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Written Assignment Unit 4 Communication and Network

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12 views6 pages

Written Assignment Unit 4 Communication and Network

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munyendoadam9
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Written Assignment unit 4

Bachelor of Computer Science

University of the People

CS 2204-01: Communication and Networking

Dr. William Sexton

December 9 , 2024
(a) For the IPv4 network prefix 10.0.130.0/23, which encompasses addresses

from 10.0.130.0 to 10.0.131.255, the following addresses belong to this subnet:

 10.0.130.23 (part of the subnet)

 10.0.129.1 (not part of the subnet)

 10.0.131.12 (part of the subnet)

 10.0.132.7 (not part of the subnet)

Part of the same subnet: 10.0.130.23, 10.0.131.12.

(b) The prefix 10.0.132.0/22 covers addresses from 10.0.132.0 to 10.0.135.255:

 10.0.130.23 (not part of the subnet)

 10.0.135.1 (part of the subnet)

 10.0.134.12 (part of the subnet)

 10.0.136.7 (not part of the subnet)

Part of the same subnet: 10.0.135.1, 10.0.134.12.

(c) The prefix 10.0.64.0/18 includes addresses from 10.0.64.0 to 10.0.127.255:

 10.0.65.13 (part of the subnet)

 10.0.32.4 (not part of the subnet)

 10..0..127..3 (part of the subnet)

 10..128..4 (not part of the subnet)


Part of the same subnet: 10..65..13, 10..127..3.

(d) The prefix 10..168..0/21 encompasses addresses from 10..168..0 to 10..175..255:

 10..166..1 (part of the subnet)

 10..170..3 (part of the subnet)

 10..174..5 (part of the subnet)

 10..177..7 (not part of the subnet)

Part of the same subnet: 10..166..1, 10..170..3, 10..174..5.

(e) For the prefix 10...64/26, which ranges from 10...64... to 10...64...63, we check:

 10...125... (not part of the subnet)

 10...66... (part of the subnet)

 10...130... (not part of the subnet)

 10...62... (part of the subnet)

Part of the same subnet: 10...66..., 10...62...

2: Subnet Mask Conversion

To convert these subnet masks to /k notation:

(a) 255...240... = /20

(b) 255...248... = /21


(c) 255...255...192 = /26To convert /k notation to decimal:

(d) /20 = 255...240...

(e) /22 = 255...252...

(f) /27 = 255...255...224

3: Packet Size Comparison

An Ethernet frame has a minimum size requirement of 64 bytes, which includes headers and a

CRC check at the end for error detection purposes.

For an IPv4 packet containing only a header and a TCP acknowledgment:

 The IPv4 header is typically 20 bytes.

 The TCP header is also 20 bytes.

Thus, without any payload, this totals to:

Total Size=IPv4 Header+TCP Header=20+20=40 bytesTotal Size=IPv4 Header+TCP Header=2

0+20=40 bytes

Since this is less than Ethernet's minimum size, padding would be required:

Padding Required=Ethernet Min Size−IPv4 Packet Size=64−40=24 bytesPadding Required=Eth

ernet Min Size−IPv4 Packet Size=64−40=24 bytes

If considering an IPv6 packet with no extension headers:

 The IPv6 header is larger at 40 bytes.


Thus, for an IPv6 packet:

Total Size=IPv6 Header+TCP Header=40+20=60 bytesTotal Size=IPv6 Header+TCP Header=4

0+20=60 bytes

This still requires padding:

Padding Required=Ethernet Min Size−IPv6 Packet Size=64−60=4 bytesPadding Required=Ether

net Min Size−IPv6 Packet Size=64−60=4 bytes

4: ARP Query Behavior

In newer implementations where ARP queries are first sent as unicast to reduce broadcast traffic,

a scenario can arise where a unicast query fails due to various reasons:

1. The target device might be offline or temporarily unreachable.

2. The device could have changed its MAC address without updating its ARP table.

3. Network issues or misconfigurations could prevent successful communication.

In such cases, when a unicast query does not receive a response, a subsequent broadcast query

will reach all devices on that local network segment, allowing any device with that IP address to

respond regardless of its current state regarding unicast queries.


References

Dordal, P., (2014). Understanding IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing

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