ADVANCED MATHEMATICS PAPER 1 (a)

PRE- NATIONAL EXAMINATION (CSSC) FORM SIX 2022/2023

MARKING SCHEME

1. a) 0.3114
b) 0.3082
c) 74.6900 minutes
d) 52.4656

2.a) i) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 – 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 meets 𝑦 = −1 at (𝑘, −1)

This gives: −1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑘 – 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑘

𝑒 𝑘 + 𝑒 −𝑘 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
−1 = − 3( )
2 2
−2 = −2𝑒 𝑘 + 4𝑒 −𝑘
−1 = −𝑒 𝑘 + 2𝑒 −𝑘
−𝑒 𝑘 = −𝑒 2𝑘 + 2
𝑒 2𝑘 − 𝑒 𝑘 − 2 = 0
Therefore, 𝒆𝟐𝒌 − 𝒆𝒌 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
Hence shown!

ii)From: 𝑒 2𝑘 − 𝑒 𝑘 − 2 = 0

(𝑒 𝑘 − 2)(𝑒 𝑘 + 1) = 0
𝑒𝑘 − 2 = 0
(𝑒 𝑘 = 2
𝑘 = 𝑙𝑛2
Therefore, 𝒌 = 𝒍𝒏𝟐
1
b) Given 6𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 6 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥
1
Consider the power series expansion for 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 6 𝑥
𝑥
Let 𝑦 = 6

1 2 1 4 1 6
cosh 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 +⋯
2! 4! 6!

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This means,
1 1 𝑥 2 1 𝑥 4 1 𝑥 6
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 6 𝑥 = 1 + 2! (6) + 4! (6) + 6! (6) + ⋯

𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6
= 1 + 72 + 31104 + + ⋯.
33592320

1 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6
6𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 6 𝑥 = 6 + 12 + + 559820 + ⋯
5184

Also, for the power series expansion for 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥

Let 𝑦 = 3𝑥
1 1
From: 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑦 = 𝑦 + 3! 𝑦 3 + 5! 𝑦 5 + ⋯

1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥 = 3𝑥 + (3𝑥)3 + (3𝑥)5 + ⋯
3! 5!
9 81
= 3𝑥 + 2 𝑥 3 + 𝑥5 + ⋯
40

Thus,
1 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6 9 81 5
6𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥 = (6 + + + + ⋯ ) − ( 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 +⋯)
6 12 5184 559820 2 40

Therefore,

𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟗 𝒙𝟒 𝟖𝟏 𝒙𝟔
𝟔𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝟔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟑𝒙 = 𝟔 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒙𝟑 + − 𝟒𝟎 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟓𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟎.
𝟓𝟏𝟖𝟒

𝑥
c) Given 𝑦 = 80𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (80).

𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( )
𝑑𝑥 80
𝑑𝑦
At minimum value, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) = 0
80
𝑥
𝑒 40 − 1 = 0
𝑥
= ln(1)
40
𝑥 = 40 ln(1)
𝑥 = 40(0) = 0
At minimum value, 𝑥 = 0
𝑥
But 𝑦 = 80𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (80).

Substituting 𝑥 = 0,

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𝑦 = 80𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(0).
𝑦 = 80(1) = 80
Therefore, the minimum value of telegraph wire is 80.

3. (a)Let x be number of drives through restaurants and y be number of full service

restaurants

Objective function

To maximize f(x,y) = 200,000x+500,000y

Constraints

100,000x +150,000y ≤ 2400,000 i.e. 2x+3y ≤ 48

5x+15y ≤ 210 i.e. x+3y ≤ 42

x+y ≤ 20

Non- negative constraints

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

(b)Let x be number of packets of medicines from A to P

Let y be number of packets of medicines from A to Q

Let z be number of packets of medicines from A to R

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6000

𝑧 = 6000 − 𝑥 − 𝑦

Objective function

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 500𝑥 + 400𝑦 + 300𝑧 + 400(4000 − 𝑥) + 200(4000 − 𝑦)
+ 500(5000 − 𝑧)

= 500𝑥 + 400𝑦 + 300𝑧 + 1600000 − 400𝑥 + 800000 − 200𝑦 + 2500000 − 500𝑧

= 100𝑥 + 200𝑦 − 200𝑧 + 4900000

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 = 100𝑥 + 200𝑦 − 200(6000 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) + 4900000

= 100𝑥 + 200𝑦 − 1200000 + 200𝑥 + 200𝑦 + 4900000

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 300𝑥 + 400𝑦 + 3,700,000

Constraints;

x ≤ 4000.

y≤4000

𝑧 ≤ 5000

6000 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 5000

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 1000.

𝑥 ≥ 0.

𝑦 ≥ 0.

𝑧≥0

6000 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 6000.

