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Digital Elec Unit 4

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34 views5 pages

Digital Elec Unit 4

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munyendoadam9
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Bachelor of Computer Science

University of the People


CS 1105-01 Digital Electronics & Computer Architecture
Dr. Yogi Gibson
September 1, 2024
Designing a Digital Calculator for Binary Arithmetic

1. Design and Development of Binary Modules

To create a digital calculator that performs binary arithmetic operations—addition, subtraction,


multiplication, and division—we will design separate modules for each operation. Each module will be
implemented using fundamental logic gates and algorithms suitable for binary computation.

A. Binary Adder Module

 Design: The binary adder can be designed using full adders, which consist of XOR, AND, and OR
gates. A full adder takes three inputs: two significant bits and a carry-in bit. The outputs will be
the sum bit and a carry-out bit.

 Operation: The addition follows the binary addition rules:

 0+0=0

 0+1=1

 1+0=1

 1 + 1 = 0 (carry 1 to the next bit)

B. Binary Subtractor Module

 Design: The binary subtractor can be implemented using a combination of full adders configured
to perform subtraction by employing two's complement for negative results.

 Operation: The subtraction follows the rules:

 Borrowing is required when subtracting a larger bit from a smaller one.

C. Binary Multiplier Module

 Design: The multiplier can be designed using shift-and-add methods. For each bit in the
multiplier, if it is set (1), the multiplicand is added to the result shifted left by the current
position.

 Operation: This method is like decimal multiplication but uses binary values:

 Multiply each bit and shift accordingly.

D. Binary Divider Module

 Design: The divider can be implemented using repeated subtraction or restoring division
methods, which involve checking if the divisor can fit into the dividend at each step.

 Operation: This mimics long division in decimal but use binary values.
2. Integration and Organization of Modules

To ensure seamless mathematical operations, we will integrate these modules into a central processing
unit (CPU) of the calculator:

 Central Control Unit: This unit will manage inputs from users and direct them to the appropriate
arithmetic module based on the selected operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, or
division).

 Data Bus System: A data bus will facilitate communication between modules, allowing for easy
transfer of input data and results.

 User Interface: A simple graphical user interface (GUI) will allow users to input binary numbers
and select operations. The interface will display results after calculations are performed.

3. Examples of Binary Calculations

Here are detailed examples demonstrating each operation:

A. Addition Example

 Binary Numbers: 1011 (11 in decimal) + 1101 (13 in decimal)

 Calculation:

text

Carry: 111

1011

+ 1101

------

11000 (24 in decimal)

B. Subtraction Example

 Binary Numbers: 1100 (12 in decimal) - 0101 (5 in decimal)

 Calculation:

text

Borrow: 1

1100
- 0101

------

0011 (7 in decimal)

C. Multiplication Example

 Binary Numbers: 101 (5 in decimal) * 011 (3 in decimal)

 Calculation:

text

101

x 011

------

101 (5 * 1)

000 (5 * 0, shifted left)

+1010 (5 * 1, shifted left twice)

------

1111 (15 in decimal)

D. Division Example

 Binary Numbers: 11010 (26 in decimal) ÷ 011 (3 in decimal)

 Calculation:

text

Quotient:

Remainder:

Steps:

- Check if divisor fits into dividend.

- Perform repeated subtraction.

Result would yield 10010 with a remainder of 00.


4. Advantages and Challenges of Binary Arithmetic

Advantages:

 Simplicity of Logic Design: Binary arithmetic simplifies circuit design due to only needing two
states (0 and 1).

 Efficiency in Computation: Operations are faster as they require fewer resources compared to
decimal systems.

Challenges:

 Complexity in Human Interpretation: Humans find it more challenging to work with binary
numbers compared to decimal numbers.

 Limited Representation: Larger numbers require more bits, which can complicate calculations
and increase processing time.

5. Significance of Designing a Binary Calculator

Creating a digital calculator that displays binary arithmetic enhances understanding of number systems
and mathematical operations by:

 Providing practical experience with binary calculations.

 Demonstrating how computers perform arithmetic operations internally.

 Encouraging exploration of digital logic design principles essential for computer science and
engineering fields.

By engaging with such projects, students gain valuable skills that are applicable across various domains.

Conclusion

In conclusion, designing a digital calculator that implements binary arithmetic operations not only
displays the efficiency of binary computation but also serves as an educational tool for understanding
fundamental concepts in number systems.

References

Harris, D. M., & Harris, S. L. (2015). Digital Design and Computer Architecture. Morgan Kaufmann.
Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Database Systems (7th ed.). Pearson. Feel free to
modify any section or let me know if you need further assistance!

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