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300+ Power BI Developer/ Data Analyst Interview Questions!

Deloitte | Consultant (Power BI) | Experience (2+ yr) | Round 1

1. How many active relationships are allowed in data modeling within Power BI?
2. What is a composite model in Power BI?
3. What are fact and dimension tables in data modeling?
4. What are the implications of using many-to-many relationships in data modeling?
5. What is the difference between cardinality and relationship in Power BI?
6. What is a bookmark in Power BI, and how is it used?
7. What is a custom tooltip in Power BI?
8. Explain the following DAX functions:
TOTALQTD, TOTALYTD, DATESINPERIOD, DATEADD, SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR, TREATAS
9. What is the role of a slicer in Power BI?
10. Using the Power BI sample dataset, write DAX measures to calculate the percentage of Gross Sales
for Canada.
11. What is Top N Filters in Power BI?
12. Difference between COUNT() and COUNTA()?

Top 20 Commonly Asked Power BI Interview Questions

1. What was your data source?

2. What time schedule refresh happens?
3. Important KPIs used in the project?
4. Which projects domain you worked on?
5. Duration of Project?
6. Team size in the project?
7. Volume of data?
8. Schema used in the project?
9. No. of Tables in Modelling?
10. As a Power BI Developer what was your Roles and Responsibilities?
11. Which Licenses you had in BI Service?
12. How many reports created in a Year?
13. How Handled Performance Optimization of PBIX File?
14. Most Difficult Scenario of Project?
15. Learning from projects?
16. What challenges you have faced while doing a project?
17. What strategies did you use to reduce the size of a PBIX file?
18. How did you coordinate with other team members, such as data engineers or business analysts?
19. Explain the use of Incremental Refresh and Schedule Refresh in your projects?
20. How did you manage security using Row-Level Security (RLS)?
Tiger Analytics | Experience: 5 years | Round 1 | DWH and SQL

1. Could you briefly introduce yourself and your professional background?

2. Can you explain the difference between a Data Warehouse and a Data Mart?
3. Which databases have you worked with over your 5 years of experience?
4. What are the different types of systems found in a Data Warehouse?
5. Could you provide a query to identify duplicate records in a table?
6. Write a query to retrieve products with the same name but different prices.
7. Write a query that returns the second-highest salary from an "employees" table.
8. Can you write a query to pivot data from rows to columns, showing the total sales for each product
category by month?
9. Write a query to calculate the difference in days between the order date and the ship date for each
order
10. Write a query to find the department with the highest average salary for employees who have been
with the company for more than 2 years.
11. What is Data Profiling and explain it in detail.

Power BI Interview Questions that have been asked Repetitively in interviews -

1. What techniques can be used to reduce the file size of a Power BI report?
2. Describe the different layers involved in Power BI architecture.
3. How do you implement data lineage in Power BI?
4.What is the role of the M language in Power BI?
5. How do you create a gauge chart in Power BI?
6. What is the difference between a heat map and a filled map in Power BI?
7. Explain the concept of data masking in Power BI and its use cases.
8. What is the function of the "Append Queries" feature in Power BI, and how is it used?
9. How can you ensure that Power BI recognizes a specific column as a date column if it doesn't do so
automatically?
10.Describe the process Power BI uses to handle large datasets exceeding the in-memory capacity.
11 Can you explain the role of the Power BI service in the overall Power BI architecture?
12. What are the key components of data modeling in Power BI?
13. What is the purpose of the VertiPaq engine in Power BI?
14. How do you create a stacked area chart in Power BI?
15. What is the difference between a clustered bar chart and a stacked bar chart?
16.Explain the concept of role-based access control (RBAC) in Power BI.
17. What is a calculated column in Power BI, and how is it different from a measure?
18. How can you create and apply a custom data category in Power BI?
19. What are the different methods to optimize data load performance in Power BI?
20. Can you outline the Power BI ecosystem and its major components?
21. What is the difference between a dataflow and a dataset in Power BI?
22. How does the DirectQuery mode work in Power BI, and when would you use it?
23. How do you create a waterfall chart in Power BI?
24. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a scatter plot in Power BI?
25. Explain the concept of incremental refresh in Power BI.
26. What is the purpose of the "Group By" feature in Power BI, and how is it used?
27. How can you handle time zone conversions in Power BI?

