Question ID 82cb7dda 3.

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 82cb7dda
The field of study called affective neuroscience seeks instinctive, physiological causes for feelings such as
pleasure or displeasure. Because these sensations are linked to a chemical component (for example, the release
of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain when one receives or expects a reward), they can be said to have a
partly physiological basis. These processes have been described in mammals, but Jingnan Huang and his
colleagues have recently observed that some behaviors of honeybees (such as foraging) are also motivated by a
dopamine-based signaling process. cue reward --> mamal -->also bees

What choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

A. It describes an experimental method of measuring the strength of physiological responses in humans.
B. It illustrates processes by which certain insects can express how they are feeling.
C. It summarizes a finding suggesting that some mechanisms in the brains of certain insects resemble
mechanisms in mammalian brains.
D. It presents research showing that certain insects and mammals behave similarly when there is a possibility of a
reward for their actions.
Question ID d4732483 3.2

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: d4732483
Studying late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts from an agricultural and domestic site in Texas,
archaeologist Ayana O. Flewellen found that Black women employed as farm workers utilized hook-and-eye
closures to fasten their clothes at the waist, giving themselves a silhouette similar to the one that was popular in
contemporary fashion and typically achieved through more restrictive garments such as corsets. Flewellen argues
that this sartorial practice shows that these women balanced hegemonic ideals of femininity with the
requirements of their physically demanding occupation.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
black woman fashion --> versatile in their life

A. To describe an unexpected discovery that altered a researcher’s view of how rapidly fashions among Black
female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas changed during the period
B. To discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early
twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional gender ideals
C. To evaluate a scholarly work that offers explanations for the impact of urban fashion ideals on Black female
farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
D. To summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among Black female
farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
Question ID b0f7541b 3.3

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: b0f7541b
The following text is adapted from Herman Melville’s 1857 novel The Confidence-Man. Humphry Davy was a
prominent British chemist and inventor.
Years ago, a grave American savant, being in London, observed at an evening party there, a certain
coxcombical fellow, as he thought, an absurd ribbon in his lapel, and full of smart [banter], whisking about to
the admiration of as many as were disposed to admire. Great was the savant’s disdain; but, chancing ere
long to find himself in a corner with the jackanapes, got into conversation with him, when he was somewhat
ill-prepared for the good sense of the jackanapes, but was altogether thrown aback, upon subsequently
being [informed that he was] no less a personage than Sir Humphry Davy.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. It portrays the thoughts of a character who is embarrassed about his own behavior.
B. It presents an account of a misunderstanding.
C. It offers a short history of how a person came to be famous.
D. It explains why one character dislikes another.
Question ID c61a7c4a 3.4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: c61a7c4a
Some studies have suggested that posture can influence cognition, but we should not overstate this
phenomenon. A case in point: In a 2014 study, Megan O’Brien and Alaa Ahmed had subjects stand or sit while
making risky simulated economic decisions. Standing is more physically unstable and cognitively demanding than
sitting; accordingly, O’Brien and Ahmed hypothesized that standing subjects would display more risk aversion
during the decision-making tasks than sitting subjects did, since they would want to avoid further feelings of
discomfort and complicated risk evaluations. But O’Brien and Ahmed actually found no difference in the groups’
performance.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. It argues that research findings about the effects of posture on cognition are often misunderstood, as in the
case of O’Brien and Ahmed’s study.
B. It presents the study by O’Brien and Ahmed to critique the methods and results reported in previous studies of
the effects of posture on cognition.
C. It explains a significant problem in the emerging understanding of posture’s effects on cognition and how
O’Brien and Ahmed tried to solve that problem.
D. It discusses the study by O’Brien and Ahmed to illustrate why caution is needed when making claims about the
effects of posture on cognition.
Question ID aa5897b8 3.5

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: aa5897b8
In Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park, an almost imperceptible smile from potential suitor Henry Crawford causes
the protagonist Fanny Price to blush; her embarrassment grows when she suspects that he is aware of it. This
moment—in which Fanny not only infers Henry’s mental state through his gestures, but also infers that he is
drawing inferences about her mental state—illustrates what literary scholar George Butte calls “deep
intersubjectivity,” a technique for representing interactions between consciousnesses through which Austen’s
novels derive much of their social and psychological drama.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A. It states a claim about Austen’s skill at representing psychological complexity that is reinforced by an example
presented in the following sentence.
B. It advances an interpretation of an Austen protagonist who is contrasted with protagonists from other Austen
novels cited in the following sentence.
C. It describes a recurring theme in Austen’s novels that is the focus of a literary scholar’s analysis summarized in
the following sentence.
D. It provides a synopsis of an interaction in an Austen novel that illustrates a literary concept discussed in the
following sentence.
Question ID b4887dae 3.6