Corner Point Transport Cost

A(0,4000) 5,300,000
B(2000,4000) 5,900,000
C(4000,2000) 5,700,000
D(4000,0) 4,900,000
E(1000,0) 4,000,000
F(0,1000) 4,100,000
Optimum point is (1000, 0)

𝑧 = 6000 − 1000 − 0 = 5000

The company should supply

1,000 packets from A to P

0 packets from A to Q

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5,000 packets from A to R

3,000 packets from B to P

4,000 packets from B to Q

0 packets from B to R

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Page 6 of 18
 ∑𝑥
4. a) 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = 2500
𝑁

∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥 2
Standard deviation= √ − ( 𝑁 ) =2000
𝑁

If all salaries are increased by 2500

∑ 𝑋+2500𝑁 ∑ 𝑋
New mean = = 𝑁 +2500=25000 +2500=27500
𝑁

Therefore, new mean is 27500

(𝑋+2500)2 ∑𝑋 2
New S.D= √∑ − ( 𝑁 + 2500)
𝑁

(𝑋 2 +5000𝑋+25002 ) ∑𝑋 2 ∑𝑋
New 𝑆. 𝐷 = √∑ − (( 𝑁 ) + 5000 + 25002 )
𝑁 𝑁

The new standard deviation is 2000

b) Machine A
∑𝑥 2000
Mean = 𝑁 = =200
10

Machine B
∑𝑥 2000
Mean= 𝑁 = =200m
10

Machine A Machine B
X x-200 (𝑥 − 200)2 x x-200 (𝑥 − 200)2

196 -4 16 192 -8 64
198 -2 4 194 -6 36
198 -2 4 195 -5 25
199 -1 1 198 -2 4
200 0 0 200 0 0
200 0 0 201 1 1
201 1 1 203 3 9
201 1 1 204 4 16
202 2 4 206 6 36
205 5 25 207 7 49
56 240

∑(𝑋−200)2 56
Machine A 𝑆2 = = 10 = 5.6
10

S=√5.6 ≈ 2.37
∑(𝑋−200)2 240
Mchine B 𝑆 2 = = = 24
10 10

S=√24 ≈ 4.90

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The S.D for machine Ais 2.37g and the S.D for machine B is 4.90g
Indicating that machine A is more reliable /uniforms
C)
Intervals 30-39.5 40-49.5 50-59.5 60-69.5 70-79.5 80-89.5
Frequencies 11 18 24 21 14 12
Com.frq 11 29 53 74 88 100
Inter-quartile range=𝑄3 − 𝑄1
𝑁 𝑡ℎ 100 𝑡ℎ
The position of 𝑄1 =( 4 ) =( ) = 25𝑡ℎ
4

𝑄1 Class is 40-49.5
𝑁
−∑ 𝑓𝑏
4
𝑄1 = 𝐿𝑄1 + ( )𝑐
𝑓𝑤

25 − 11
𝑄1 = 39.75 + ( ) 10 = 47.53
18
The position of 𝑄 3𝑁 𝑡ℎ 3∗100 𝑡ℎ 𝑄3 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 70 − 79.5
3=( ) =( ) =75𝑡ℎ
4 4

3𝑁
− ∑ 𝑓𝑏
𝑄3=𝐿𝑄3 +( 4 )𝑐
𝑓𝑤

75 − 74
𝑄3 = 69.75 + ( ) 10 = 70.46
14
Therefore, quartile deviation is 70.46-47.53=22.93
5 a) i) Consider L.H.S
A∇(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)……………………………………………………………..given

[𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)] ∪ [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝐴]………….. ………………….by definition of ∇.

.[𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′] ∪ [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐴′] … … … … … … … … … … 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒.
[𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′] ∪ [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐴′]……………………………DE Morgan′s law.
[(𝐴 ∩ 𝐴′) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′)] ∪ [𝐴 ∩ 𝐴′) ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′)] … … … . . 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
[∅ ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′)] ∪ [∅ ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′)] … … … … … . . … … . . 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
(A∩ 𝐵′) ∪ ∅ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
(A-B)…………………………………………………….. by definition of set difference.
Therefore, A∇(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = (𝐴 − 𝐵)

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 ii)[𝐴 ∩ (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵)] ∪ [𝐵 ∩ (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′ )] … … … … … … … … … . 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛.
[(𝐴 ∩ 𝐴′1) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)] ∪ [(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐵′)] … … … … . 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
[∅ ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)] ∪ [(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′) ∪ ∅]……………………………..complement law.
(A∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′) … ……………………………………….…identity law.
(A∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
(A∪ 𝐴′) ∩ 𝐵……………………………………………………….Distributive law.
𝜇 ∩ 𝐵 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑤.
B…………………………………………………………………Identity law.
b)

c)i)The given information can be represented in the Venn diagram as follows;