TCS Power BI Interview Questions

1. What is Power BI, and how does it differ from other BI tools?
2. Explain the components of Power BI.
3. What is the role of Power Query in Power BI?
4. How does DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) enhance Power BI functionality? Can you give examples
of DAX functions?
5. What is the difference between calculated columns and measures in Power BI?
6. How can you handle relationships in Power BI?
7. Explain the process of data transformation and cleaning in Power BI.
8. What is the importance of the Power BI Gateway?
9. How do you handle row-level security in Power BI?
10. What are the different types of visualizations available in Power BI? Can you explain when to use
each type?
11. How can you schedule data refresh in Power BI?
12. What is the purpose of the Power BI service, and how does it differ from Power BI Desktop?
13. Explain the concept of drill-through in Power BI.
14. How can you share reports and dashboards in Power BI?
15. What are the considerations for optimizing Power BI reports for performance?
16. How does Power BI integrate with Azure services?
17. Can you explain the difference between Power BI Pro and Power BI Premium?
18. What is the Common Data Model (CDM) and how does it relate to Power BI?
19. How do you handle large datasets in Power BI?
20. Can you give an example of a complex problem you solved using Power BI in a real-world scenario?

Basic SQL Questions

1. What is SQL, and what is its purpose?

2. Write a SQL query to retrieve all records from a table.
3. How do you select specific columns from a table?
4. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?
5. How do you sort data in ascending/descending order?

SQL Query Questions

1. Write a SQL query to retrieve the top 10 records from a table based on a specific column.
2. How do you join two tables based on a common column?
3. Write a SQL query to retrieve data from multiple tables using subqueries.
4. How do you use aggregate functions (SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN)?
5. Write a SQL query to retrieve data from a table for a specific date range.
SQL Optimization Questions

1. How do you optimize SQL query performance?

2. What is indexing, and how does it improve query performance?
3. How do you avoid full table scans?
4. What is query caching, and how does it work?
5. How do you optimize SQL queries for large datasets?

SQL Joins and Subqueries

1. Explain the difference between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN.
2. Write a SQL query to retrieve data from two tables using a subquery.
3. How do you use EXISTS and IN operators in SQL?
4. Write a SQL query to retrieve data from multiple tables using a self-join.
5. Explain the concept of correlated subqueries.

SQL Data Modeling

1. Explain the concept of normalization and denormalization.

2. How do you design a database schema for a given application?
3. What is data redundancy, and how do you avoid it?
4. Explain the concept of primary and foreign keys.
5. How do you handle data inconsistencies and anomalies?

SQL Advanced Questions

1. Explain the concept of window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, etc.).

2. Write a SQL query to retrieve data using Common Table Expressions (CTEs).
3. How do you use dynamic SQL?
4. Explain the concept of stored procedures and functions.
5. Write a SQL query to retrieve data using pivot tables.

SQL Scenario-Based Questions

1. You have two tables, Orders and Customers. Write a SQL query to retrieve all orders for customers
from a specific region.
2. You have a table with duplicate records. Write a SQL query to remove duplicates.
3. You have a table with missing values. Write a SQL query to replace missing values with a default value.
4. You have a table with data in an incorrect format. Write a SQL query to correct the format.
5. You have two tables with different data types for a common column. Write a SQL query to join the
tables.

SQL Behavioral Questions

1. Can you explain a time when you optimized a slow-running SQL query?
2. How do you handle database errors and exceptions?
3. Can you describe a complex SQL query you wrote and why?
4. How do you stay up-to-date with new SQL features and best practices?
5. Can you walk me through your process for troubleshooting SQL issues?