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: b4887dae
Mathematician Claude Shannon is widely regarded as a foundational figure in information theory. His most
important paper, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” published in 1948 when he was employed at Bell
Labs, utilized a concept called a “binary digit” (shortened to “bit”) to measure the amount of information in any
signal and determine the fastest rate at which information could be transmitted while still being reliably
decipherable. Robert Gallagher, one of Shannon’s colleagues, said that the bit was “[Shannon’s] discovery, and
from it the whole communications revolution has sprung.”
claude create innovation --> extend to answer that innovation
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. It presents a theoretical concept, illustrates how the name of the concept has changed, and shows how the
name has entered common usage.
B. It introduces a respected researcher, describes an aspect of his work, and suggests why the work is
historically significant.
C. It names the company where an important mathematician worked, details the mathematician’s career at the
company, and provides an example of the recognition he received there.
D. It mentions a paper, offers a summary of the paper’s findings, and presents a researcher’s commentary on the
paper.
Question ID 34d7bb25 3.7

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 34d7bb25 eurocentric --> little relavance to indian --> another approach --> apprpriate or cultrue
--> indian village
According to Indian economist and sociologist Radhakamal Mukerjee (1889–1968), the Eurocentric concepts that
informed early twentieth-century social scientific methods—for example, the idea that all social relations are
reducible to struggles between individuals—had little relevance for India. Making the social sciences more
responsive to Indians’ needs, Mukerjee argued, required constructing analytical categories informed by India’s
cultural and ecological circumstances. Mukerjee thus proposed the communalist “Indian village” as the ideal
model on which to base Indian economic and social policy.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. The text recounts Mukerjee’s early training in the social scientific disciplines and then lists social policies
whose implementation Mukerjee oversaw.
B. The text mentions some of Mukerjee’s economic theories and then traces their impact on other Indian social
scientists of the twentieth century.
C. The text presents Mukerjee’s critique of the social sciences and then provides an example of his attempts to
address issues he identified in his critique.
D. The text explains an influential economic theory and then demonstrates how that theory was more important
to Mukerjee’s work than other social scientists have acknowledged.
Question ID 4eee64fa 3.8

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 4eee64fa
Space scientists Anna-Lisa Paul, Stephen M. Elardo, and Robert Ferl planted seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana in
samples of lunar regolith—the surface material of the Moon—and, serving as a control group, in terrestrial soil.
They found that while all the seeds germinated, the roots of the regolith-grown plants were stunted compared
with those in the control group. Moreover, unlike the plants in the control group, the regolith-grown plants
exhibited red pigmentation, reduced leaf size, and inhibited growth rates—indicators of stress that were
corroborated by postharvest molecular analysis. drawback when planting on moon material
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. It describes an experiment that addressed an unresolved question about the extent to which lunar regolith
resembles terrestrial soils.
B. It compares two distinct methods of assessing indicators of stress in plants grown in a simulated lunar
environment.
C. It presents evidence in support of the hypothesis that seed germination in lunar habitats is an unattainable
goal.
D. It discusses the findings of a study that evaluated the effects of exposing a plant species to lunar soil
conditions.
Question ID a70cbc53 3.9

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: a70cbc53
Raymond Antrobus, an accomplished poet and writer of prose, recently released his debut spoken word poetry
album, The First Time I Wore Hearing Aids, in collaboration with producer Ian Brennan. The album contains both
autobiographical and reflective pieces combining Antrobus’s spoken words with Brennan’s fragmented audio
elements and pieces of music to convey how people who are deaf may experience sound, both its presence and
absence. Some critics suggest that the album questions the function of sound in the world, highlighting that the
experience of sound is multifaceted. album of a famouns --> distinct audio --> question the function of sound
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. It introduces a collaborative spoken word poetry project, details the approach taken to produce the work, and
then provides an example of critique the album received upon release.
B. It mentions a collection of spoken word poems, distinguishes one poem as being an exemplar on the album,
and then offers a summary of the subject matter of the whole collection.
C. It summarizes the efforts to produce a collection of spoken word poems, presents biographies of two people
who worked on the album, and speculates about the meaning behind the poetry.
D. It connects two artists to the same spoken word poetry project, explains the extent of their collaboration on
each poem, and then provides an overview of the technique used to produce the work.
Question ID 9b01bcf4 3.10

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 9b01bcf4
The 1967 release of Harold Cruse’s book The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual isolated him from almost all other
scholars and activists of the American Civil Rights Movement—though many of those thinkers disagreed with each
other, he nonetheless found ways to disagree with them all. He thought that activists who believed that Black
people such as himself should culturally assimilate were naïve. But he also sharply criticized Black nationalists
such as Marcus Garvey who wanted to establish independent, self-contained Black economies and societies,
even though Cruse himself identified as a Black nationalist. a plot twist --> support the second sentence
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A. It describes a direction that Cruse felt the Civil Rights Movement ought to take.
B. It indicates that Cruse’s reputation as a persistent antagonist of other scholars is undeserved.
C. It describes a controversy that Cruse’s work caused within the Black nationalist movement.
D. It helps explain Cruse’s position with respect to the community of civil rights thinkers.