Core Java
Strings and Immutability
Why is String immutable?
Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder
Why is String thread-safe in Java?
What is StringJoiner in Java 8?
Exceptions and Error Handling
What are checked and unchecked exceptions?
Explain exception handling.
What is the difference between throw and throws?
Overriding exception rules
What is ConcurrentModificationException?
Collections and Data Structures
How does HashMap work internally?
What is the difference between HashMap and ConcurrentHashMap?
Give an example of a thread-safe collection in Java.
Difference between HashSet and TreeSet
Will ConcurrentModificationException occur with HashTable?
What is ComputeIfAbsent in ConcurrentHashMap?
How do locks work in ConcurrentHashMap?
Explain fail-fast vs fail-safe iterators.
Multithreading and Concurrency
How does multithreading work in Java?
Why do wait and notify methods belong to the Object class?
What is a deadlock in Java and how can it be prevented?
What is the Executor framework?
What is the Callable interface?
Explain the Future interface.
When should parallel stream be used in Java 8?
OOP Concepts and Design Patterns
What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?
Difference between == and equals() method
Explain the SOLID design principles.
What is the difference between the Factory and Abstract Factory design pattern?
What is the Singleton pattern?
Explain method overloading and method overriding.
What is method hiding?
How is polymorphism used in your project?
Java 8 Features
What is a lambda expression and what is its syntax?
What is a functional interface?
What are the new features of Java 8?
Explain the Stream API.
What is the Optional class?
What is a method reference?
Explain intermediate and terminal operations in streams.
What is the difference between findFirst() and findAny() methods?
General Java Concepts
What is static in Java?
Can we override static methods?
Why is Java not fully object-oriented?
Explain the memory structure in Java.
Is Java pass-by-value or pass-by-reference?
What is serialization and what is its purpose?
How does garbage collection work in Java?
Explain reflection in Java.
Advanced Java
Spring and Spring Boot
What is IOC and Dependency Injection?
Explain the Spring MVC flow.
What are the advantages of using Spring Boot over Spring?
What is the @SpringBootApplication annotation?
What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController?
What are the different bean scopes in Spring?
Explain autowiring in Spring.
What is Spring Boot Actuator?
What is the Spring Web dependency?
How do you handle exceptions in a Spring Boot application?
How do you configure profiles in Spring Boot?
JPA and Hibernate
What is JPA and how do you use it?
Explain lazy loading and eager loading in Hibernate.
What is the difference between get() and load() methods in Hibernate?
How do you achieve second-level caching in Hibernate?
What are the advantages of Hibernate?
Web Technologies
Servlets and Web Services
What is a Servlet?
Difference between GenericServlet and HttpServlet
What are REST and RESTful web services?
What is ResponseEntity in Spring?
HTTP and Security
What is HTTP and how does it work?
What is HTTPS?
How do you secure a web application?
What are OAuth and JWT?
What is content negotiation?
Agile and Methodologies
Agile Methodology
What is Agile methodology?
What is the difference between Agile and Scrum?
How do you use Agile in your projects?
Miscellaneous
Database and SQL
What are ACID properties in databases?
What is a deadlock in databases and how can it be prevented?
What is normalization in databases?
What is a primary key and a unique key?
What is a foreign key?
What is a trigger in a database?
How do you measure database performance?
Testing and Tools
What is JUnit and how does it work?
What is Mockito?
How do you use SonarQube for code quality?
What tools do you use for checking logs?
Miscellaneous Concepts
How do you detect memory leaks in Java?
What is the use of the Volatile keyword?
Explain shallow copy vs deep copy.
How do you create a deep copy of an object in Java?
What is a marker interface?
Programming Tasks and Examples
Code Examples
Given two arrays, find common elements and unique elements.
Sum all the even numbers from a given array using Java 8.
Count the occurrences in a given ArrayList using Java 8.
Check if all elements are divisible by 2 in a list using allMatch().
Check if at least one element is divisible by 2 in a list using anyMatch().
Reverse a given number and provide two solutions.
Find the top 3 highest salary employees from a list using Java 8.
Remove duplicates from an ArrayList using Java 8.
Convert a List to a Set and explain what happens next.
Commonly Asked Questions Breakdown
Very Common: Frequently asked in almost every Java interview.
Common: Asked in many Java interviews, but not always.
Less Common: Rarely asked, but good to know for comprehensive preparation.
Very Common Topics
String immutability
Checked vs unchecked exceptions
Multithreading and concurrency
Lambda expressions and Stream API in Java 8
Spring and Spring Boot basics
JPA and Hibernate basics
Agile methodology
Common Topics
OOP concepts (abstract class vs interface, SOLID principles)
Exception handling and specific exceptions
Collections framework (HashMap, ConcurrentHashMap)
HTTP and web security (HTTP vs HTTPS, OAuth, JWT)
Testing frameworks (JUnit, Mockito)
Database fundamentals (ACID, normalization)
Less Common Topics
Specific design patterns
Deep vs shallow copy
Advanced multithreading concepts (Executer framework, Future interface)
Specific tools (SonarQube, logging tools)
Detailed Spring concepts (bean scopes, Spring Boot annotations)
