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Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly

Language Programs of 8051 microcontroller

Article in International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications · February 2017

DOI: 10.9790/9622-0702030106

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Dr. D. Chinni Krishna. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 2, ( Part -3) February 2017, pp.01-06

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through

Assembly Language Programs of 8051 microcontroller
Dr. D. Chinni Krishna*and U. Sridevi**
*Department of Physics, Bhavan’s New Science College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad-500 029, Telangana State,
India.
**Department of Mathematics, Govt. City College, Nayapul, Hyderabad-500 001, Telangana State, India

ABSTRACT
With a view to display a Digital Clock through digital circuits using modulo-n (mod-n) counters, a
circuit diagram was designed and implemented it through multi simulation software. In the similar manner the
time digits were displayed on seven segment displays at 8255 programmable peripheral interface (PPI) ports
through 8051 microcontroller, the time digits (hours, minutes and seconds) were connected to the first 8255 PPI
and the date digits (Years, months and days) were connected to second 8255 PPI. The detailed circuit diagram
was given to understand the construction details of the circuit. The loop in a loop technique of assembly
language program was used to display date and time. After displaying a year, month and day on the date
displays through main program, it calls 1day subroutine to display time in 24 hours clock. The 1day subroutine
calls 1second delay subroutine to change the digits in seconds display. After completion of 24 hours time, the
digit will be changed in the days display to indicate the next date. After completion of 31 days in the first month,
the main program calls month subroutine to change the digit in the months display. Precautions were taken to
change the digits in months display for January 31 days, February 28 days, March 31 days, April 30 days, May
31 days, June 30 days, July 31 days, August 31 days, September 30 days, October 31 days, November 30 days
and December 31 days. After completion of a month, there will be a change in years digit and this process will
be repeated continuously.
Keywords: Digital Clock, Modulo-n Counters, Interfacing, Assembly Language program, Loop in Loop
technique, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) number

I. INTRODUCTION required data to display the digits of a digital clock

In the digital era, designing of a digital on 7 segment displays.
clock and maintaining of its digits without any
error is one of the important tasks of the circuit II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
designer. The sequential circuits of digital The general circuit diagram of 24 hours Digital
electronics were implemented to design the clock. Clock with digital circuits as given in a text book
The modulo-n counters are used to give the [1] with clock input was designed by using mod-n
counters as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Digital clock by using mod-n counter digital circuits

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Dr. D. Chinni Krishna. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 2, ( Part -3) February 2017, pp.01-06

The practical circuit diagram to design a 24 hours simulation software [2] with execution results were
digital clock by using mod-n counters on Multi- shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. The 24 hours digital clock

It is observed from figure 2 that, each digit The experimental diagram to display Time
in LSB reaches its required value may apply a and date through 8051 microcontroller as its ports
clock pulse to its next higher digit. When the clock information given in a text book [3] was given in
pulse reached to minutes place, it clears all digits in Fig. 3. One 8255 ports are used to control the Time
seconds place. Similarly, when a clock pulse digits and another 8255 PPI ports are used to
reached to hours place, then all digits in minutes control the digits of the date. The Table 1 shows
and seconds place will be cleared. When it reaches the 8255 ports bit conditions to display time and
highest value all digits were cleared and it repeated date in a systematic manner.
in incrementing mode. Change the clock position to
set or reset any of the digits in a digital clock.

Fig. 3. Displaying of Time and Date through 8051 microcontroller and 8255 PPI ports

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 Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..

Table 1. Pattern of displaying time and days on seven segment displays

Years Months Days Hours Minutes Seconds
Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower
Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit Digit
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 9 5 8
1 6 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 2 2 8 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 3 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 4 3 0 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “

The Table 2 shows the assembly language modify the value of delay time by introducing an
program of 8051 microcontroller to display 24 extra register. The suitable address locations of
hours time and 2 digits years. The program one 8051 microcontroller memory used in our
executed, it gives exact values up to a period of 99 laboratory starts from 8000H onwards.
years. Precautions were taken in the assembly We successfully verified the program of
language program to change the values in a leaf displaying of a time on seven segment displays
year for every 4 years. The delay program gives through 8051 assembly language program. Due to
exactly 1 second delay, so that the clock works time restrictions we could n’t verified the program
accurately without any deviation. Two address of displaying of the date. We expected that the
locations were written with NOP instructions to program could be worked out.

