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Lec 20

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4 views9 pages

Lec 20

Uploaded by

Umar Bazaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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208503 Signals and Systems

Lecture 20
Laplace Transform
Properties of Region of Convergence
Inverse Laplace Transform
Article 9.1 , 9.2, 9.3
22.03.2021
Laplace Transform
• The two-sided (or bilateral) Laplace Transform of a function is defined
as:

f (t ) 
L
 F ( s)

• It is a function of the independent variable corresponding to the


complex variable in the exponent of . The complex variable can
be written as with and the real and imaginary parts
respectively.
• The Laplace transform is a well established mathematical technique
for solving differential equations since the transformed equations are
algebraic and hence easy to manipulate.
• Laplace transform can be applied to the analysis of many unstable
systems and consequently play an important role in the investigation
of the stability and instability of systems.
2
The s plane

3
Example 1: Laplace Transform of a
unit step function
• Let us consider the Laplace Transform of some basic signals, so
is going to be a signal.
• .

• The Laplace transform of the unit step function exists only if the
real part of s is greater than zero. We denote this by

where Re(s) denotes the real part of s.


• Therefore the following transform pair exists

4
Region Of Convergence (ROC)
• From the previous example

• We can see that LT of u(t) exists if Re(s)>0.


• Whether the Laplace transform of a function exists or not
depends on the complex variable s as well as the signal itself.
• All complex values of s for which the integral in the definition
converges form a region of convergence (ROC) in the s-plane.
• s exists if and only if the argument s is inside the ROC.
• As the imaginary part of the complex variable s has no effect in
terms of the convergence, the ROC is determined solely by the
real part .

5
Example 2:

• The transform exists only if Re(s+a) is positive or Re(s+a)>0

• If a is real, the ROC is Re(s)>-a


• If a is complex, the ROC is Re(s)>-Re(a)

6
Example 3:

( )
→

• The transform exists only if Re(s+a) is negative or Re(s+a)<0


• If a is real, the ROC is Re(s)<-a
• If a is complex, the ROC is Re(s)<-Re(a)

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Significance of ROC

• Same LT may correspond to different time domain function


depending on ROC.
8
Example 4: Shifted impulse

• As the Laplace integration converges independent of s, the


ROC is the entire s-plane.
• In particular, when T=0, we have

ROC: Entire s plane

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