IUBAT - International University of Business

Agriculture and Technology

Group Name:Trojan Horse
Section:B

LAB REPORT
Corse Name:Fundamental of Electronics and digital System
Course code:232

Name of the experiment

Design and develop an automatic on /off fan

Submitted By:
MD.Easin-23103167
Tanzida Rahman-23103024
laxmi Sarkaer-23103189

Submitted To:
DR.Md. Hasibur RashidChayon
Associate Professor

Submission Date:24/04/2024
Table of Contents
1. Abstract………………………………………………2
2. Chapter 1: 1.1Introduction…………………………....3

1.2Objectives……………………………....3
1.3Scops and limitations…………..……….3
1.4Overview of Methodology……..………4
3. Chapter 2: Theoretical Background………..…..……4
2.1 physical components …………………..…..4
2.2Electrical components………………………5
4. Chapter 3: Project Development…………………………7
3.1Project description………………………..7
3.2Experiment………………………………..10
5. Chapter 4: Experiments &Results………………………..11
4.1Experiment…………………………………12
4.2Result……………………………………….12
6. Chapter 5:5.1 Conclusion………………………………..…13
5.2References……………………….……………13

List of Figure
1..Arduoino Uno…………………………………………………5
2.. Motor Driver …………………………………………………5
3. Temperature Sensor…………………….……………………….6
4..HC-05 Bluetooth Module ………………………….................... 6
5.Fan…………………………….…………………………………11

PAGE 1
 Abstract
When it's hot outside, utilizing a fan is a less expensive option than
turning on an air conditioner, especially in certain places where high
temperatures are typical. However, certain issues have emerged, such as
students forgetting to switch off when they're not using it in the
classroom or they leave the class room , These lead to higher electricity
bills since the fan is left on when not in use, and they can also result in
calamities like fires when the motor overheats. A prototype of smart fan
was built in this project using aurdiunouno , LM35 temperature sensor ,dc
motor ,blutoothcheap,motordriver.These are used to measure temperature
for on and off the user .It helped to lower energy usage based on the
intended audience. This project uses the pulse width modulation
technology, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and a temperature sensor
(the LM35) to simulate and construct a DC fan control system depending
on ambient temperature.The purpose of the fan is to lower a room's
temperature to a predetermined point. We use the LM35 heat sensor to
construct the fan. The temperature of the room will be continuously
measured by the sensor Until the temperature drops below the threshold,
the fan will continue to run. This project makes advantage of this broad
concept.

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Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1Background and Importance of the Topic:

As technology continues to evolve, the need for more intelligent, automated systems
in everyday life has grown significantly. The increasing demand for energy-efficient
devices that not only enhance comfort but also conserve resources has driven
innovation in various household appliances. One such device that is commonly used
for temperature control in both residential and commercial spaces is the electric fan.
Fans help to regulate temperature by creating airflow that cools the surrounding
environment, but they require constant manual operation. When left on unnecessarily,
they can waste significant amounts of energy.

The concept of automating fan control has gained popularity, especially with the
advancement of microcontroller-based systems. By integrating sensors and
microcontrollers like Arduino, it is possible to develop an intelligent fan control
system that can automatically adjust its operation based on the surrounding
temperature. This system aims to improve comfort while reducing energy
consumption, which is particularly important in a world focused on sustainability. The
importance of this project lies in its ability to create an energy-efficient, cost-effective
solution that is easy to implement and scalable to various environments.

1.2Objectives of the Project:

The primary goal of this project is to design and implement an automated

temperature-controlled fan system that adjusts its operation based on environmental
conditions. The specific objectives of the project include:

Energy Efficiency: The system will automatically control the fan’s operation
based on the ambient temperature, ensuring it runs only when needed. This
reduces energy consumption, as the fan will be switched off when the
temperature is within the comfortable range or when the room is cool enough.

