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4 views8 pages

Practical 1og

Uploaded by

jeelpatel5330
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1

Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI


PRATICAL: 1
AIM: Describe various software development models with appropriate diagram.

1.Waterfall Model:-
The Waterfall model is one of the simplest and oldest models, where the development process flows
in a linear and sequential manner. Each phase must be completed before moving on to the next one.

Stages:
-Requirement Gathering: Collecting detailed requirements from the customer.

- System Design: Planning the system architecture and design.

-Implementation: Writing the code based on the design.

-Testing: Verifying that the system works as expected.

-Deployment: Delivering the final product to the customer.

-Maintenance: Ongoing support and updates after deployment.

Advantages:
- Simple to understand and use.

- Structured and easy to manage.

Disadvantages:
- Inflexible; hard to go back to a previous phase.

- Not ideal for complex or changing requirements.

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 1


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI
Diagram:

Figure1.1 The Waterfall Model

2. Incremental Model:-
In the Incremental Model, the software is developed in small, manageable sections or increments.
Each increment adds functionality until the full system is developed.

Stages:
- Requirement Analysis: Initial requirements are gathered.

- System Design: High-level system design.

- Implementation: Start developing parts of the system incrementally.

- Testing: Test each increment.

- Deployment: Release increments after each phase.

- Maintenance: Ongoing improvements and fixes.

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 2


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI

Diagram:

Figure1.2 The Incremental Model

3. Spiral Model:-
The Spiral model combines elements of both the Waterfall and Incremental models. It focuses on
risk management and involves repeating cycles (or spirals) to refine the system.

Stages:
- Planning: Define the project objectives and constraints.

- Risk Analysis: Assess and mitigate risks early.


Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 3
Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI
- Engineering: Develop the system with iterative refinement.

- Testing: Continual testing and feedback collection.

- Evaluation: Review progress and adjust for the next cycle.

Advantages:
- Focus on risk management.

- Flexible and adaptable to changing requirements.

- Suitable for large, complex projects.

Disadvantages:
- Can be expensive and time-consuming.

- Requires strong risk management skills.

Diagram:

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 4


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI

Figure1.3 The Spiral Model

4. Agile Model
The Agile model emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback. Development occurs
in small, iterative cycles (called sprints), with ongoing testing and feedback at the end of each
sprint.

Stages:
- Requirement Analysis: High-level requirements are gathered.

- Design & Development: System designed and developed iteratively.

- Testing: Regular testing is performed in each sprint.

- Deployment: Frequent releases after each sprint.

- Feedback: Continuous feedback from the customer and stakeholders.

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 5


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI
Advantages:
- Highly flexible and adaptable.

- Customer involvement ensures that the product meets user needs.

- Allows for frequent changes during development.

Disadvantages:
- Can be difficult to manage large projects.

- Requires constant customer feedback, which may not always be available.

Diagram:

Figure1.4 The Agile Model

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 6


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI
5. Prototype Model
The Prototyping Model is one of the most popularly used Software Development Life Cycle
Models (SDLC models). This model is used when the customers do not know the exact project
requirements beforehand. In this model, a prototype of the end product is first developed, tested,
and refined as per customer feedback repeatedly till a final acceptable prototype is achieved which
forms the basis for developing the final product.

Stages:
-Requirement Gathering and Analysis:-Stakeholders and developers discuss the high-level
requirements. Focus on identifying the unclear or challenging parts of the system.

-Quick Design:-A preliminary design is created to focus on the specific parts of the system that
need to be prototyped .Emphasis is on user interaction and functionality, not the complete
architecture.

-Prototype Development:-A working prototype is built using tools or frameworks that allow
rapid development. This prototype may not include all features or robust backend processes.

-Evaluation and Feedback:-Stakeholders (clients, users) review the prototype. Feedback is


gathered to understand what needs improvement or changes.

-Refinement:-Based on feedback, the prototype is refined or redeveloped. This cycle (Steps 3–5)
repeats until the prototype aligns closely with the stakeholders' expectations.

-Final System Development:-Once the prototype is validated, the system is fully developed
with complete functionality, robustness, and performance.

-Implementation and Maintenance:The system is deployed, and necessary updates are


made over time.

Advantages:
- Improved Requirement Understanding

- Early Detection of Issues

-Flexibility

-User-Centric Design

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 7


Enrollment No:236010307021 Batch:CO-1
Name: DHAIRYA CHIRAGBHAI GANDHI
Disadvantages:
- Time-Consuming

- Cost Overruns

- Inadequate Documentation

- Over-Reliance on Prototypes

- Scope Creep

Diagram:

Figure 1.5 The Prototype Model

Introduction to Software Engineering (4340702)Page 8

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