture
drinking toxic chemical

- Dysphagia
- Young pt with PMH of Eosinophilic esophagitis
asthma and eczema
- Elder pt with bad breath
- Regurgitates food Zenker Diverticulum
- Progressive dysphagia

- Infant
- Blood in the stool
- No abdominal pain
- Technetium-99m scan Meckel Diverticulum
shows ectopic gastric
mucosa
- Acid reflux
-
-
Finger pain in the cold
Telangiectasias on the CREST (Scleroderma)
skin

- Dysphagia
Plummer-vinson
- Low Hb/Hct
- Low MCV syndrome
(dysphagia, iron deficiency, esophageal webs)

- Epigastric burning
- Deep ulceration in the
Pill induced
esophagus
- Potassium Chloride or esophagitis
Bisphosphonate use
Mallory-weiss
- Alcoholic, Bulimia
- Hematemesis
- Linear tear syndrome

- Alcoholic, Bulimia
- Hematemesis Esophageal perforation
- Severe Chest pain
(Boerhaave syndrome)
- Crepitus on palpation

- Hematemesis
- Bright red blood in stool Esophageal varices
- Alcohol use
- Progressive dysphagia
- Weight loss Adenocarcinoma
- PMH of GERD

- Progressive dysphagia
- Weight loss Squamous cell carcinoma
- Smoker, alcoholic

- Substernal chest pain


- Dysphagia during episode Esophageal spasm
- Negative ECG
Autoimmune gastritis
- Pain worse with eating
- Low Hb, high MCV
- Hx of T1DM and
Hashimoto
(Pernicious Anemia)

- Epigastric pain
- Worse with food Gastric ulcer
- NSAIDs use or H.pylori

Duodenal ulcer
- Epigastric pain
- Better with food
- Epigastric pain
- Guarding, rigidity Perforated peptic
- Bloody stool
ulcer
- Air under the diaphragm

Gastrinoma
- Multiple ulcers
- Mass in the pancreas

- Early satiety
- Weight loss

Gastric cancer
- Enlarged supraclavicular
lymph node
- East Asian descent (South
Korean/Chinese)
THANK YOU!
Questions?
[email protected]
More STEP Resources: medstudentsuccess.com

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