Chapter 10-Vector Algebra

“The Best Way To Predict The Future Is To Create It”

EX-10.1-BASIC

Q.1) Classify the following measures as scalar and vectors:

i)10 kg ii)10 newton iii)30km/hrs iv)30m/sec towards east

v)40 𝑐 vi)10gm/c𝑚3 vii)5 seconds viii)20m/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

ix)100𝑐𝑚3 x)40 watt xi)2 metres north xii)10−19 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑏 xiii)2km

Q.2) Represent graphically

a) Displacement of 40 km & 300 west of south

b) 80 km, 450 east of north

c) 500 𝑘𝑚 , 600 east of north

d) 60 km, 350 north of east

Q.3) In a regular hexagon ABCDEF,

If 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝐷

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎 & 𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐷𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐸𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐹𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐴𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐴𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , & 𝐶𝐸

Q.4)The two vectors 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ represent the two sides AB and AC ,
respectively of a. Find the length of the median through A
Q.5) Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a distance of 5 units from the origin
and its normal vector is 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
Q.6) i) If A (1, 2), B (0,-1), find|𝐴𝐵

ii) If 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 |𝑎| + |𝑏⃗| = |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗|

iii) If 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ ,then show that |𝑎| = |𝑏⃗| .Are the vectors |𝑎|&|𝑏⃗| equal?

Q.7) If 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ ,then find the value of x,y & z so that
2𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑏 [3,-4/3,-2]
Q.8) If the position vector 𝑎 of the point (5,n) is such that |𝑎|=13, find the value of n. [±12]

Q.9)i)If 𝑎 is a position vector whose scalar component are 1 & -3 . find the coordinates of
the point B such that 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎. if A has coordinates (-1,5) . [(0,2)]
ii)If A is the point (4,5) & vector 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ has component 2 & 6 along x-axis & y-axis respectively
then write point B [(6,11)]
Q.10) ABCD is a parallelogram. if the coordinates of A, B, C are (2, 3), (1, 4), & (0,-2)
respectively. Find the coordinates of D. [(1,-3)]
1
Q.11)i)What is 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅 such that |𝑎𝑥 | = 1 where 𝑥 = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ? [𝑎 = ± ] ii)if
3
1
̂
𝑎 = −3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘, then find the value of k so that 𝑘𝑎 may be a unit vector .[k=± ]
7

Q.12) If 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗ are the position vectors of A and B respectively, find the position vector of
⃗
3𝑎⃗−𝑏
a point C on BA produced such that BC=1.5 BA. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [ ]
2

Q.13) Prove that the line segment joining the mid points of two sides of a triangle is
parallel to the third side and equal to half of it.
Q.14) Prove that the sum of the vectors directed from the vertices to the mid-points of
opposite sides of a triangle is zero.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
Q.15)Find the vector with initial point p(6,-2) & terminal point Q(4,8).also find |𝑃𝑄 [√104]

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , where P and

Q.16) Find a vector of magnitude 11 in the direction opposite to that of 𝑃𝑄
11
Q are the points (1,3,2) and (-1,0,8) respectively. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [ (2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂)]
7

Q.17)if 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ represent two adjacent sides ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵 & ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐵𝐶 respectively of a parallelogram ABCD,
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are equal to 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ & 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ respectively.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ & 𝐷𝐵
then show that it’s diagonal 𝐴𝐶

Q.18)i)Write two vectors in the direction of 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂

ii)Write a vector parallel(collinear) to 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂
iii)For what value of ‘a’ the vector 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ & 𝑎𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ are collinear ? [a=-4]
iv)If 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑖̂ + 𝑎2 𝑗̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 𝑏1 𝑖̂ + 𝑏2 𝑗̂ are non-zero vectors ,then prove that they are parallel if
only if 𝑎1 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑏1 = 0
v)if 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are non collinear vectors. find the value of x for which vectors
𝛼 = (𝑥 − 2)𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ & 𝛽 = (3 + 2𝑥)𝑎 − 2𝑏 ⃗ are collinear. [x=1/4]
vi)If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are three non-collinear vectors such that 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ is collinear with 𝑐 & 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 is
collinear with 𝑎 .find 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 [0]
viii)Show that (-2,3,5), (1,2,3), & (7,0,-1)are collinear .