Temperature-based Fan Control: Using temperature sensors such as the

LM35, the system will measure the surrounding temperature and activate the
fan when the temperature exceeds a certain threshold. Once the temperature
drops below the set value, the fan will be turned off, thus maintaining a
comfortable environment without manual intervention.

Hands-Free Operation: This system offers a hands-free solution for fan

control, eliminating the need for users to manually turn the fan on or off. This
is particularly useful in situations where it is inconvenient or difficult to
operate the fan manually, such as when the fan is in a high or hard-to-reach
position.

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 Educational Value: The project serves as an excellent educational tool,
allowing individuals to gain practical experience with Arduino programming,
sensor integration, and the basics of electronic circuits. It also provides an
introduction to the principles of automation and control systems.

1.3Motivation Behind the Experiment:

The motivation behind this project stems from the growing need for systems that
optimize the use of energy, especially in everyday appliances. In an era where
sustainability and energy conservation are more important than ever, creating an
intelligent system that can automatically adjust the operation of household devices
like fans provides both environmental and economic benefits. By incorporating
temperature-based control, the system ensures that the fan runs only when necessary,
reducing unnecessary power consumption.

In addition to energy savings, the project allows for hands-on learning and the
development of skills in electronics and programming. The use of Arduino as a
microcontroller platform makes this project accessible to both beginners and more
advanced users, providing an opportunity to explore the integration of hardware and
software in a practical context. The project is also motivated by the desire to
demonstrate how simple yet effective technology can be used to improve daily life,
providing comfort and convenience through automation.

1.4Overview of the Digital Logic Concept or Problem Being Addressed:

At the core of this project lies the application of digital logic and control systems. The
fan control system is based on the concept of automated decision-making, where the
system continuously reads data from the temperature sensor and makes decisions
based on predefined thresholds. This process is similar to a basic logic circuit that
evaluates an input (in this case, the temperature) and produces an output (turning the
fan on or off).

The project uses an LM35 temperature sensor to measure the ambient temperature,
and the Arduino Uno microcontroller processes this data to determine if the fan
should be activated. When the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold, the
Arduino sends a signal to the motor driver, turning the fan on. When the temperature
drops below the threshold, the fan is automatically turned off. The implementation of
this system using digital logic ensures that the fan only operates when necessary,
making the entire process both efficient and automated.

The use of an Arduino microcontroller to handle the logic and control the fan is an
application of basic digital logic principles, where the fan is either in an "on" or "off"
state based on the sensor input. This project provides an opportunity to explore how
digital logic can be applied to everyday devices, making them smarter and more
efficient.

1.5Key Outcomes:

The key outcomes of this project include:

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 Automated Fan Control: A fully functional system that automatically adjusts
the fan’s operation based on real-time temperature data. This ensures that the
fan runs only when needed, providing comfort and reducing energy
consumption.

Energy Conservation: By optimizing the fan’s usage based on temperature

thresholds, the system helps reduce electricity costs and environmental impact.
The system’s energy efficiency contributes to long-term savings on electricity
bills.

Educational and Practical Value: The project offers a hands-on learning

experience, allowing individuals to gain practical knowledge in Arduino
programming, sensor integration, and digital logic. It also highlights the
potential of automation in everyday applications, showing how technology can
be used to improve both comfort and sustainability.

User-Friendly System: The fan operates automatically without the need for
manual control, making it more convenient and efficient for users. This system
can be implemented in various settings, from homes to offices, improving the
user experience.

Scalability and Flexibility: The system is adaptable and can be scaled or

customized to fit different requirements, such as adjusting temperature
thresholds or adding more sensors for improved functionality. It can also be
extended to include other environmental factors like humidity or occupancy.

Chapter 2
Theoretical Background

2.1Explanation of Relevant Theories and Principles:

This project is based on the principles of automation, control systems, and digital
logic. The key theory revolves around creating an automated decision-making system
using input data (temperature) to control an output device (fan). At its core, this
system employs a feedback control mechanism, where the temperature sensor
continuously monitors the environment and provides input to the Arduino
microcontroller. The microcontroller processes this data based on predefined
conditions (temperature thresholds) and sends control signals to the fan.