Chocolate

9 3 2 1 3
intelligent

Page 9 of 18

White
ii)Number of girls in the class =9+3+2+1+3=18
iii) 3 girls are white but not intelligent.
6. a)i)Condition for f(x) to be an even function
F(-x) = f(x).
𝑝𝑥+𝑞 −𝑝𝑥+𝑞
ii) Given f(x)= 𝑥+𝑟 then f(-x) = −𝑥+𝑟

For even function f(-x) = f(x)

𝑝𝑥+𝑞 −𝑝𝑥+𝑞
= .
𝑥+𝑟 −𝑥+𝑟

(px+q)(r-x)=(q-px)(x+r)
Pxr-qx= qx-pxr
2prx=2qx
Pr =q
𝑝𝑥+𝑝𝑟 𝑝(𝑥+𝑟)
Then f(x)= =
𝑥+𝑟 𝑥+𝑟

F(x)=p hence shown.

4
b) We have f(x)= √𝑥 − 1 and g(x)=𝑥 4 + 1
Required to show fog(x)=gof(x)
LHS=𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)]=f(𝑥 4 + 1)
4
LHS=√𝑋 4 + 1 − 1=X
Also,
4
R.H.S=g[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑔( √𝑥 − 1)
4 4
R.H. S=(( √𝑋 − 1) + 1 = 𝑋

LHS =RHS. Shown.

Page 10 of 18
c)
𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 1) − (𝑦 + 5)𝑥 − 6(2𝑦 − 1) = 0
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 6 = 0.
y( 2
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 12) = 𝑥 2 +5x-6
𝑥 2 +5𝑥−6
y=𝑥 2 −𝑥−12,

p(x)=𝑥 2 +5x-6, Q(x)=𝑥 2 -x-12

Asymptotes
Vertical asymptotes
Let Q(x)=0
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0, 𝑥1=4 , 𝑥2=−3.
Horizontal asymptotes
Since degree N=degree D
y=1.
X and y-intercepts
0+0−6 1
If x=0, then y=0−0−12 = 2.

If y=0, then 𝑥 2 +5x-6=0

𝑥1 =1, 𝑥2 = -6
Its graph

Page 11 of 18
7. a) Absolute error and Relative errors differ in various aspects namely; definition,
determination, size of the quantity and units used to express it.
𝑙
b) let g=4𝜋 2 𝑇 2

Introducing ln both sides gives

lng=ln4+2ln𝜋+lnl-2lnT
differentiating each term and maximizing errors gives
∆𝑔 ∆𝑙 ∆𝑇
=0+0+ +2 .
𝑔 𝑙 𝑇

Substituting the values into the equation gives

∆𝑔
= 3% + 2(4%) = 11%.
𝑔
Therefore, the percentage error in the determination of g is 11%
−1
𝑏
c)From v=∫𝑎 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥, but y=𝑒 2𝑥2
−1 2
3
v =𝜋 ∫−3 (𝑒 2𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥
−1
let f(x)=𝑒 𝑥2
𝑏−𝑎 3−(−3)
h= = =1
𝑛 6

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
−1 1
𝑒 𝑒

F(x) −1 −1 1 −1 −1
𝑒9 𝑒4 𝑒0 𝑒4 𝑒9
Ordinate 𝑦0 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦5 𝑦6

By Simpson's rule
ℎ
V= 𝜋(
3

8.a) Given the circle x2 + y 2 − 2 x + y − 5 = 0 at ( 3, −2 )

dy
slope =
dx
d 2
dx
(
x + y2 − 2x + y − 5 = 0 )
dy dy
2x + 2 y − 2 + =0
dx dx
dy
( 2 y + 1) = 2 − 2 x
dx

Page 12 of 18
 dy 2 − 2 x
=
dx 2 y + 1
at ( 3, −2 )
4
MT =
3
4 y+2
Equation of tangent =
3 x −3
3 y − 4 x + 18 = 0
Let A be x-axis, y = 0

( x, y ) = 
9 
,0
2 
B be at y-axis, x=0
( x, y ) = ( 0, −6 )
Consider the sketch below

1
Area of the triangle = OA OB
2
9
OA = units
2
OB = 6 units
1 9
Area =  6 
2 2
27
Area = ( OAB ) = square units.
2
b)i) Given a pair of lines 4 x2 − 24 xy + 11y 2 = 0
24 y  576 y 2 − 176 y 2
by general formula x =
8