vii)Show that points with parallel vector 𝑎 − 2𝑏⃗ + 3𝑐, -2𝑎 + 3𝑏⃗ − 𝑐 & 4𝑎 − 7𝑏⃗ + 7𝑐 are collinear .
ix) If the points (-1,-1,2), (2,m,5) and (3,11,6) are collinear,find the value of m. [m=8]

x) Using vectors , find the value of 𝜆 such that points (𝜆, −10, 3), (1, −1,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,5,3) are
collinear. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [−2]
2 6 3
Q.19)i)Write a unit vector in the direction of 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ [ 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂]
7 7 7
1
̂ ̂
ii)Find a unit vector parallel to vector 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘 [ (2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘 )
3
1
iii)For what value of p is (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)p a unit vector [p=± ]
√3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ where P &Q are the points (1,2) & (4,5)
iv)Find the unit vector in the direction of 𝑃𝑄
1
respectively. [ (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)]
√2
v) 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂, 𝑐 = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ,then find the unit vector parallel to the
1
vector 2𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ + 3𝑐 [ (3 − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )]
√22
vii) if 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , then find unit vector in the direction of the vector
𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ [1/√2(𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂)]

Q.20)i)Find the vector in the direction of the vector 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ whose magnitude is 7 units
7
.[ (𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂)]
√5
ii) Find the vector in the direction of the vector 𝑟 = 5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ whose
8
magnitude is 8 units . [ (5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )]
√30
iii)Find a vector of magnitude 5 units & parallel to the resultant of the vectors
5
𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .[ (3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)]
√10
iv)If the P.V. of the points A & B are 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ & 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ respectively , then write a
vector of magnitude 6 units in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵. [√6(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )]

Q.21)i)A vector 𝑟 is inclined at 450 at OX & 600 at OY. Find the angle at which OP is
inclined at OZ. [600 or 1200 ]
ii)write the direction ratio (DR) of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ & hence calculate its direction
1 1 2
cosines(DC) [ , , ]
√6 √6 √6
1 2 3
iii)Find direction cosines of 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ [ , , ]
√14 √14 √14
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . [ 3 , −4 , −6 ]
iv)If P(1,5,4) & Q(4,1,-2), then find direction cosines of 𝑃𝑄
√61 √61 √61
v)Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A(1,2,-3) & B(-1,-2,1) directed
−1 −2 2
from A to B. [ , , ]
3 3 3

vi)Find the direction cosines of vector making angle 450 , 1350 & 1500 with co-ordinate
1 −1 −√3
axes. [ , , ]
√2 √2 2
vii)Show that vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ is equally inclined to the cordinates axes.
viii)If a vector makes angles to 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with OX,OY, & OZ respectively.
Find the 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛾 [2]

ix) A vector 𝑟 is inclined at equal angles to OX,OY & OZ. If the magnitude of 𝑟 is 6 units
.find 𝑟 [2√3(±𝑖̂ ± 𝑗̂ ± 𝑘̂)]
x)Find the angles at which the vector 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ is inclined to each of the coordinate
2 1 2
axes . [𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) , 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )]
3 3 3
1 1 1
xi)What are the direction cosines of a vector equiangular with co-ordinate axes [± √3 , ± √3 , ± √3]
𝜋 𝜋
xii)If a unit vector 𝑎 makes angle with 𝑖̂, with 𝑗̂, & an acute angle 𝜃 with 𝑘̂, then find 𝜃
3 4
1 1 1
& hence find the components of 𝑎. [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂]
2 √2 2
𝜋 𝜋
xiii) Find a vector 𝑟 of magnitude 3√2 units which makes an angle of 𝑎𝑛𝑑 with y and z-
4 2
axes respectively. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [𝑟 = ±3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂]

xiv) A vector 𝑟 is inclined at equal angles to the three axes. If the magnitude of 𝑟 is 2√3,
find 𝑟.
⃗⃗ [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [2(±𝑖̂ ± 𝑗̂ ± 𝑘̂)]
Q.22)i)Find the PV of the points which divide the join of points 2𝑎 − 3𝑏⃗ & 3𝑎 − 2𝑏⃗
12 13
internally & externally in the ratio 2:3. [ 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ & −5𝑏⃗]
5 5

ii) Find the PV of the points which divide the join of points 𝑎 − 2𝑏⃗ & 2𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ externally in
the ratio 2:1. [CBSE Board 2016]
iii)Find the PV of a point R which divides the line joining two points P &Q whose parallel
vector are (2𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) & (𝑎 − 3𝑏⃗) externally in 1:2. Also show that P is midpoint of the RQ.
iv)If A(4,2) , B(1,-2) , & C(-2,6). find length of median AD by vector method. [6]
v)Points L,M,N divides the sides BC,CA,AB of a triangle ABC in the ratios 1:4, 3:2, 3:7
respectively . prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐿 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is a vector parallel to 𝐶𝐾
𝐵𝑀 + 𝐶𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ where K divides
AB in the ratio 1:3.