Key Theories Involved:

Control Systems Theory:

A control system operates by managing and regulating the behavior of other
devices or systems. In this project, the control system ensures the fan operates

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 only when the temperature surpasses a certain level, creating an energy-
efficient solution.

Sensor Technology:
The LM35 sensor is used to measure temperature. It provides an analog
voltage proportional to the ambient temperature, which is then converted into
a digital value using the Arduino’s ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter).

Microcontroller Programming:
The Arduino Uno acts as the brain of the system. It processes the sensor data
using programmed logic and executes commands to control the fan.

Digital Logic:
Digital logic is employed to make binary decisions—turning the fan "on" or
"off" based on the temperature input. This decision-making process mimics
simple logic gates, where inputs (temperature values) determine the output
(fan state).

2.2Description of Digital Components:

Microcontroller (Arduino Uno):

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It
serves as the main control unit in this project, processing sensor data and
controlling the fan. Key features include:

1. 14 digital input/output pins.

2. 6 analog inputs.
3. A 16 MHz quartz crystal.
4. Built-in ADC for converting analog signals from the
temperature sensor to digital values.

Arduino uno

Motor Driver and DC motor : it isused for controlling the speed .It also provides
direction control to the motor.The DC motor is responsible for driving the fan blades.

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 Motor driver

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

The Android application and microcontroller are connected via a Bluetooth module.
Information from the user is received by Arduino Uno microcontroller.

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

Temperature Sensor (LM35):

The LM35 is a precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor. It provides a linear
voltage output directly proportional to the temperature in degrees Celsius. It has the
following properties:

 Accuracy of ±0.5°C.
 Operates from 4 to 30V.
 Low self-heating and power consumption.

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 temperature sensor

2.3Boolean Algebra and Circuit Simplification Methods (If Applicable):

The logic for controlling the fan is based on simple conditional statements rather than
extensive Boolean algebra, but it can be represented as a basic Boolean function:

Let:

 TTT: Temperature value read from the sensor.

 TonT_{on}Ton: Threshold temperature to turn the fan on.
 ToffT_{off}Toff: Threshold temperature to turn the fan off.
 FFF: Fan state (1 = ON, 0 = OFF).

The fan's operation can be expressed as:

F={1if T≥Ton0if T≤ToffF = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } T \geq

T_{on} \\ 0 & \text{if } T \leq T_{off} \end{cases}F={10if T≥Ton
if T≤Toff

The Arduino simplifies this logic through programming, using if and else conditions
to check the temperature and control the fan.

Truth Tables, or Other Theoretical Tools:

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While Karnaugh maps are typically used for simplifying complex logic circuits, the
logic in this project is straightforward and does not require such tools. However, for
educational purposes, a truth table can represent the system's behaviour:

Fan State
Temperature (TTT)
(FFF)

T<ToffT < T_{off}T<Toff 0 (OFF)

Toff≤T<TonT_{off} \leq T < T_{on}Toff≤T<Ton 0 (OFF)

T≥TonT \geq T_{on}T≥Ton 1 (ON)

Here:

 TonT_{on}Ton: Predefined high threshold.

 ToffT_{off}Toff: Predefined low threshold (hysteresis to prevent
frequent switching).

Chapter 3
Project Development
3.1Project description
Using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, a LM35 temperature sensor, a DC motor, a
motor driver, and a Bluetooth module, we'll build an autonomous temperature-
controlled fan system in this project. In order to maintain a comfortable atmosphere,
the system will automatically modify the fan off or on based on ambient temperature
data collected from the sensor. it is possible to observe temperature by smartphone via
Bluetooth.
The ambient temperature is continuously monitored via the LM335 temperature
sensor.Temperature readings are used by the Arduino to decide whether to turn on the
fan.By the help of blutoothmodule,temperature is observed on smartphone.

