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Questions and Answers Chapter Three Network 3

Advanced network

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7 views3 pages

Questions and Answers Chapter Three Network 3

Advanced network

Uploaded by

jacbuub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Questions and Answers chapter three network

1. What is Switch ?
A mechanism that allows us to interconnect links to form a large network.
A multi-input, multi-output device which transfers packets from an input to one or
more outputs.
2. A switch’s primary job is to receive incoming packets on one of its links and to
transmit them on some other link.
3. Two common approaches ?
Datagram or Connectionless approach.
Virtual circuit or Connection-oriented approach.
A third approach source routing is less common.
4. What is Assumptions ?
There is some way to identify the input and output ports of each switch.
We can use numbers.
We can use names.
5. Characteristics of Connectionless (Datagram) Network ?
A host can send a packet anywhere at any time.
Each packet is forwarded independently of previous packets that might have been sent to
the same destination.
6. Virtual Circuit Switching (connection-oriented) ?

First set up a virtual connection from the source host to the destination host and then send
the data.

7. Two-stage process
Connection setup.
Data Transfer.
8. Connection setup The connection state for a single connection consists of an entry in the ‘VC
table’,
9. A virtual circuit identifier (VCI) that uniquely identifies the connection at this switch and
that will be carried inside the header of the packets that belong to this connection.
10. For our example,
Suppose the VCI value 5 is chosen for the link from host A to switch 1.
11 is chosen for the link from switch 1 to switch 2.
So the switch 1 will have an entry in the VC table.
11. Similarly, suppose,
VCI of 7 is chosen to identify this connection on the link from switch 2 to switch 3
VCI of 4 is chosen for the link from switch 3 to host B
Switches 2 and 3 are configured with the following VC table
12. Characteristics of VC ?
If a switch or a link in a connection fails, the connection is broken and a new one will need to
be established.
13. Good Properties of VC
By the time the host gets the go-ahead to send data, it knows quite a lot about the network.
14. Most popular examples of VC technologies are X.25, Frame Relay and ATM.
15. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
a. GFC: Generic Flow Control (not used).
b. VPI: Virtual Path Identifier.
c. VCI: Virtual Circuit Identifier.
16. Type: management, congestion control
CLP: Cell Loss Priority
HEC: Header Error Check (CRC-8)
17. Approaches in Source Routing ?
Rotate(D C B A) = (A D C B)
Strip(D C B A) = (D C B)
Pointer(D C B A) =(prt D C B A)
18. Bridges and LAN Switches ?

Class of switches that is used to forward packets between shared-media LANs such as
Ethernets.

i. Known as LAN switches.


ii. Referred to as Bridges.
19. A spanning tree is a sub-graph of this graph that covers all the vertices but contains no
cycles.
20. A solution
Virtual LAN (VLAN).
 Allow a single extended LAN to be partitioned into several logical LANs.
 Each VLAN is assigned an ID (or color).

21. What is internetwork ?


An arbitrary collection of networks interconnected to provide some sort of host-to-host
packet delivery service.
22. What is IP ?
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
Key tool used today to build scalable, heterogeneous internetworks.
23. IP Service Model ?
Two parts
a. Global Addressing Scheme.
b. Datagram (Connectionless) model for data delivery.
24. Different Protocols ?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
25. Forwarding versus Routing
Forwarding:
to select an output port based on destination address and routing table
Routing:
process by which routing table is built.
26. What is the solution?
Need a distributed and dynamic protocol.
Two main classes of protocols
Distance Vector.
Link State .
27.

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