Q.23)i) If the PV of the vertices of triangle are 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂, 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ & 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ .Show
that triangle is equilateral.
ii)If A, B , & C have PV 2𝑖̂, 𝑗̂, & 2𝑘̂ show that triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle.
iii)Show that the points A, B & C with position vector 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ &
𝑐 = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ respectively form the vertices of a right angled triangle .
Q.24)A girl walks 4km towards west then she walks 3km in a direction 300 east of north & stops
−5 3√3
.Determine the girls displacement from her initial point of departure. [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂]
2 2

Q.25)i)Find a unit vector in xy plane making an angle of 300 in anticlockwise direction ,

√3 1
with the positive direction of x-axis . [𝑟 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂]
2 2
ii)Write all the unit vectors in XY plane [𝑟=𝑖̂𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑗̂𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃]

Exercise-10.2 :Scalar Product

Q.1) Find 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ when

i) 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 6𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ [4]

ii) 𝑎 = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ [5]

iii)𝑎 = (1,1,2), 𝑏⃗ = (3,2, −1) [3]

Q.2) Find the angle between 𝑎 &𝑏⃗ if:

𝜋
i)|𝑎| = 4, |𝑏⃗| = 3, 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 6 [ ]
3

ii)|𝑎| = 2 , |𝑏⃗| = 3, 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 0 [900 ]

1
iii)|𝑎| = 1 , |𝑏⃗| = 3, 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )]
3

iv)|𝑎| = 2, |𝑏⃗| = 3, ⃗⃗⃗𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 6 [𝜃 = 0]

v)|𝑎| = 1, |𝑏⃗| = 2 , 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = −2 [𝜃 = 𝜋]

Q.3)For what value of 𝛼 are the vectors 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ perpendicular?

𝑎 = α𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 9𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ [𝛼 = 4]

Q.4)i)If 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 unit vector & (2𝑎 + 𝑏⃗). (2𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) = 2 then find |𝑏⃗|. [√2]

8 8
ii)If (𝑎 − 𝑏⃗). (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) = 8 , |𝑎| = 8|𝑏⃗| , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 |𝑎| &|𝑏⃗|. [8√ , √ ]
63 63

iii)Find (𝑎 + 3𝑏⃗). (2𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ [-15]

Q.5)For any vector 𝑟 prove that : 𝑟 = (𝑟. 𝑖̂)𝑖̂ + (𝑟. 𝑗̂)𝑗̂ + (𝑟. 𝑘̂)𝑘̂.

Q.6)If two vectors 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are such that |𝑎| = 2, |𝑏⃗| = 3, 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 4 then find

i)|𝑎 + 𝑏⃗| [√21] ii)|𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| [√5]

Q.7)If 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are two vectors such that |𝑎| = 3 , |𝑏⃗| = 4 & |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗| = √5. Then find 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ . [-10]

Q.8) (1)If the angles between two vectors 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ of equal magnitude is 300 & their scalar
product is 2√3. Then find their magnitude. [2]
(2) If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector , prove that the magnitude of their
difference is √3.

Q.9)i)If 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , then show that vectors 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ & 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ are
perpendicular.

ii)If 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝛼𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , then find the value of 𝛼
so that 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ & 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ are perpendicular. [±√84]

Q.10)If 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are unit vector such that 2𝑎 − 4𝑏⃗ & 10𝑎 + 8𝑏⃗ are perpendicular to each other
then, find the angle between vectors 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ [𝜃 = 1200 ]
5 1
Q.11)Find a vector 𝑐 such that 𝑐 . (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) = 2 , 𝑐 . (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) = 3 , 𝑐 . 𝑘̂ = 0 [𝑐 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂]
2 2
Q.12)Show that vector 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂, 𝑐 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ form a right
angled triangle
Q.13)Show that A(0,-1,-2) , B(3,1,4) , C(5,7,1) are the vertices of a right triangle.
Q.14)If vertices of A,B,C of a triangle are (1,2,3) , (-1,0,0), & (0,1,2) find <ABC
Q.15)If 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 2𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ , 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ & 𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ are the PV of the points A,B,C&D.
Then find the angle between ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵 & ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 .deduce that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵&n ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 are collinear.

