Below is a detailed explanation of each question with a theoretical discussion and examples to help

you score full marks:

i. What is Web Application Architecture?

Web application architecture defines the interaction between applications, databases, and
middleware systems on the web. It outlines how web applications are designed, structured, and
deployed. A well-structured web architecture ensures scalability, reliability, and maintainability of the
application.

Components of Web Application Architecture:

1. Client-Side (Frontend): This is the user-facing part of the application, usually built using
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Examples: React, Angular, or plain HTML/CSS.

2. Server-Side (Backend): This handles business logic, database interactions, and responds to
client requests. Technologies: Java, Python, Node.js, etc.

3. Database: Stores and manages the application’s data. Example: MySQL, MongoDB.

4. Middleware: Acts as a bridge between different components of the application and ensures
smooth communication.

Types of Web Application Architecture:

1. Monolithic Architecture: All components are part of a single codebase.

2. Microservices Architecture: Application is divided into small, independently deployable

services.

3. Serverless Architecture: Applications are hosted on third-party cloud services, where the
server management is handled by the cloud provider.

ii. Explain the <form> Tag in HTML

The <form> tag in HTML is used to create a form for user input. It collects data from the user and
sends it to a server for processing.

iii. What is Callable Statement?

A CallableStatement is an interface in JDBC used to call stored procedures in a database. Stored

procedures are precompiled SQL statements stored in the database that can be executed by calling
them through JDBC.

iv. What is Statement? When Do We Use It?

A Statement in JDBC is used to execute static SQL queries. It is suitable when the SQL query is not
expected to change frequently.

Below is a detailed explanation of each question with a theoretical discussion and examples to help
you score full marks:
i. What is Web Application Architecture?

Web application architecture defines the interaction between applications, databases, and
middleware systems on the web. It outlines how web applications are designed, structured, and
deployed. A well-structured web architecture ensures scalability, reliability, and maintainability of the
application.

Components of Web Application Architecture:

1. Client-Side (Frontend): This is the user-facing part of the application, usually built using
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Examples: React, Angular, or plain HTML/CSS.

2. Server-Side (Backend): This handles business logic, database interactions, and responds to
client requests. Technologies: Java, Python, Node.js, etc.

3. Database: Stores and manages the application’s data. Example: MySQL, MongoDB.

4. Middleware: Acts as a bridge between different components of the application and ensures
smooth communication.

Types of Web Application Architecture:

1. Monolithic Architecture: All components are part of a single codebase.

2. Microservices Architecture: Application is divided into small, independently deployable

services.

3. Serverless Architecture: Applications are hosted on third-party cloud services, where the
server management is handled by the cloud provider.

ii. Explain the <form> Tag in HTML

The <form> tag in HTML is used to create a form for user input. It collects data from the user and
sends it to a server for processing.

Attributes of <form> Tag:

1. action: Specifies the URL where the form data will be sent.

html

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<form action="submit.php">

2. method: Defines the HTTP method used to send form data. It can be either GET or POST.

html

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<form method="POST">

3. name: Assigns a name to the form.

4. enctype: Specifies the encoding type of the form data. Used when uploading files.
html

Copy code

<form enctype="multipart/form-data">

Example of a Simple Form:

html

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<form action="/submit" method="POST">

<label for="name">Name:</label>

<input type="text" id="name" name="name">

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

iii. What is Callable Statement?

A CallableStatement is an interface in JDBC used to call stored procedures in a database. Stored

procedures are precompiled SQL statements stored in the database that can be executed by calling
them through JDBC.

Syntax for CallableStatement:

java

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CallableStatement cs = connection.prepareCall("{call procedure_name(?)}");

Example:

java

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CallableStatement cs = connection.prepareCall("{call getEmployeeDetails(?)}");

cs.setInt(1, 101); // Setting input parameter

ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery(); // Executing the stored procedure

iv. What is Statement? When Do We Use It?

A Statement in JDBC is used to execute static SQL queries. It is suitable when the SQL query is not
expected to change frequently.

Syntax:

java
Copy code

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM employees");

When to Use Statement?

 When you have simple SQL queries without any parameters.

 When there is no need for query optimization or reuse.

v. Write a Program to Print "Hello World" in Servlets

java

Copy code

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws

ServletException, IOException {

response.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<h1>Hello World</h1>");

vi. What is a Servlet?

A Servlet is a Java program that runs on a web server and handles HTTP requests and responses. It is
used to create dynamic web content. Servlets are a part of the Java EE platform and follow a request-
response model.

Key Features of Servlets:

 Platform-independent, as they are written in Java.

 Can handle multiple requests concurrently using multithreading.

 Provides lifecycle methods: init(), service(), and destroy().

Below is a detailed explanation of each question with a theoretical discussion and examples to help
you score full marks:
i. What is Web Application Architecture?

Web application architecture defines the interaction between applications, databases, and
middleware systems on the web. It outlines how web applications are designed, structured, and
deployed. A well-structured web architecture ensures scalability, reliability, and maintainability of the
application.

