MYSQL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Why should we use MySQL?
• Fast, reliable, and easy to use.
• Protects sensitive data from intruders.
• Scalable and can handle huge amount of data.
• Compatible with almost every OS>
Order of MySQL Query execution?
• From & Joins
• Where ➔ Filter the base data
• Group by ➔Aggregate
• Having ➔ Filter aggregate data
• Select ➔returns final data
• Order by ➔sorts final data(asc & desc)
• Limit ➔ limits returned data to a row count
JOINS:
INNER JOINS:
It selects all rows from both the tables as long as the condition satisfies.
LEFT JOINS:
The joins returns all the rows of the table on the left side of the join and matching rows for the table
on the right side of join.
RIGHT JOINS:
The joins returns all the rows of the table on the right side of the join and matching rows for the
table on the left side of join.
FULL JOINS:
It selects both the LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN.
4.How many triggers are allowed In MySQL table?
• BEFORE INSERT
• AFTER INSERT
• BEFORE UPDATE
• AFTER UPDATE
• BEFORE DELETE
• AFTER DELETE
UNION:
• Combines returns from multiple SELECT Queries.
• Returns all distinct rows.
UNION ALL:
Returns all rows from the tables meeting the Query.
MINUS:
Returns all di.stinct rows selected by first query but not second query.
INTERSECT:
Intersection of both the queries.
DELETE:
• Delete command is used to delete a row in a table.
• You can rollback data after using delete statement.
• It is a DML command.
• It is a slower than truncate.
TRUNCATE:
• Truncate is used to delete all the rows from the table.
• You cannot rollback data.
• It is DDL command.
• It is faster.
CHAR:
• Stores data is fixed length format.
• Strings smaller than specified length and padded with space characters.
• Used in smaller data.
• Comparativelyfaster.
VARCHAR:
• Stores values in variable length.
• No padding of spaces
• Used to store large data
• Comparatively slow.
Data Manipulating language(DML):
• SELECT ➔ This is used to print the data.
• INSERT-➔ This key is used to insert the values.
• UPDATE ➔ This key is used to change the data.
• DELETE-➔ This key is used to delete the column.
Data Definition Language(DDL):
• CREATE: Used to create table.
• ALTER or RENAME : To change the table name.
• DROP: The table will be remove .
• TRUNCATE: It Is used to delete all the rows from the table.
Transcatlon Control Language (TCL):
• COMMIT: This key Is used In SQL by default.
• To remove this we can write the Query
• Set autocommlt=0;
• Rollback;
ROLLBACK:
This key Is used to get the data what we Insert.
CONSTRAINTS:
o NOT NULL
o CHECK
o DEFAULT
o PRIMARY KEY
o AUTO_INCREMENT
o UNIQUE
o INDEX
o ENUM
o FOREIGN KEY
1.NOTNULl:
All values In column-- ➔ non empty.
Ex: Create table employee(
ID Int NOT NULL,
EmpName Varchar(255) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE Employee
MODIFY EmpName NOT NULL;
2.UNIQUE:
All values in column - ➔ different
Ex :ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
ID int NOT NULL,
Name varchar(255)
CONSTRAINTS id_c UNIQUE(ID)
);
3. PRIMARY KEY:
UNIQUE + NOT NULL
A table can have ONE Primary key, but can have MANY unique constraints.
Ex: Create Table Employee(
ID int NOT NULL,
Name varchar (255),
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
);
4. FOREIGN KEY:
To maintain integrity of data
Ex: Create table employee(
ID int NOT NULL,
name varchar (255),
Dep_id int,
PRIMARY KEY (ID),
FOREIGN KEY (Dep_id)
REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(Oep_ld
);
S.CHECK:
Ex: Create table employee(
ID int NOT NULL,
Age int,
CHECK {Age>= 23)
);
AUTO_INREMENT:
► If you want to increase the id by default without providing id value, we have to use
AUTO_INCREMENT
ENUM:
► It's a kind of varchar values, but it allows selected values only
► gender ENUM('male', 'female', 'others'),
Default:
► it will take some default value if you are not declared
► suppose nationality INDIA by default
INDEX:
► This constraint allows us to create and retrieve values from the table very quickly and easily.
An index can be created using one or more than one column.
► It assigns a ROWID for each row in that way they were inserted into the table
► CREATE INDEX idx_name ON gender (name);
Difference b/w where and having dause?
Where:
WHERE Clause is used to filter the records from the table or used while joining more t han one
table.
HAVING:
HAVING Clause is used to filter the rec.ords from the groups based on the given condition in the
HAVING Clause.