Q.16) i) Given 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂, 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂, express 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑠 ⃗⃗⃗

𝑏1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏2
3 1 1 3
where ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 is parallel to 𝑎 & ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏2 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟. [ 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂& 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂]
2 2 2 2

ii) Express the vectors 𝑎 = 5𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ as the sum of two vectors such that one
is parallel to vector 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ & other is perpendicular to 𝑏⃗.

Q.17)i)Three vectors 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 satisfy the condition 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐=0 evaluate the quantity
𝑎 . 𝑏⃗ + 𝑏⃗. 𝑐+𝑐 . 𝑎 . if |𝑎| = 1 |𝑏⃗| = 4 & |𝑐 | = 2 [-21/2]

ii)If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 three mutually perpendicular unit vector ,

then prove that | 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 | = √3.

iii)Let 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 be three vectors such that |𝑎| = 3 |𝑏⃗| = 4 & |𝑐 | = 5 & each one of them
being perpendicular to the sum of the other two . Find |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 | [√50]

Q.18)i)Let 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂, 𝑐 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ .find a vector 𝑑 which is
160 5 70
perpendicular to both 𝑎&𝑏⃗ and 𝑐 . 𝑑=15 [ 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂]
3 3 3

ii) Let 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , 𝑐 = 7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ .find a vector 𝑑 which is perpendicular

1
to both 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ and 𝑐 . 𝑑=1 [ (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂)]
4

Q.19)The scalar product of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along the sum of the
vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ & 𝛼𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to one . find the value of 𝛼 . [ 𝛼 = 1 ]

Q.20)If 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are two vectors in such a way that |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ |=|𝑎|,then prove that
vector 2𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ is perpendicular to vector 𝑏⃗.

Q.21) If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐 are three vectors in such a way that 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = 0. If |𝑎| = 3, |𝑏⃗| = 5 &

|𝑐 | = 7 . Find the angle between 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗. [600 ]

Q.22) If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐 are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude, prove that
𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 is equally inclined to 𝑎, 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐.
60
Q.23)i)Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ on the vector 7𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ . [ ]
√114

ii) Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ on the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂.

iii)If 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂, find projection of 𝑎 𝑜𝑛 𝑏⃗ & 𝑏⃗ 𝑜𝑛 𝑎.

iv)Find 𝛼 when projection of 𝑎 = 𝛼𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , on 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is 4 units . [5]
Q.24)a) find the value of x for which the angle between 2𝑥 2 𝑖̂ + 4𝑥𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ & 7𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑘̂ is
obtuse . [(0,1/2)]
b)find a if 𝑟 = (𝑎2 − 4)𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − (𝑎2 − 9)𝑘̂ makes acute angle with the coordinate axes.
[𝑎 ∈ (−3, −2)𝑈(2,3)]
1
Q.25)Show that angle between two diagonals of a cube is cos −1 .
3

Q.26)if 𝑎̂ & 𝑏̂ are inclined at angle 𝜃 then show that

𝜃 1 𝜃 1 𝜃 |𝑎̂− 𝑏̂ |
a)sin ( ) = |𝑎̂ − 𝑏̂| b) cos ( ) = |𝑎̂ + 𝑏̂| c) tan ( ) = ̂+ ̂
2 2 2 2 2 |𝑎 𝑏 |

2 −|𝑏 2
|𝑎⃗| ⃗ | −|𝑐 |2
Q.27)If 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = 0 & angle between 𝑏⃗ &𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝜃 show that : 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ⃗ ||𝑐 |
2|𝑏

⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, find 𝜆 such that 𝑎
Q.28) If 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗ is
perpendicular to 𝜆𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 . [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [𝜆 = −2]
Exercise-10.3 Vector Product

Q.1) Find 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗

i) 𝑎 = 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ [ −7𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ ]

ii) 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 3𝑘̂ [ 𝑎 = 9𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂]

Q.2)If 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑘̂. Find |𝑏⃗ × 2𝑎| [4√19]

ii)If 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑏⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ .find |3𝑏⃗ × 2𝑎| [6√3]

Q.3)If 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂.then find :

I)magnitude of 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ ii)a vector of perpendicular to 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗
iii)a unit vector perpendicular to both 𝑎&𝑏⃗
iv)the cosine & sin of the angle between 𝑎&𝑏⃗. [8√3][± (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ )] [√ ] [ ]
1 3 2
3 7 √7
𝜋
Q.4)If 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ is a unit vector in such way that |𝑎| = 3 |𝑏⃗| = √2
3
.find the Angle between 𝑎&𝑏⃗ [ ]
4
̂ ⃗ ̂
Q.5)i)If 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘 , 𝑏 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘.then find a unit vector which is perpendicular to
1
both the vectors (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) & (𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) [± (2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ )]
3
ii) Find a vector whose length is 3 and which is perpendicular to the vectors
𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 6𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
iii) find a vector of magnitude 5 units, which is perpendicular to both the
5
vectors (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) & (𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) where 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ [± (−𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ )]
√6