Components of Web Application Architecture:

1. Client-Side (Frontend): This is the user-facing part of the application, usually built using
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Examples: React, Angular, or plain HTML/CSS.

2. Server-Side (Backend): This handles business logic, database interactions, and responds to
client requests. Technologies: Java, Python, Node.js, etc.

3. Database: Stores and manages the application’s data. Example: MySQL, MongoDB.

4. Middleware: Acts as a bridge between different components of the application and ensures
smooth communication.

Types of Web Application Architecture:

1. Monolithic Architecture: All components are part of a single codebase.

2. Microservices Architecture: Application is divided into small, independently deployable

services.

3. Serverless Architecture: Applications are hosted on third-party cloud services, where the
server management is handled by the cloud provider.

ii. Explain the <form> Tag in HTML

The <form> tag in HTML is used to create a form for user input. It collects data from the user and
sends it to a server for processing.

Attributes of <form> Tag:

1. action: Specifies the URL where the form data will be sent.

html

Copy code

<form action="submit.php">

2. method: Defines the HTTP method used to send form data. It can be either GET or POST.

html

Copy code

<form method="POST">

3. name: Assigns a name to the form.

 4. enctype: Specifies the encoding type of the form data. Used when uploading files.

html

Copy code

<form enctype="multipart/form-data">

Example of a Simple Form:

html

Copy code

<form action="/submit" method="POST">

<label for="name">Name:</label>

<input type="text" id="name" name="name">

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

iii. What is Callable Statement?

A CallableStatement is an interface in JDBC used to call stored procedures in a database. Stored

procedures are precompiled SQL statements stored in the database that can be executed by calling
them through JDBC.

Syntax for CallableStatement:

java

Copy code

CallableStatement cs = connection.prepareCall("{call procedure_name(?)}");

Example:

java

Copy code

CallableStatement cs = connection.prepareCall("{call getEmployeeDetails(?)}");

cs.setInt(1, 101); // Setting input parameter

ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery(); // Executing the stored procedure

iv. What is Statement? When Do We Use It?

A Statement in JDBC is used to execute static SQL queries. It is suitable when the SQL query is not
expected to change frequently.

Syntax:
java

Copy code

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM employees");

When to Use Statement?

 When you have simple SQL queries without any parameters.

 When there is no need for query optimization or reuse.

v. Write a Program to Print "Hello World" in Servlets

java

Copy code

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws

ServletException, IOException {

response.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<h1>Hello World</h1>");

vi. What is a Servlet?

A Servlet is a Java program that runs on a web server and handles HTTP requests and responses. It is
used to create dynamic web content. Servlets are a part of the Java EE platform and follow a request-
response model.

Key Features of Servlets:

 Platform-independent, as they are written in Java.

 Can handle multiple requests concurrently using multithreading.

 Provides lifecycle methods: init(), service(), and destroy().

vii. Write a Program for Addition of Two Numbers in JSP

jsp

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<html>

<body>

<form action="result.jsp" method="POST">

Number 1: <input type="text" name="num1"><br>

Number 2: <input type="text" name="num2"><br>

<input type="submit" value="Add">

</form>

</body>

</html>

result.jsp:

jsp

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<html>

<body>

<%

int num1 = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("num1"));

int num2 = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("num2"));

int sum = num1 + num2;

%>

<h2>Result: <%= sum %></h2>

</body>

</html>

viii. What are doPost() and doGet()?

 doGet(): Handles HTTP GET requests. It is used when the client wants to retrieve information
from the server. Data is sent as query parameters in the URL.

 doPost(): Handles HTTP POST requests. It is used when the client wants to send sensitive or
large data to the server. Data is sent in the body of the request.
ix. Discuss the Highlighting Features of Java Bean

A Java Bean is a reusable software component in Java that follows specific conventions.

Key Features of Java Bean:

1. Encapsulation: Java Beans encapsulate the data and provide controlled access using getter
and setter methods.

2. Serializable: Beans implement the Serializable interface, allowing them to be saved and
transferred.

3. No-Argument Constructor: Beans must have a no-argument constructor for easy

instantiation.

4. Persistence: Java Beans can be persisted in files or databases.

5. Customizable: Beans can be customized at runtime using various property settings.

x. Describe the Important Aspects of Entity Bean in EJB

An Entity Bean is a type of Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) that represents persistent data stored in a
database. It is used in distributed applications to manage database operations.

Key Aspects of Entity Bean:

1. Persistence: Entity beans represent data that can be persisted to a database.

2. Container-Managed or Bean-Managed Persistence:

o Container-Managed: The EJB container handles the database operations.

o Bean-Managed: The developer writes code to handle database operations manually.

3. Primary Key: Each entity bean must have a primary key to uniquely identify the data.

4. Lifecycle: The lifecycle of an entity bean includes stages such as creation, loading, storing,
and removal.

Advantages of Entity Beans:

 Simplifies database access in large-scale applications.

 Provides automatic transaction management.

 Supports distributed transactions and scalability.