SQL Built-in Functions

Fsoft Academy

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use

Lesson Objectives

This is a sample text that you can edit. You

01 Understand about the
canbuilt-in
changefunctions in SQL
font(size, color, Server
name), or apply
any desired formatting.

Recognize how to use built-in functions to perform operations

02 on data

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 2

Agenda

1. Conversion Functions

2. Date and Time Functions

3. String Functions

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 3

Section1

Conversion Functions

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 4

CAST Function
 Converts an expression of one data type to another in SQL Server 2008
R2.
Syntax for CAST:
CAST ( expression AS data_type [ ( length ) ] )

 The Cast() function is used to convert a data type variable or data from one
data type to another data type.
 The Cast() function provides a data type to a dynamic parameter (?) or a
NULL value.

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 5

CONVERT Function
 When you convert expressions from one type to another, in many cases
there will be a need within a stored procedure or other routine to convert
data from a datetime type to a varchar type.
 The Convert function is used for such things. The CONVERT() function can
be used to display date/time data in various formats

Syntax for CONVERT:

CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )

 Style (0 or 100): mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 6

CONVERT Function
Without century With century
Standard Input/Output
(yy) (yyyy)
- 0 or 100 Default mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)
1 101 U.S. mm/dd/yyyy
2 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd
3 103 British/French dd/mm/yyyy
4 104 German dd.mm.yy
5 105 Italian dd-mm-yy
6 106 - dd mon yy
7 107 - Mon dd, yy
8 108 - hh:mi:ss
- 9 or 109 Default + milliseconds mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)

10 110 USA mm-dd-yy

11 111 JAPAN yy/mm/dd

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 7

 CONVERT Function (3/3)
Without With century
Standard Input/Output
century (yy) (yyyy)
12 112 ISO yymmdd
Yyyymmdd

- 13 or 113 Europe default + milliseconds dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)

14 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
- 20 or 120 ODBC canonical yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)
- 21 or 121 ODBC canonical (with milliseconds) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)

- 126 ISO8601 yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmm (no spaces)

- 127 ISO8601 with time zone Z yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmmZ
(no spaces)

- 130 Hijri dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

- 131 Hijri dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 8

Section2

Date and Time Functions

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 9

GETDATE() & DATEPART() Function
 The GETDATE() function returns the current date and time from the SQL Server.
 The DATEPART() function is used to return a single part of a date/time, such as year,
month, day, hour, minute, etc.

Syntax:
GETDATE()
DATEPART(datepart, date)

 Ex: SELECT GETDATE() SELECT DATEPART(YYYY, GETDATE())

 Result:

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 10

GETDATE() & DATEPART Function
datepart Abbreviation
year yy, yyyy
quarter qq, q
month mm, m
dayofyear dy, y
day dd, d
week wk, ww
weekday dw, w
hour hh
minute mi, n
second ss, s
millisecond ms
microsecond mcs
nanosecond ns

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 11

DAY, MONTH,YEAR Function
 Returns an integer representing the day/month/year (day of the month) of
the specified date.
Syntax:
DAY(date)
MONTH(date)
YEAR(date)

SELECT DAY(GETDATE()) AS [Day],

 Ex: MONTH(GETDATE()) AS [Month],
YEAR(GETDATE()) AS [Year]

 Result:

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 12

DATEADD Function
 The DATEADD() function adds or subtracts a specified time interval from a
date.
Syntax:
DATEADD(datepart,number,date)

 Ex:
DECLARE @dt datetime;  Result:
SET @dt = GETDATE();
SELECT @dt AS CurrentDate;
SELECT DATEADD(day, 30, @dt) AS AffterDate;

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 13

DATEDIFF Function
 The DATEDIFF() function returns the time between two dates.
Syntax:
DATEDIFF (datepart,startdate,enddate)

DECLARE @date1 DATETIME;

 Ex:
DECLARE @date2 DATETIME;
SET @date1= '2012-04-07 20:12:22.013‘;
SET @date2= '2014-02-27 22:14:10.013‘;
SELECT DATEDIFF(month, @date1, @date2) AS 'Month'

 Result:

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 14

Section3

String Functions

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 15

RTRIM, LTRIM Function
 LTRIM Removes all white spaces from the beginning of the string.
Syntax:
LTRIM (str)
RTRIM (str)

 Ex : SELECT LTRIM(' Sample ');

SELECT RTRIM(' Sample ');
Result :

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 16

SUBSTRING Function
 The Substring function in SQL is used to return a portion of string. This
function is called differently in different databases:
Syntax:
SUBSTRING(str, position, length)

 Ex : SELECT SUBSTRING('Bill Gates', 0 ,5) As Result

Result :

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 17

LEN, CHARINDEX, PATINDEX Function
 The CHARINDEX and PATINDEX functions return the starting position of a
pattern you specify.
 PATINDEX can use wildcard characters, but CHARINDEX cannot
Syntax: LEN(str)
CHARINDEX ( expression1 ,expression2 [ , start_location ] )
PATINDEX ( '%pattern%' , expression )
 Ex:
SELECT CHARINDEX('bicycle', 'Reflectors are vital safety components of your bicycle.')
AS Positions
SELECT PATINDEX ( '%ein%', 'Das ist ein Test') AS Positions

 Result:

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 18

Summary
Conversion Functions
 CAST, CONVERT Function

Date and Time Functions

 GETDATE, DATEPART, DAY, MONTH,YEAR, DATEDD, DATEIFF Function

String Functions
 RTRIM, LTRIM, SUBSTRING, LEN, CHARINDEX, PATINDEX

Demo

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use 19

THANK YOU!

09e-BM/DT/FSOFT - @FPT SOFTWARE - FPT Software Academy - Internal Use