DAY-28

Spring Project Structure and Core Concepts &

Introduction to Basic Spring Concepts

Tutor Mentor| 2024

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Understanding the Spring Project Structure
A Spring project structure is critical for organizing code, configurations, and resources
efficiently.
Spring projects typically adhere to a standard Maven directory layout for consistency
and modularity.
Importance:
Enables separation of concerns by organizing code into logical parts.
Facilitates easier collaboration, testing, and scalability.

Tutor Mentor | 2024

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Overview of the Basic Folder Structure
In a Spring project, the directory structure is generally as follows:
1. src/main/java: Contains the main application code, including controllers, services, and
repositories.
2. src/main/resources: Holds resource files like application.properties, XML
configurations, and templates.
3. src/test: Contains test files for unit testing and integration testing.

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Purpose of Each Directory
Directory Purpose
src/main/java Houses the application’s source code, organized into packages
like controller, service, and repository.

src/main/resources Stores configuration files and resources like

application.properties or XML configuration files.

src/main/webapp/WEB- Used in traditional Spring MVC projects to hold web.xml for

INF servlet configuration.

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Exploring src/main/java and Packages

Organize code into packages for modularity:

controller: Handles user requests and interacts with services.
service: Contains business logic and calls repositories.
repository: Manages database access.
Example Package Structure:
src/main/java
├── com.example.project
├── controller
├── service
├── repository
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Exploring src/main/resources

Stores configuration files like:

application.properties: Application-specific settings (e.g., database configuration).
applicationContext.xml: Spring XML configuration file (in older projects).

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Key File - web.xml in WEB-INF

web.xml (Deployment Descriptor):

Configures the DispatcherServlet.
Defines context parameters, servlet mappings, and listeners.

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Sample web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
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Introduction to Basic Spring Concepts

Spring Framework provides powerful features like Inversion of Control (IoC) and
Dependency Injection (DI).
IoC: Spring controls object lifecycles and dependencies.
DI: Spring wires objects together automatically, reducing tight coupling.

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Overview of Inversion of Control (IoC)

IoC transfers control of object creation and management from the developer to the Spring
Container.
Benefits:
Improves modularity.
Enhances testability.
Simplifies object lifecycle management.

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Benefits of IoC in Spring

Decouples components, improving scalability.

Enables unit testing by replacing dependencies with mock objects.
Example of IoC in Spring:
@Component
public class ServiceExample {
private final RepositoryExample repository;

@Autowired
public ServiceExample(RepositoryExample repository) {
this.repository = repository; } }
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Introduction to Dependency Injection (DI)

DI is a design pattern used to inject dependencies at runtime.

Purpose: Eliminate hardcoded dependencies and improve code flexibility.

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How Dependency Injection Works in Spring

Spring manages object dependencies automatically via:

1. Constructor Injection: Dependencies provided via the constructor.
2. Setter Injection: Dependencies injected via setter methods.
3. Field Injection: Directly inject dependencies into fields (less recommended).

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Types of Dependency Injection

1.Constructor Injection:
@Component
public class MyService {
private final MyRepository repository;

@Autowired
public MyService(MyRepository repository) {
this.repository = repository;
}
}
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2. Setter Injection:
@Component
public class MyService {
private MyRepository repository;

@Autowired
public void setRepository(MyRepository repository) {
this.repository = repository;
}
}
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3. Field Injection (Discouraged):

@Component
public class MyService {
@Autowired
private MyRepository repository;
}

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Examples of DI in Spring

Constructor Injection Example:

@Component
public class OrderService {
private final OrderRepository orderRepository;

@Autowired
public OrderService(OrderRepository orderRepository) {
this.orderRepository = orderRepository;
}
}
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Introduction to Spring’s Layered Architecture
Spring applications are organized into three layers:
1. Controller Layer: Handles HTTP requests.
2. Service Layer: Processes business logic.
3. Repository Layer: Interacts with the database.

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Overview of Controller Layer
Purpose: Accept user input, process it, and return responses.
Example:
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello, World!";
}
}

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Overview of Service Layer
Contains business logic.
Bridges the gap between the controller and repository layers.

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Overview of Repository Layer
Interacts with databases using tools like Spring Data JPA.
Example:
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}

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Benefits of a Layered Architecture
1. Separation of Concerns: Each layer has a defined responsibility.
2. Scalability: Layers can be scaled independently.

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Summary of Key Concepts
Spring Project Structure:
Organized into logical parts for modularity.
Core Concepts:
IoC and DI simplify dependency management.
Layered Architecture:
Ensures clean, scalable, and maintainable code.

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 Tutor Mentor | 2024

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