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 Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..

Table 2: Assembly language program for 8051 microcontroller to display Days at Port A, Months at port B and
years at port C of 8255 PPI. ORG 8000; Initial address of the program

Address Label field Mnemonic field Comments field

Main Program ORG 8000H Origin of the program from 8000H
8000 MOV DPTR,#2043H ; Load DPTR with Control port Address of 2nd 8255
8003 MOV A,#80 ; (A) = 80H = control word for all ports as output ports
8005 MOV R7,#16H ; (R7) = 16H = to display 16th year on years displays
8007 MOV DPTR,#2042H ; Load DPTR with port C Address of 2nd 8255
800A MOV A,R7 ; (A) = 16H
800B MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display 16H at port C of 8255
800C MOV R6,#00 ; (R6) = 00
800E ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display January
8010 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
8012 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8014 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1FH (i.e. 3110), if R5 ≠ 1FH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8017 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display February
8019 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
801B ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
801D CJNE R5,#1CH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1CH (i.e. 2810), if R5 ≠ 1CH then
jump to Day1. In February month there are 28 days
8020 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display March
8022 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
8024 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8026 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1FH (i.e. 3110), if R5 ≠ 1FH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8029 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display April
802B BACK: MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
802D ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
802F CJNE R5,#1EH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3010, if R5≠1EH then jump to Day1.
8032 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display May / July
8034 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8036 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8038 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
803B ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display June / August
803D CJNE R6,#08,BACK ; Compare R6 with 07 (July), if R6≠07 then jump
toBACK.
8040 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8042 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8044 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
8047 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display September
8049 BACK1: MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
804B ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
804D CJNE R5,#1EH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1EH (i.e. 3010), if R5 ≠ 1EH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8050 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display October / December
8052 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8054 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8056 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
8059 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display November
805B CJNE R6,#12,BACK1 ; Compare R6 with 12H, if R6≠12H then jump to
BACK1.
805E INC R7 ; Increment the year
805F SJMP START ; Repeat the process again

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 Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..

Subroutine to display month at port B

9000 Month: INC R6 ; Increment R6 to get next month
9001 MOV DPTR,#2041H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 2nd 8255
9004 MOV A,R6 ; (A) = R6
9005 DA A ; (A) = BCD coded Decimal value
9006 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display next month at port B of 8255
9007 RET ; Return to main program
Subroutine to display a day at port A
9008 Day: MOV DPTR,#2040H ; Load DPTR with port A Address of 2nd 8255
900B Day1: MOV A,R5 ; (A) = day
900C DA A ; (A) = BCD coded Decimal value
900D MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display Day on port A of 8255
900E LCALL 1day ; Call delay for 1day = 24 hours.
9012 INC R5 ; Increment R5 to get next day
6013 RET ; Return to main program

Table 3: The Delay Routine

Address Label field Mnemonic field Comments field
FF00H DELAY: NOP ; No operation
FF01H NOP ; No operation
FF02H MOV R1,#0FF ; Load R1 register with FFH
FF04H LOOP2: MOV R2,#0FF ; Load R2 register with FFH
FF06H LOOP1: DJNZ R2,LOOP1 ; Decrement R2 by 1 and if it is not equal to 0
jump to LOOP1 (inner loop)
FF08H DJNZ R1,LOOP2 ; Decrement R1 by 1 and if it is not equal to 0
jump to LOOP2 (middle loop)
FF0AH NOP ; No operation
FF0BH NOP ; No operation
FF0CH RET ; Return to the main program

Table 4: Assembly language program for 8051 microcontroller to display Seconds at Port A, Minutes at port B
and Hours at port C of 8255 PPI.