Power BI Developer Questions Asked Scatterpie Analytics 1st Round

Power BI Developer Questions Asked #ScatterPie Analytics 1st Round

1. Walk me through your profile

2. How many dashboards you developed so far?

3. Tell me the process of project development how did you data coming from and how did you reading the data
and you you getting the requirement and KPIS and all?

4. What is your role in that workspace?

5. What is Row Level Security give me the examples when we use static and dynamic RLS?

6. Suppose i have one user and he has member role in my workspace and i have applied RLS so will RLS work
for this particular person or not?

7. Why do we need master calendar while developing a reports and why we use date master calendar table
with dimensions only why not for Fact table?

8. I have created two column one column and measure, I have sales data where in i have two column category
and sales, now i am created a measure where measure = sum (sales) and also i have added one column
where column name = sum (sales) and now i am dragging and dropping this two perticular measure and
column in my table visual I have category as well as sale in my table visual apart from i have drag measure
and column also what do you think what will be the output of this measure as well as calculated column?

8. and in same table I want to create a measure where in i want to show the data of only category i have A,B,C
and D. I just want to show the sales of category A only tell me the DAX formula that?

9. And after that i have added city column also in the table how is the output showing tell me

10. Difference between Measure and Calculated Column?

11. Difference between Having and Where Clause?

12. Do you have any questions?

Power BI Interview Questions: part II

1. What are the benefits of using Power BI Gateway for data refresh?
2. How can you schedule report refreshes in Power BI Service?
3. Explain the concept of drill-through and drill-down functionalities in Power BI.
3. What are bookmarks in Power BI, and how can they be used for storytelling?
4. Describe the different export options available for Power BI reports and dashboards.
5. What are workspaces in Power BI Service, and how do they facilitate collaboration?
6. Explain the concept of paginated reports and how they differ from interactive reports in Power BI.
7. How can you connect to real-time data sources using Power BI?
8. Briefly describe mobile BI and how Power BI reports can be accessed on mobile devices.
9. What are iterators in DAX, and how can they be used in calculations?
10. Explain the difference between the VAR and CALCULATE functions in DAX.
11. How can you handle date and time calculations using DAX formulas?
12. Describe techniques for creating conditional formatting rules based on DAX expressions.
13. Explain how to implement logical operators (AND, OR) in DAX formulas.
14. What are filtering techniques like ALLSELECTED and EXCEPT in DAX?
15. Briefly describe the SUMX and AVERAGEX functions in DAX.
16. How can you use DAX to create custom hierarchies for drill-down functionalities?
17. Explain the concept of bi-directional filtering in Power BI and how it's achieved.
18. Describe best practices for writing efficient and maintainable DAX formulas.

𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚/𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 (MNC):

🔹 What is the Power BI Gateway, and when should it be used?

🔹 Describe the steps to publish a report from Power BI Desktop to Power BI Service.
🔹 How can data refresh be scheduled in Power BI Service?
🔹 What are the key differences between DirectQuery and Import data connectivity modes in Power BI?
🔹 How do you approach data modeling in Power BI?
🔹 Explain the star schema and snowflake schema concepts in Power BI.
🔹 What types of visuals are available in Power BI, and how do you determine the best visualization for
your data?
🔹 How do you create custom visuals in Power BI?
🔹 Describe the role of drillthrough and drilldown in Power BI reports.
🔹 What is the Q&A feature in Power BI, and how is it used?
🔹 How can Power BI reports be shared with users who do not have Power BI licenses?
🔹 What is the function of the Power BI REST API?
🔹 How are bookmarks used in Power BI reports?
🔹 What strategies can be employed to optimize Power BI report performance?
🔹 Provide an example of handling large datasets in Power BI and the performance optimization
techniques used.
🔹 How does Power BI integrate with other Microsoft products like Excel and SharePoint?
🔹 What are slicers in Power BI, and how do they enhance user interactivity?
🔹 How would you create a measure that calculates year-to-date sales in Power BI?
🔹 What are DAX functions, and how are they utilized in Power BI?
🔹 How do you create a calculated column in Power BI?
🔹 What is a measure in Power BI, and how is it different from a calculated column?
🔹 Explain the concept of relationships in Power BI and the process of creating them.
🔹 How is the Filter Pane used in Power BI?
🔹 What is the purpose of Power BI Service App Workspaces, and how are they utilized?
🔹 How is row-level security (RLS) implemented in Power BI?
🔹 What is the difference between a Power BI Dashboard and a Power BI Report?
🔹 What are some best practices for designing a Power BI Dashboard?
🔹 How can Power BI connect to a SQL Server database?
🔹 What is the role of dataflows in Power BI?
🔹 How are parameters used in Power BI, and what are their benefits?
Power Bi Developer Interview questions for 2-4 years of experience. #TCS #Infosys #Barclays
#HCL

