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Lecture Notes DPA Chapter 1

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134 views2 pages

Lecture Notes DPA Chapter 1

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innocent mfinanga
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Lecture Notes: Overview of Database Systems and Administration Roles

1. What is a Database?

• A database is an organized collection of data stored electronically and managed using a


database management system (DBMS).

• Examples: Banking systems, hospital patient records, e-commerce inventories.

2. Key Components of a Database System

1. Data: The raw facts (e.g., customer names, transactions).

2. DBMS: Software to manage, query, and manipulate the data (e.g., MySQL, Oracle, SQL
Server).

3. Hardware: Physical storage devices (e.g., servers, storage arrays).

4. Users: People interacting with the database (e.g., database administrators, developers).

3. Roles in Database Programming and Administration

1. Database Programmer:

o Writes queries and scripts to interact with the database.

o Develops stored procedures, triggers, and APIs for data manipulation.

2. Database Administrator (DBA):

o Ensures database security, performance, and availability.

o Handles tasks like backups, user management, and recovery.

3. Data Analyst/Scientist:

o Uses the database to extract insights and perform data analysis.

4. System Architect:

o Designs the overall database architecture.

4. Scope of Database Programming and Administration

• Database Programming: Focuses on how data is accessed, processed, and integrated.

o Writing and optimizing SQL queries.

o Creating stored objects like triggers and procedures.

• Database Administration: Involves managing and maintaining the database infrastructure.

o Backup and recovery.

o Security management (users, roles, and privileges).

o Performance tuning and troubleshooting.


5. Importance of Database Programming and Administration

1. Data Integrity: Ensures accurate and reliable data storage and retrieval.

2. Efficiency: Optimizes data access for better performance.

3. Security: Protects sensitive information from unauthorized access.

4. Disaster Recovery: Enables restoration of data in case of system failures.

5. Scalability: Supports growing data needs over time.

Review of Database Design Principles

1. Data Normalization:

o The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

o Example: Splitting customer data into separate tables for names and addresses.

2. Primary and Foreign Keys:

o Primary Key: A unique identifier for a table (e.g., Customer ID).

o Foreign Key: A reference to a primary key in another table to establish relationships.

3. ER Diagrams (Entity-Relationship Diagrams):

o Visual representations of database relationships.

4. Database Schema:

o The structure that defines how data is organized (e.g., tables, columns, data types).

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