Address Label Mnemonic field Comments field

field
9100 1day: MOV DPTR,#2023H ; Load DPTR with Control port Address of 1st 8255
9103 MOV A,#80 ; (A) = 80H = control word for all ports as output
ports
9105 MOV DPTR,#2022H ; Load DPTR with port C Address of 1st 8255
9108 MOV R0,#0 ; (R0) = 00, to display 00 hours
910A MOV A,R0 ; (A) = (R0)
910B MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display 00 hours at port C of 8255
910C BACK3: MOV R4,#0 ; (R4) = 00, to display 00 minute
910E MOV A,R4 ; (A) = (R4)
910F MOV DPTR,#2021H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 1st 8255
9112 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display minutes at port B of 1st8255
9113 BACK2: MOV R3,#0 ; (R3) = 00, to display 00 Seconds
9115 MOV A,R3 ; (A) = (R3)
9116 MOV DPTR,#2020H ; Load DPTR with port A Address of 1st 8255
9119 BACK1: MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display Seconds at port A of 1st 8255
911A LCALL DELAY ; Call 1 second DELAY routine
911D ADD A,#01 ; (A) = (A) + 1, to get next second
911F DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get seconds in BCD format
9120 CJNE A,#60H,BACK1 ; If (A) ≠ 60H, then jum to BACK1
9123 INC R4 ; (R4) = (R4) + 1, to get next minute
9124 MOV DPTR,#2021H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 1st 8255
9127 MOV A,R4 ; (A) = (R4)
9128 DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get minutes in BCD format

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 Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..

9129 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display minutes at port B of 1st 8255

912A CJNE A,#60H,BACK2 ; If (A) ≠ 60H, then jump to BACK1
912D INC R0 ; (R0) = (R0) + 01, to get next hour
912E MOV A,R0 ; (A) = (R0)
912F DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get hours in BCD format
9130 CJNE A,#24H,BACK2 ; If (A) ≠ 24H, then jump to BACK3
9133 RET ; Return to main program

III. CONCLUSIONS
1. The modulo-n counters were used to generate a
digital clock He also wishes his thanks to his family
2. Change the clock position to set or reset any of members and friends for their support. He would
the digits in the digital clock. like to convey his best wishes to his small kid
3. The lower digits reaches its maximum value, it Master Krishna Chaithanya, who makes the author
supplies a clock pulse to its higher digit. in a refreshing mind by his smile and kidding
4. When higher digits are resetting, they clears all actions. Finally he would like to express his thanks
its lower positions. to his M.Sc. Applied Electronics students for their
5. Two separate 8255 PPIs required to display support.
time and date separately
6. The delay subroutine must give exactly 1
second delay to display time and date REFERENCES
accurately.
7. It is cheapest to design the digital clock with [1] R.P. Jain and M.M.S. Anand; Digital
digital circuits than with the microprocessors. Electronics Practice using Integrated
Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Company Limited, New Delhi.
The first & corresponding author would [2] Dr. D. Chinni Krishna, Volume 3,
like to express thanks to Dr. S. Jaikishan garu, the Number 2, Gaussian Journal of Science &
Chairman, Secretary & Correspondent of Bhavan’s Applications, July-December 2015. ISSN:
New Science College for encouraging him to carry 2348-0440
out the research work and publish papers. He also [3] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Jainice Gillispie
thanks the management for providing the facilities Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay; The 8051
in Department of Physics to carry out the above Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems
project. He also likes to wishes his thanks to his using Assembly and C, Second Edition,
colleagues Dr. P. Indira, Dr. S. Laxmi Srinivasa Eastern Economy Edition-2006, Prentice
Rao (The In charge Principal of BNSC (Day)), Sri. Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi-
D. Sambasiva Rao, Dr. B.V. Prasad, Dr. RVGK 110001.
Mohan, Dr. S. Jagan Mohan, Mr. B. Anjaiah, Ms.
Shahenn Sk, Mr. N. Venkateswar Reddy and Ms.
Asiya for their encouragement and support. He
would also like to express his thanks to Mr. Balraj,
Mr. Suresh, Mr. Sriram, the Non teaching staff of
Dept. of Physics of BNSC for their support.

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