Software Development (Arduino Code)

Initialize the Dallas Temperature sensor and Bluetooth serial communication.

Set up pin modes for motor control (IN1, IN2, ENA1, ENA2).

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Request temperature readings from the sensor and store them in the variable Celsius.

Print the temperature reading over the serial monitor.

Send temperature data over Bluetooth serial communication.

Check for any incoming data from Bluetooth.

If the temperature (Celsius) is less than 26°C, run the forward() function.

Otherwise, stop the motor using the stop() function.

Motor Control Functions:

forward(): Sets the motor to rotate

stop(): Stops the motor by setting all motor control pins to low and turning .

Introduce a delay of 2 seconds (2000 milliseconds) before the next iteration of the
loop.

code:

#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerialbluetooth(2, 3);

#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 9

#define ENA1 10
#define ENA2 11
#define IN1 5
#define IN2 6

OneWireoneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);

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DallasTemperaturesensors(&oneWire);

float Celsius = 0;

void setup() {
sensors.begin();
bluetooth.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ENA1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ENA2, OUTPUT);

void loop() {
sensors.requestTemperatures();
Celsius = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
Serial.print(Celsius);
Serial.print(" C ");

bluetooth.println("Temperature: ");
bluetooth.println(Celsius);
bluetooth.println(" °C");

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if (bluetooth.available() > 0) { // Check if data is available from Bluetooth
char value = bluetooth.read(); // Read data from Bluetooth
Serial.print(value);
}

if (Celsius < 26) {

stop();
}else{

forward();

delay(2000);
}

void forward() {

digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
analogWrite(ENA1, 200);
analogWrite(ENA2, 200);

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void stop() {

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
analogWrite(ENA1, 0);
analogWrite(ENA2, 0);

3.2Experiment
Allowing the fan moves according the increasing and decreasing of
temperature .when temperature will raise up to 26 it will moves on otherwise it
will be stop.keeping an eye on temperature .controlling the fan’s motion
andgetting temperature sensor data from a distance using Bluetooth
connectivity .

Chapter 4
Experiments and Results

4.1Experiment: We have to make sure that the Arduino Uno is correctly attached
to the components and turn it on and check if the temperature sensor is giving precise
readings.
Test the temperature threshold-based fan control. Make that the fan goes off when it is
under 26 degree temperature and on when it gets when it is over 26 .
By pairing the Bluetooth module with a smartphone and sending orders to manually
operate the fan

4.2 Result

The fan can move successfully without any kinds os obstacle .According to the
temperature it van aff or on automatically.

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 Fan on

Chapter 5

5.1Conclusion
The project's goal was to create an Arduino Uno microcontroller-based automatic
on/off fan system that was monitored by a temperature sensor and a Bluetooth
module. We were successful in achieving the following goals with the experiment:

In order to monitor ambient temperature correctly, connection between the Arduino

Uno and the temperature sensor was established.
adjust logic was implemented to adjust a DC fan's speed in response to temperature
thresholds, guaranteeing effective cooling when required.
Integrated Bluetooth technology allows for manual fan speed adjustment with a
mobile app.

Future Improvements:

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To produce smoother and more accurate fan speed adjustments, use more advanced
fan speed control algorithmsExamining ways to reduce power use, such using more
energy-efficient fan motors or putting components in sleep mode when they're idle.

5.2 REFERENCE

1.Junizan, N. A., Razak, A. A., Balakrishnan, B., & Othman, W. A. F. W. (2019).

Design and implementation of automatic room temperature controlled fan using
Arduino Uno and LM35 heat sensor. International Journal of Engineering Creativity
& Innovation, 1(2), 8-14.

2. Kanchanasatian, K. (2018, March). Automatic speed control and turning ON/OFF

for smart fan by temperature and ultrasonic sensor. In IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 325, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.

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