Q.6)If 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ & 𝑐 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , then find a vector 𝑑 which is
5
perpendicular to both 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐. 𝑑=15 [ (32𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 14𝑘̂ )]
3
Q.7)If 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ are any vectors. Then show that: (𝑎 × 𝑏⃗)2 = |𝑎. 𝑎 𝑎. 𝑏⃗|
𝑎. 𝑏⃗ 𝑏⃗. 𝑏⃗
Q.8)Find the area of parallelogram determined by the vectors

i) 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ & 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ [3√3] ii) 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ & 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ [4√2]

Q.9)Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are
√26 7√19
i) 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ & 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ [ ] ii) 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ & 3𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ [ ]
2 2

Q.10)Find the area of rectangle having vertices A,B,C & D with parallel vector
1 1 1
−𝑖̂ + 12𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂, & −𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ respectively. [2]
2 2 2

Q.11(i))Find the area of triangle whose vertices are (1,1,2), (2,3,5), & (1,5,5) [√61/2]
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , 𝐴𝐶
ii)Find the area of triangle where 𝐴𝐵 ̂ [3√5]
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘.
Q.12)If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, & 𝑐 are the three PV of vertices of a triangle ABC , show that the area of
1
triangles ABC is |(𝑎 × 𝑏⃗) + (𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 ) + (𝑐 × 𝑎)|
2
⃗ ×𝑐+𝑐×𝑎⃗+𝑎⃗×𝑏
|𝑏 ⃗|
Q.13)Show that distance of the point 𝑐 from line joining 𝑎 & 𝑏⃗ is ⃗
.
|𝑏−𝑎⃗|
Q.14)If A,B,C, & D be any 4 point in space , prove that
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐷 + 𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = 4(𝑎𝑟∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
Q.15)If 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑐 = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , are given vectors , then find a vector 𝑏⃗ satisfying the
5 2 2
equation 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐 & 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 3 [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ]
3 3 3
Q.16)Find 𝛼 & 𝛽 if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 27𝑘̂) × (𝑖̂ + 𝛼𝑗̂ + 𝛽𝑘̂) = ⃗0 [3,27/2]
Q.17)If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are vectors that 𝑎. 𝑏⃗=𝑎. 𝑐 , 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 × 𝑐 , 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐
Q.18)If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are three vectors such that 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = 0,Prove that 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = 𝑐 × 𝑎.
Q.19)The magnitude of the vectors product of a vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along
the sum of vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ & α𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to √2 .find the value of 𝛼. [1]
Q.20) If 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are vectors such that 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗=𝑐⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = 𝑎, prove that 𝑎, 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐 are mutually
perpendicular to each other with |𝑏⃗| = 1 & |𝑎| = |𝑐 |.
Q.21)Let the vectors 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are given as 𝑎1 𝑖̂ + 𝑎2 𝑗̂ + 𝑎3 𝑘̂ , 𝑏1 𝑖̂ + 𝑏2 𝑗̂ + 𝑏3 𝑘̂,
𝑐1 𝑖̂ + 𝑐2 𝑗̂ + 𝑐3 𝑘̂ respectively .Show that 𝑎 × (𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 ) = 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ + 𝑎 × 𝑐
𝜋
Q.22) Let 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 Be unit vectors such that 𝑎. 𝑏⃗=𝑎. 𝑐 = 0 & the angle between 𝑏⃗ & 𝑐 is .
6
Prove that𝑎 = ±2(𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 )
Q.23)If |𝑎|=2 , |𝑏⃗| = 5 , 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂, find the value of 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ [√91]

Q.24)For any two vectors show that |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √𝑎2 . 𝑏 2 − (𝑎. 𝑏⃗)2
Q.25) If 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑟 × 𝑖̂). (𝑟 × 𝑗̂) + 𝑥𝑦 [0]
Q.26) Using vectors, find the area of the triangle with vertices (1) A(1,1,2), B(2,3,5) and
√274
C(1,5,5) (2) A(1,2,3), B(2,-1,4) and C(4,5,-1). [NCERT EXEMPLAR] [√61 , 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠]
2
Q.27) Find all vectors of magnitude 10√3 that are perpendicular to the plane of
𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and −𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂. [𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐄𝐗𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐑] [±10(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )]