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MySQL Document

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MySQL Document

Uploaded by

siva kick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MYSQL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Why should we use MySQL?

• Fast, reliable, and easy to use.


• Protects sensitive data from intruders.
• Scalable and can handle huge amount of data.
• Compatible with almost every OS>

Order of MySQL Query execution?

• From & Joins


• Where ➔ Filter the base data
• Group by ➔Aggregate
• Having ➔ Filter aggregate data
• Select ➔returns final data
• Order by ➔sorts final data(asc & desc)
• Limit ➔ limits returned data to a row count

JOINS:

INNER JOINS:

It selects all rows from both the tables as long as the condition satisfies.

LEFT JOINS:
The joins returns all the rows of the table on the left side of the join and matching rows for the table
on the right side of join.

RIGHT JOINS:

The joins returns all the rows of the table on the right side of the join and matching rows for the
table on the left side of join.

FULL JOINS:
It selects both the LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN.

4.How many triggers are allowed In MySQL table?

• BEFORE INSERT
• AFTER INSERT
• BEFORE UPDATE
• AFTER UPDATE
• BEFORE DELETE
• AFTER DELETE
UNION:

• Combines returns from multiple SELECT Queries.


• Returns all distinct rows.

UNION ALL:
Returns all rows from the tables meeting the Query.

MINUS:
Returns all di.stinct rows selected by first query but not second query.

INTERSECT:
Intersection of both the queries.

DELETE:
• Delete command is used to delete a row in a table.
• You can rollback data after using delete statement.
• It is a DML command.
• It is a slower than truncate.

TRUNCATE:

• Truncate is used to delete all the rows from the table.


• You cannot rollback data.
• It is DDL command.
• It is faster.

CHAR:

• Stores data is fixed length format.


• Strings smaller than specified length and padded with space characters.
• Used in smaller data.
• Comparativelyfaster.

VARCHAR:

• Stores values in variable length.


• No padding of spaces
• Used to store large data
• Comparatively slow.

Data Manipulating language(DML):

• SELECT ➔ This is used to print the data.


• INSERT-➔ This key is used to insert the values.
• UPDATE ➔ This key is used to change the data.
• DELETE-➔ This key is used to delete the column.

Data Definition Language(DDL):


• CREATE: Used to create table.
• ALTER or RENAME : To change the table name.
• DROP: The table will be remove .
• TRUNCATE: It Is used to delete all the rows from the table.

Transcatlon Control Language (TCL):

• COMMIT: This key Is used In SQL by default.


• To remove this we can write the Query
• Set autocommlt=0;
• Rollback;

ROLLBACK:

This key Is used to get the data what we Insert.

CONSTRAINTS:

o NOT NULL
o CHECK
o DEFAULT
o PRIMARY KEY
o AUTO_INCREMENT
o UNIQUE
o INDEX
o ENUM
o FOREIGN KEY

1.NOTNULl:

All values In column-- ➔ non empty.

Ex: Create table employee(

ID Int NOT NULL,

EmpName Varchar(255) NOT NULL

);

ALTER TABLE Employee

MODIFY EmpName NOT NULL;

2.UNIQUE:
All values in column - ➔ different

Ex :ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE


CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(

ID int NOT NULL,

Name varchar(255)

CONSTRAINTS id_c UNIQUE(ID)

);

3. PRIMARY KEY:

UNIQUE + NOT NULL

A table can have ONE Primary key, but can have MANY unique constraints.

Ex: Create Table Employee(

ID int NOT NULL,

Name varchar (255),

PRIMARY KEY(ID)

);

4. FOREIGN KEY:
To maintain integrity of data

Ex: Create table employee(

ID int NOT NULL,

name varchar (255),

Dep_id int,

PRIMARY KEY (ID),

FOREIGN KEY (Dep_id)

REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(Oep_ld

);

S.CHECK:

Ex: Create table employee(


ID int NOT NULL,
Age int,

CHECK {Age>= 23)

);

AUTO_INREMENT:

► If you want to increase the id by default without providing id value, we have to use
AUTO_INCREMENT

ENUM:

► It's a kind of varchar values, but it allows selected values only


► gender ENUM('male', 'female', 'others'),

Default:

► it will take some default value if you are not declared


► suppose nationality INDIA by default

INDEX:

► This constraint allows us to create and retrieve values from the table very quickly and easily.
An index can be created using one or more than one column.
► It assigns a ROWID for each row in that way they were inserted into the table
► CREATE INDEX idx_name ON gender (name);

Difference b/w where and having dause?


Where:
WHERE Clause is used to filter the records from the table or used while joining more t han one
table.

HAVING:

HAVING Clause is used to filter the rec.ords from the groups based on the given condition in the
HAVING Clause.

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