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Lesson-3-Cell-Structure-and-Functions

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Lesson-3-Cell-Structure-and-Functions

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cherrybells920
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Name: __________________________________________________ 11 STEM __________ Date:___________________ WS#1

(Surname Given Name M.I.)

Lesson 3
Cell Structure and Functions

Right now your body is doing a million things at once. It’s sending electrical impulses, pumping blood, filtering urine,
digesting food, making protein, storing fat, and that’s just the stuff you’re not thinking about! You can do all this because
you are made of cells — tiny units of life that are like specialized factories, full of machinery designed to accomplish
the business of life. Cells make up every living thing; from blue whales to the archaebacteria that live inside volcanos.
Just like the organisms they make up cells that come in all shapes and sizes. Nerve cells in giant squids can reach up to
12m [39 ft] in length, while human eggs (the largest human cells) are about 0.1mm across. Plant cells have protective
walls made of cellulose (which also makes up the strings in celery that make it so hard to eat) while fungal cell walls
are made from the same stuff as lobster shells. However, despite this vast range in size, shape, and function, all these
little factories have the same basic machinery. There are two main types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotes
are cells that do not have membrane bound nuclei, whereas eukaryotes do. But, we are not going to discuss further about
the difference of the two main types of cells because it will be discussed thoroughly on the third module. Now, let us
identify the common cell organelles by performing the practice task.

Learning Activities

A. In or Out?
Directions: Determine the organelle which can be found in all cells. Check the column YES if it can be found
in all cells and NO if not.

Found in all cells?


Organelle Structure
YES NO
1. Cell Membrane Supports/protects cell; separates cell from its
environment
2. Cell Wall Stiff, rigid structure that surrounds the cell
membrane to support the cell
3. Cytoplasm Clear, thick jelly-like substance inside the cell
membrane that contains the other organelles
4. Ribosome Small bodies floating in cytoplasm (or attached to
the endoplasmic reticulum)
5. Mitochondria Membranous sacs with inner partitions responsible
for creating ATP.
6. Cilia and Hairlike projections attached to basal bodies
Flagella beneath cell membrane
7. Golgi body Group of flattened, membranous sacs
8. Lysosome Membranous sac; a sphere full of enzymes ready to
hydrolyze
9. Chloroplast Has an inner and outer membrane with an empty
intermediate space in between.
10. Nuclear Porous double membrane that separates nuclear
membrane contents from cytoplasm
11. Smooth ER More tubular; lack ribosomes, smooth in appearance
12. Peroxisome Spherical organelle responsible for fatty acid
breakdown
13. Rough ER Looks like a series of canals near the nucleus; its
surface is studded with ribosomes; rough in
appearance
14. Vacuole Storage bubbles found in cells
15. Microtubules/ Small tubes made from the protein tubulin
16. Centrosome
Structure and Function of Major and Subcellular Organelles

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum - network of interconnected membranes consisting of sacs and


canals. Transport materials within the cell; provides attachment for ribosomes. It is the site of protein
synthesis.
2. Mitochondria – Membranous sac with inner partitions. Site where energy released from food
molecules and transformed into usable form.
3. Nucleolus – Dense, non-membranous body composed of protein and RNA. Contains
materials to form ribosomes.
4. Ribosomes - Particles composed of protein and RNA. Function: Bodies where proteins are
synthesized.
5. Within the cytoplasm are a number of microscopic bodies called organelles ("little organs"). Various cellular
functions occur within these organelles. An example of an organelle is the endoplasmic reticulum.
6. Centrosome - No membranous structure composed of two rod like centrioles. Function:
Helps distribute chromosomes to daughter cells during cell reproduction and initiates formation of cilia.
7. Cilia and Flagella - Hairlike projections attached to basal bodies beneath cell membrane.
Function: Propel fluids over cellular surface and enable certain cells to move.
8. Nucleus - Composed primarily of histone protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. With the exception
of red blood cells, all cells have a nucleus in the human body. The nucleus of human cells is surrounded by
a membrane called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure consisting
of two layers of phosphide similar to the plasma membrane. Pores in the nuclear membrane allow the
internal nuclear environment to communicate with the cytoplasm of the cell. Within the nucleus are two or
more dense masses referred to as nucleoli (singular nucleolus). The nucleolus contains RNA, or ribonucleic
acid. This nucleic acid is used to construct the subunits of organelles called ribosomes. The subunits are
later assembled into ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
9. Golgi Body / Golgi Apparatus - Group of flattened, membranous sacs. Function: Packages
protein molecules for secretion; origin of lysosomes.
10. Lysosomes - Membranous sacs. Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Questions to Ponder:
Directions: Read and understand each questions, then answer it briefly, justify if necessary.
1. Are cel wall and cell membrane the same thing? ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do all cells contain genetic information? ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What advantages do organelles provide in eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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