Page 13 of 18
 24 y  20 y
x=
8
8x = 24 y  20 y
For (+ve)
2 x = 11y
2
y = x ………….(i)
11
Also for (-ve)
8x = 4 y
y = 2 x …………..(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2
M1 = , M 2 = 2
11
 m − m1 
 = tan −1  2 
 1 + m1m2 
 2 
 2−
 = tan −1  11 
2 
 1+ 2 
 11 
4
 = tan −1  
3
 = 53 7 '
x y
ii) Given the line + = 1 touches the circle x2 + y 2 = c2
a b
bx + ay = ab
b
y =b− x
a
Substitute to x2 + y 2 = c2
2
 b 
x2 +  b − x  = c2
 a 
b2 b2
x2 + b2 − 2 x + 2 x 2 = c 2
a a
 b  22 2
b
(
1 + 2  x − 2 x + b − c = 0
2 2
)
 a  a
b
Since the line y = b − x touches the circle, then b2 = 4ac
a
4b 4  b2  2 2
a2
= 4 (
1 + 2  b − c )
 a 
b4 b4 b2c 2
= b −c + 2 − 2
2 2

a2 a a

Page 14 of 18
 b2c 2
0 = b2 − c 2 −
a2
Multiply by a 2 both sides
0 = a 2b 2 − a 2 c 2 − b 2 c 2
Divide each term by a 2b2c2
1 1 1
0= 2 − 2 − 2
c b a
1 1 1
2
+ 2 = 2
a b c
c) PQ is divided internally ratio 2:1 by point A (1, 1)
From:
 mx + nx1 my2 + ny1 
A ( x, y ) =  2 , 
 m+n m+n 
2x + x 2 y + y
(1,1) =  2 1 , 2 1 
 3 3 
By comparing
2 x2 + x1 = 3................(i)
2 y2 + y1 = 3................(ii)
Also
PQ divided externally ratio 5:2 by point B (4, 7) from:
 mx − nx1 my2 − ny1 
B ( x, y ) =  2 , 
 m−n m−n 
5 x − 2 x 5 y − 2 y1 
( 4, 7 ) =  2 1 , 2 
 3 3 
By comparing
5 x2 − 2 x1 = 12................(iii )
5 y2 − 2 y1 = 21................(iv)
Solving (i) and (iii) and (ii) and (iv) simultaneously we get:
x1 = −1, y1 = −3, x2 = 2, y2 = 3
Therefore;
P ( x, y ) = ( −1, −3)
Q ( x, y ) = ( 2,3) .
𝑑𝑢
9. a) i) let u= 𝑥 5 − 1, 𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥,𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑥 4

b) Consider
c =∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
by integration by parts
let u=cosbx, du=-bsinbx
dv=𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥,

Page 15 of 18
 1
v= 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ,
𝑎
from ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
1 𝑏
s == 𝑎 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sinbx -𝑎 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
as= 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sinbx-b∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 but c=∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
as=𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐
Therefore, as + bc=𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥.

c)
10.a) i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = ln (𝑥 + ℎ)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = lim ……
ℎ⇾0 ℎ

𝑙𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑙𝑛𝑥
= lim .
ℎ⇾0 ℎ

𝑥+ℎ
ln ( )
= lim ℎ
ℎ⇾0 ℎ
ℎ
ln ( 1 + 𝑥 )
= lim
ℎ⇾0 ℎ
From the series expansion of 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥)
𝑥2 𝑥3
ln(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 − + −⋯
2 3

ℎ ℎ ℎ2 ℎ3
ln (1 + 𝑥 ) =𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 − ⋯

ℎ ℎ ℎ2
= (1 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 −
𝑥

ℎ ℎ ℎ2
(1 − 2𝑥 3𝑥 2 − ⋯ )
+
𝑥
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ⇾0 ℎ
1 ℎ ℎ2 ℎ ℎ2
=lim 𝑥(1 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 As h⇾0, 1 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − ⋯ ) ⇾ 1
ℎ⇾0
1
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 𝑥.
ii) Given 𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

Page 16 of 18
 1
𝑧 = ln (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
2
𝜕𝑧 1 2𝑥 𝑥
= 2 (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2)= 𝑥 2+𝑦 2 .
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑧 1 2𝑦 𝑦
= ( ) = 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2.
𝜕𝑦 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑥 ( 2 2) + 𝑦 ( 2 2) = 2 2 + 2 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
= 2 2
𝑥 +𝑦
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 +𝑦 = 1.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
b)
c) Let r be radius of each tin and h be perpendicular height then the surface area S is
given by

S = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ but 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

128𝜋 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
128
ℎ= 𝑟2

128
S = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟( 𝑟 2 )

256𝜋
S = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝑟

𝑑𝑠 256𝜋
= 4𝜋𝑟 − .
𝑑𝑟 𝑟2

For minimum surface area

𝑑𝑠
=0
𝑑𝑟

256𝜋
4𝜋𝑟 − =0
𝑟2

256𝜋
4𝜋𝑟 =
𝑟2

4𝑟 3 = 256

𝑟 3 = 64

𝑟 = 4.

Page 17 of 18
 128
ℎ=
𝑟2

128
ℎ=
42

ℎ = 8.

For minimum surface area each tin should have a radius of 4cm and perpendicular height of
8cm

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