1. What domain have you worked on in your previous role?

2. Can you describe your most recent project and your contributions to it?
3. How can data be imported into Power BI, and what factors determine the choice of method?
4. What is the difference between calculated columns and measures in Power BI, and how do they
enhance dashboard creation?
5. What techniques do you use to optimize the performance of your Power BI reports?
6. How many types of relationships can be established in Power BI data models, and what are they?
7. What types of filters have you applied in your reports, and how do they impact data analysis?
8. How do you import multiple sheets from an Excel file into Power BI?
9. What security features are available in Power BI Service, and how do they protect data?
10. What is the difference between buttons and shapes in Power BI, and when are they used?
11. Can you share challenges you faced while working on Power BI projects and how you overcame
them?
12. What are the use cases for funnel charts and tree maps in Power BI?
13. How do you choose between duplicating and referencing in Power Query?
14. What visuals have you used in your projects, and how did you select them?
15. Can you explain filled formatting and provide a scenario where it's applied?
16. What is the difference between stacked, clustered, and 100% stacked charts, and when are they
used?
17. Can you explain measures and text functions you've used in your projects?
18. How do you differentiate between replace and substitute functions in Power BI?
19. Can you describe modifier filter functions and their applications?
20. What is Row-Level Security (RLS), and how is it implemented in Power BI?
21. Can you explain the RankX function and its usage in columns or measures?
22. How do you determine sales from the current date to the end of the month?
23. How many dashboards have you created in Power BI Desktop, and what visuals do you use for sales
filtering?
24. What Power BI licenses have you worked with, and have you experience with paginated reports?
25. How do you troubleshoot performance issues in Power BI reports?
26. What types of filters are available in Power BI, and how do they impact data analysis?
27. Can you explain bookmarks and their use cases in Power BI?
28. How do you manage large datasets in Power BI?
29. What is incremental data refresh, and how is it implemented in Power BI?
30. Can you describe your experience with Power BI and your approach to creating effective reports?

Most asked SQL Interview Questions 💯

1.) Explain order of execution of SQL.

2.) What is difference between where and having?

3.) What is the use of group by?

4.) Explain all types of joins in SQL?

5.) What are triggers in SQL?

6.) What is stored procedure in SQL

7.) Explain all types of window functions?

(Mainly rank, row_num, dense_rank, lead & lag)

8.) What is difference between Delete and Truncate?

9.) What is difference between DML, DDL and DCL?

10.) What are aggregate function and when do we use them? explain with few example.

11.) Which is faster between CTE and Subquery?

12.) What are constraints and types of Constraints?

13.) Types of Keys?

14.) Different types of Operators ?

15.) Difference between Group By and Where?

16.) What are Views?

17.) What are different types of constraints?

18.) What is difference between varchar and nvarchar?

19.) Similar for char and nchar?

20.) What are index and their types?

21.) What is an index? Explain its different types.

22.) List the different types of relationships in SQL.

