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Energy Demand Forecasting For Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain-Based Federated Learning

The document presents a blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) scheme for predicting energy demand at electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, addressing challenges such as communication overhead and latency. It utilizes various linear regression algorithms and a large dataset from EV charging stations to achieve high accuracy in energy predictions. The proposed system emphasizes user privacy and security while optimizing predictive models for real-world applications in the energy sector.

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Manju Nath
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100 views8 pages

Energy Demand Forecasting For Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain-Based Federated Learning

The document presents a blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) scheme for predicting energy demand at electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, addressing challenges such as communication overhead and latency. It utilizes various linear regression algorithms and a large dataset from EV charging stations to achieve high accuracy in energy predictions. The proposed system emphasizes user privacy and security while optimizing predictive models for real-world applications in the energy sector.

Uploaded by

Manju Nath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy Demand Forecasting for Electric Vehicles

Using Blockchain-Based Federated Learning


ABSTRACT

The widespread adoption of electric cars (EVs) can be attributed to their many
advantages over conventional gas-powered automobiles. However, there may be
difficulties in incorporating EVs into the grid due to increased energy demand and
peak load. We propose a blockchain-based federated learning scheme using different
linear regression algorithms for energy demand prediction for EVs. The information
gathered from EVs is stored on the blockchain network. Only those with the proper
credentials can decrypt the data from its encrypted storage. Data from EVs is utilized
to train a machine learning model with the use of a federated learning algorithm.
Each EV is used to train a model, and then the models’ parameters are distributed
throughout the blockchain. Our approach is innovative in analyzing of BCFL
communications overhead and latency issues, while delving deeper into its dynamics
to measure and reduce communication delays to maximize system efficiency. The
implementation results verify the effectiveness of our system in anticipating EVs’
energy requirements. For the training of the BCFL model, a huge real-world dataset
was used from over 60,000 transactions at EV charging stations in Boulder city,
Colorado. The results show that the framework is reliable, since all the models have
R2 values above 0.91, which indicates a high degree of accuracy in predicting energy
use.
EXISTING SYSTEM

Federated learning algorithms have grown increasingly prominent in machine


learning due to their decentralized structure and capacity for protecting privacy [2].
They utilize deep neural networks within federated learning frameworks in order to
represent complex relationships or high dimensional data [3]. McMahan et al. [2]
provided an in-depth introduction of Federated Averaging Algorithm which serves as
a cornerstone for many subsequent research papers in Federated learning.

Dedeoglu et al. [4] present a novel approach for demand reshaping of electric vehicle
(EV) charging demand through federated learning-based demand reshaping using
deep reinforcement learning algorithm combined with federated learning to achieve
decentralized and privacy-preserving demand reshaping mechanism. Simulation
studies provide compelling proof of effectiveness compared to traditional centralized
learning method; however they fail to address potential communication overhead and
latency introduced by federated learning which might play significant roles in real
world implementations. As more EVs enter the marketplace, energy demand
forecasting becomes essential for effective charging station administration and grid
stability. Several studies have applied deep learning techniques, such as
convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), for
energy demand prediction in EV charging stations [5], [6]. However, these
centralized approaches may lead to privacy concerns and data leakage.

The integration of federated learning with deep neural networks for EV energy
demand prediction addresses these concerns. For instance, Saputra et al. [7] proposed
a federated learning-based approach using deep neural networks to predict energy
consumption patterns for EV charging stations. Their approach allowed the stations
to collaboratively train a global model while preserving the privacy of local
data.

Blockchain technology has been proposed as a secure and decentralized means for
managing the federated learning process [8] by incorporating blockchain networks,
EV charging stations can participate in training and testing the model while
maintaining data integrity and security.

A blockchain based federated learning system for the internet of vehicles was
proposed by Wang et al. [9], which would use the consortium blockchain and
homomorphic encryption to secure locally-applied model changes. The simulation
studies offer strong evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed method compared
to the traditional centralized learning method. However, it does not discuss the
potential impact of communication overhead and latency introduced by federated
learning, which may be significant factors in real-world implementations.

Mengelkamp et al. [10] proved that blockchain technology might be used to create
reliable local energy markets. They developed a blockchain-based distributed energy
management system, which would facilitate safe and transparent energy trading
between individuals. Furthermore, this research laid the groundwork for future
investigations of blockchain for predicting electric vehicle energy needs.

Tun et al. [11] presented a federated learning approach for demand forecasting in
smart grids. Given the growing importance of energy management systems within
electric vehicles (EV), auhtors highlighted benefits such as privacy preservation and
decentralized computation through this form of learning. Zinkevich et al. [12]
proposed a decentralized machine learning model referred to as ‘‘one-shot parameter
averaging’’ that used parallel stochastic gradient descent (SGD). A final
communication round was utilized in this architecture in order to generate
suboptimal central models; SGD optimized trainers then trained local models using
local data sets.Data distribution across nodes and using one-shot parameter averaging
on non-SVM ML architectures were not taken into account, which are important
factors.
Disadvantages
• The complexity of data: Most of the existing machine learning models must be able
to accurately interpret large and complex datasets to detect Energy Demand
Forecasting.
• Data availability: Most machine learning models require large amounts of data to
create accurate predictions. If data is unavailable in sufficient quantities, then model
accuracy may suffer.
• Incorrect labeling: The existing machine learning models are only as accurate as the
data trained using the input dataset. If the data has been incorrectly labeled, the
model cannot make accurate predictions.

Proposed System

• Application of machine learning techniques with particular attention paid to


Blockchain-Based Federated Learning (BCFL), to predict energy consumption in
electric vehicle (EV) charging stations.
• Addressing rising energy demands while protecting user security and maintaining
user privacy.
• Utilization of methods including Decision Tree, LASSO Regression, Random
Forest, Ridge Regression and MLP Neural Network can accurately estimate energy
consumption; all algorithms being thoroughly tested using publicly available
datasets.
• Thorough investigation of communication overhead and latency within BCFL
frameworks for energy demand prediction at electric vehicle charging stations.
We explore its complex dynamics, with particular attention paid to quantifying and
mitigating communication delays which impact system efficiency; our novel
approach stands out as offering key insight into optimizing BCFL frameworks for
real world applications in energy sector thus creating more resilient yet efficient
predictive models.

Advantages

 This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Federated Learning (BCFL) scheme


by using different linear regression algorithms to predict the energy demand at
electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The overview of the proposed BCFL
architecture is shown in the proposed system.
 The network model consists of electric vehicle charging points at different
charging stations. Each charging station receives electricity from the electrical
grid in order to power EVs. Each charging station collects its local dataset
consisting of features such as the station’s name, the start time of charging, the
effective charging time, energy consumed, and other details. In a
corresponding log file, the charging history of all electric vehicles at a
particular charging station can be viewed.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

➢ H/W System Configuration:-

➢ Processor - Pentium –IV


➢ RAM - 4 GB (min)
➢ Hard Disk - 20 GB
➢ Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
➢ Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
➢ Monitor - SVGA

Software Requirements:
 Operating System - Windows XP
 Coding Language - Java/J2EE(JSP,Servlet)
 Front End - J2EE
 Back End - MySQL

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