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Metals

This document provides an overview of metals, detailing their properties, classifications, and various types, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes specific metals such as cast iron, stainless steel, and mild steel, along with their uses and characteristics. Additionally, it explains methods for altering the structure and properties of metals, such as work hardening, annealing, tempering, and case hardening.

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6 views2 pages

Metals

This document provides an overview of metals, detailing their properties, classifications, and various types, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes specific metals such as cast iron, stainless steel, and mild steel, along with their uses and characteristics. Additionally, it explains methods for altering the structure and properties of metals, such as work hardening, annealing, tempering, and case hardening.

Uploaded by

zvandasaratanatswa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IGCSE Design & Technology

6M​ etals
This revision sheet is created by Jolyn Yin

Please note: ​No part of this document may be adapted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from Jolyn Yin

Contact info: [email protected] or Wechat ID: JolynY

6. Metals
● Metal ​are mined from rocks on earth’s surface in raw form of ore then extracted and
processed through crushing, heating and adding chemical
● Ferrous metal ​are metal that contain iron (has iron properties) and are magnetic, conduct
heat & electricity, react with water, corrode and have higher melting point (1200°)

Name Description Uses

Cast Iron (1200°) ● Brittle, corrodes by rusting ● Casting, base metal for
all steel alloy, manhole
covers, car brake disc

Stainless Steel* ● Hard, corrosion and water ● Cutlery, kitchen


(1400°) resistant equipment, sanitary
● Iron, nickel, magnesium & and surgical
chromium equipment

High speed Steel* ● Very brittle and strong ● Drill bits, lathe tools
(HSS) (1400°) resistance to wear and milling cutter
● Iron, tungsten,vanadium &
chromium

Mild steel* (1600°) ● Tough, ductile, malleable, ● General purpose


good tensile strength and engineering and
poor resistance to corrosion construction material
● Nuts, bolts & car body
panel

High Carbon Steel* ● Hard, tough but increase it ● Cutting tools, ball

1
(1800°) carbon makes it brittle bearings, hand tools,
● Can be heat treated to screwdrivers,
enhance property hammers, chisel and
saws
● Non-ferrous metal​ are metal that does not contain ion and are not magnetic
● Changing the structure and properties of a metal
○ Work hardening​ is continuously bending, hitting or shaping a non-ferrous metal
over a period of time to strengthen the metal making it more rigid and less likely to
bend
■ Planishing is intentionally hitting the copper with planishing hammer which
hardens the copper with each strike after it’s been shaped
○ Annealing​ is heating metal to a specific temperature and cooled which changes
the molecular structure so that it’s softened and workable after work hardening
■ Temperature required is indicated by colour, eg red fro mild steel
■ Rubbing on soap and heating it till black and allow it to cool from right
temperature
○ Tempering​ removes the brittleness from hardened mettle and make it more
usable
■ By forming the metal into the desired shape and heating till 900°~ (turns
red) then plunged into cold water
■ To remove brittleness and retain the strength, the metal is cleaned and
gradually reheated till blue line appears then it can either be quenched in
coldwater, oil or dissipates heat away from larger metal
○ Case hardening (mild steel)​: is quicker by only hardening the surface of the metal
of outer 0.05mm which is less precise and easy
■ By heating mild steel to red colour and dipped into hardening compound
high in carbon then temperature raise again till it glows red lastly plunged
into cold water
■ Core is unhardened so retains greater malleability and flexibility for easy
working
■ Increase depth of hardened surface by repeating process

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