C Programming Notes
1. Introduction to C Programming
- Basics of C: C is a general-purpose programming language developed in 1972.
- Structure of a C program: Every C program includes functions and statements.
- Data types and variables: C supports several data types like int, float, char, etc.
2. Control Structures
- Conditional statements: if, switch (used for decision making).
- Loops: for, while, and do-while (used for repeated execution).
3. Functions
- Function declaration and definition: Functions in C allow code reuse.
- Recursion: A function calling itself to solve a problem.
4. Arrays and Strings
- 1D and 2D arrays: Arrays are used to store multiple elements of the same type.
- String handling functions: Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), etc. to manipulate strings.
5. Pointers
- Introduction to pointers: Pointers hold the address of another variable.
- Pointers and arrays: Arrays are closely related to pointers in C.
6. Structures and Unions
- Defining structures: Structures allow grouping of different data types.
- Using structures and unions: Structures store multiple members, while unions store one member
at a time.
7. File Handling
- Reading from and writing to files: fopen(), fclose(), fscanf(), fprintf(), etc.
8. Advanced Topics
- Dynamic memory allocation: malloc(), calloc(), realloc() to allocate memory at runtime.
- Memory management: free() function to release allocated memory.