23.) Differentiate between UNION and UNION ALL.

24.) How many types of clauses in SQL?

25.) What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL in SQL?

26.) What are the various types of relationships in SQL?

27.) Difference between Primary Key and Secondary Key?

28.) What is the difference between where and having?

29.) Find the second highest salary of an employee?

30.) Write retention query in SQL?

31.) Write year-on-year growth in SQL?

32.) Write a query for cumulative sum in SQL?

33.) Difference between Function and Store procedure ?

34.) Do we use variable in views?

35.) What are the limitations of views?

20 medium-level SQL interview questions:

1. Write a SQL query to find the second-highest salary.

2. How would you optimize a slow SQL query?

3. What is the difference between INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN?

4. Write a SQL query to find the top 3 departments with the highest average salary.

5. How do you handle duplicate rows in a SQL query?

6. Write a SQL query to find the employees who have the same name and work in the same department.

7. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?

8. Write a SQL query to find the departments with no employees.

9. How do you use indexing to improve SQL query performance?

10. Write a SQL query to find the employees who have worked for more than 5 years.

11. What is the difference between SUBQUERY and JOIN?

12. Write a SQL query to find the top 2 products with the highest sales.

13. How do you use stored procedures to improve SQL query performance?
14. Write a SQL query to find the customers who have placed an order but have not made a payment.

15. What is the difference between GROUP BY and HAVING?

16. Write a SQL query to find the employees who work in the same department as their manager.

17. How do you use window functions to solve complex queries?

18. Write a SQL query to find the top 3 products with the highest average price.

19. What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE?

20. Write a SQL query to find the employees who have not taken any leave in the last 6 months.

Power BI Interview Questions for Associate or Senior Role

➡️Can you tell me about your experience with Power BI? How long have you been working with it, and what kinds
of projects have you completed?

➡️How do you ensure data accuracy and integrity in your Power BI reports and dashboards?

➡️Can you describe a challenging project you worked on with Power BI and how you overcame the difficulties?

➡️How do you stay updated with the latest features and updates in Power BI?

➡️What is the difference between Power BI Desktop and Power BI Service?

➡️What are some best practices you follow?

➡️How do you handle large datasets in Power BI to ensure optimal performance?

➡️Can you explain the difference between calculated columns and measures in DAX? Provide an example of when
you would use each.

➡️Describe how you would use Power Query to transform data before loading it into Power BI.

➡️What are some common DAX functions you use, and can you provide examples of how you've used them in your
reports?

➡️How do you implement row-level security in Power BI?

➡️What are some ways you can optimize the performance of a Power BI report?

➡️Describe a scenario where you had to integrate Power BI with other data sources. How did you manage the
integration?

➡️How do you handle user requirements and feedback during the development of a Power BI solution?

5+ years of relevant experience

Proven experience in Power BI Desktop, Power BI Service, and Power BI Mobile.

Good hands-on knowledge in creating complex data models using Power Query and DAX (i.e Data Analysis
Expressions).
Ability to design and develop reports and dashboards.
Strong experience in Data modelling techniques, cardinality etc...
Proficiency in writing complex DAX formulas for calculations, aggregations, and custom measures.
Experience with time intelligence functions in DAX.
Ability to transform and clean data using Power Query.
Knowledge of best practices for data visualization.
Ability to optimize Power BI reports for performance, including minimizing data refresh times and improving
report responsiveness.
Understanding of Power BI security features and implementation of role-based security.
Knowledge of row-level security (RLS) in Power BI.
Experience in automating routine tasks using Power BI PowerShell and other scripting languages.
Integration with other Microsoft products and services, such as Azure services, Excel, SharePoint, etc.
Familiarity with version control systems for managing Power BI assets.
Strong problem-solving skills and the ability to troubleshoot issues related to data, reports, and dashboards.
Ability to create comprehensive documentation for data models, reports, and dashboards.
Willingness and ability to stay updated on the latest Power BI features and best practices.